DOCUMENT RESUME

ED 265 052 SE 046 353

TITLE Science and Technology Data Book. 1986.INSTITUTION National Science Foundation, Washington, D.C. Div. of

Science Resources Studies.REPORT NO NSF-85-323PUB DATE 85NOTE 49p.; For an earlier edition, see ED 249 083.PUB TYPE Statistical Data (110)

EDRS PRICE MF01/PCO2 Plus Postage.DESCRIPTORS Bachelors Degrees; Doctoral Degrees; *engineering;

Engineers; *Federal Aid; Graduate Students; HigherEducation; Industry; *Labor Supply; *LaborUtilization; Masters Degrees; *Research andDevelop .%nt; *Sciences; Scientists

IDENTIFIERS National Science Foundation

ABSTRACTScience and technology (S&T) data are presented in 36

charts, graphs, or tables. These data are organized into three majorcategories, namely, research and development (R&D) funding, humanresources, and international S&T indicators. R&D funding issubdivided into national, federal, industry, and academic categories,with data reflecting, when applicable, funding, obligations, and/orexpenditures by source, performer, and character of work. Humanresources is subdivided into categories of utilization (with data onemployed scientists and engineers by field, sector, primary workactivity, highest degree and field, data on women and racialminorities, and retention rates from fifth grade through receipt ofdoctorate, 1965-1984) and supply (with data on bachelor's, master'sand doctoral degrees awarded in science and engineering (S/E) fields,full-time S/E graduate students in doctorate-granting institutions bysource of major support, and other data). International S&Tindicators includes data on scientists and engineers engaged in R&Dper 10,000 llbor force by country, R&D/gross national produce (GNP)ratios by country, nondefense R&D/GNP by country, U.S. patentsgranted to U.S. and foreign inventors by year of application, U.S.scientific and technical publications (S/T) as a percent of all S/Tpublications (1982), and other data. (JN)

************************************************************************ Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made ** from the original document. *

***********************************************************************

UAL DEPANDIUN CI EDUCATIONNATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION

rTIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATIONCENTER IERICI

The document his bun reproduced isrcoved from the person or organizationongwisting

CI Minor changes hove been made to improvereproduction quality

Points of view or opinions meted in this docu-

mum do not nmiessnly represent official NIEpavilion or poky.

I I I TO REPRODUCE TiATERIAL HAS BEEN GRANTED

Ksr

THE EDUCATIONAL ROOMAVY111 AINMIATIlella AMEalr. Af

scienceandtechnology

3

1986

Division of Science Resources StudiesNational Science Foundation

Washington, D.C. 20550

Telephonic Device for the Deaf

The National Science Foundation has Telephonic Device for the Deaf (TDD) capability

which enables individuals with hearing impairment to communicate with the Divisionof Personnel and Management for information relating to NSF programs employment or general information The TDD number is (202)357 7492

Availability of Publications

Single copies of most of these publications may be obtained gratis from the NationalScience foundation Washington D C 20550

Suggested Citation

Stience and Te( analogy Data Book (NSF 85 313) (Washington D C 1985)

III

4

R&D Funding

Contentspage

I

National Figure 1 The National R&D Effort 3Figure 2 National R&D Funding by Source 4Figure 3 National R&D Funding by Performer 5Figure 4 National R&D Spending by Character of Work 6

Federal Figure 5 Federal R&D Obligations by Character of Work 7Figure 6 Federal R&D Obligations by Agency 8Figure 7 Federal R&D Obligations by Major Performer 9Figure 8 Federal Obligations for Basic Research by Major Field of Science/ Engineering 10Figure 9 Federal Obligations for Basic Research by Major Performer 11

Industry Figure 10 Industrial R&D Expenditures by Source of 7unds 12Figure 11 Industrial R&D Expenditures by Character of Work 13Figure 12 Total R&D Expenditures and R&D/Sales Ratio of Five Leading Industries 14

Academic Figure 13 Academic R&D Expenditures by Source FY 198E 15Figure 14 Academic R&D Expenditures by Character of Work 16Figure 15 Academic R&D Expenditures by Field FY 1984 17Figure 16 Federal Obligation, to Universities and Colleges by Type of Activity 18

v

J

Page

Human Resources 19

Utilization Figure 17 Employed Scientists and Engineers by Field 1984 21

Figure 18 Employed Scientists and Engineers by Sector 1984 22

Figure 19 Employed Scientists and Engineers by Primary Work Activity 1984 23

Figure 20 Employed Scientists and Engineers by Highest Degree 1984 24

Figure 21 Employed Doctorates in Science and Engineering by Field 1984 25

Figure 22 Women as a Proportion of All Employed Scientists, Engineers, andProfessional and Technical Workers 26

Figure 23 Racial Minorities as a Percent of Technical Work Force 27

Figure 24 Retention Rates, Fifth Grade through Receipt of S/E Doctorate 1965-84 28

Supply Figure 25 Bachelor's Degrees Awarded in Major Science and Engineering (S/E) Fields 29

Figure 26 Master's Degrees Awarded in Major Science and Engineering (S/E) Fields 30

Figure 27 Doctoral Degrees Awarded in Major Science and Engineering (S/E) Fields 31

Figure 28 Full-Time Science and Engineering Graduate Students in Doctorate-GrantingInstitutions by Source of Major Support 32

Figure 29 Full-Time Science and Engineering Graduate Students in Doctorate GrantingInstitutions by Type of Major Support 33

Figure 30 Full-Time Science and Engineering Graduate Students in Doctorate-GrantingInstitutions by Field and Citizenship 34

0 6

International S&T Indicatorspage

35

Figure 31 Scientists and Engineers Engaged in R&D per 10,000 Labor Forcz by Country 37Figure 32 R&O/GNP Ratios by Country 38Figure 32 Nondefense R&D/GNP Ratios by Country 39Figure 33 U S Patents Granted to U S and Foreign Inventors by Year of Application 39Figure 34 Gross Domestic Product Per Employed Person, Constant (1984) Dollars 40Figure 35 U S Trade Balance in High-Technology and Other Manufactured Product Groups 41

Figure '16 U S Scientific and Technical (SIT) Publications as a Percent of ADS/T Publications 1982 42

; vil7

R&D FUNDING

8

oaf rklY rund.f, ,?5,1 co ,1I clcelOpmf. .M1,.3 roc Pr

u riiM equoccoco's

S0,06 f Natton,6 6 I ,6,656, or

Ad466on.6 41414 may by opta.ned from Jnnn A rnorrApenn 55' Anon. 302, 634 4635

Apure 1

The national R&D effort

Expenditures for research and development = $122 0 billion, 1886 (est

By source

1%2% 1

Employed R&D sclentists/englneers= 765,000,` 1985 (est

Other 9y performer By chamfer of work By sector

nonprofit --- 3%institutions

Other 4%

nonprofitA-- 3% 2%Universities 9% I FFRDC s" institutions 12% FMC's'and colleges

Universitiesand colleges

Development 88%

Industry

Industry

40% Applied

Federal

Government 12% Basic 12% 04 1 FederalGovernment

3

Rgure 2

Billions or dollars130

120

110

100

90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

National R&D funding by source

Average annual rate o change

Current dollars Constant dollars

Year Total Federa Total Federal

1960-68 78% 6 9% 5 4% 4 6%

1968-75 5 3 2 8 0 8 3 11975-82 12 3 10 5 4 4 2 7

1982-86 11 4 12 9 7 2 8 7

10 ,._,__.

,_

0 1 1_ l 1_ 1 _I _l__ 1 1 1 L _L_...._l _t_ 1 1___ 1 1 1_2_1- ie_ 1-.....

1960 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 85 86

last )'Based on GNP imphol 1:n a deflolor

SOURCE National Science F oundation

Rdclaiona, dal/ may be ObErne0 Ron, John R choichlello SRS Ph, le 1202) 6J4 4625

4 10

Rgure 3

National R&D funding by performer

[Dollars in minions)

Yew

Current Debra Ow RIM (1012) duller,

TitFederal

Osemmeent latentlyOlfew

TA( liMilli Azar

1010MRNTSlotMbOW1N3

0114

$ 13,1-'-24,10535,21371,320

103,19,

1112,000

; MS3,401-

ss CM%Mt

13.113

14,500

17,41121,_

WASILO;90,1011

Lie, 3,

10,1105

Is ,

-.

,

r -. .

-...

WNW on GNP ImpUctt prier deflator

ouacE Nallena' Science Inundator,luldmone, data may be abla,ned Non, John R Glorohono SAG Phone '2021 634 4625

5 11

Rgure 4

Basic research

National R&D sporting by character of work

Applied research

Billions of dollars Bill ons of dollars Billions of dollars16 28 90

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

Average Annual

Rate of Change

Current

dollars

Constant

dollars At969 751975 821982 86

5 070

11 6

9 4

' 1%3 65 1

ANCurrent dollars Alli.

-- Constant (1972)dollars'

24

20

16

12

8

4

Average Annual

Rate of Change

Currentdollars

Constant

dollars

- 1969 751975 82

1982 86

6 Pro1308 2

0 4%514 2

Current dollars

.-., c

..0`....... ...eses... ''''' NNW (1972)

dollars,

iiiimilliiiiii

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 01969 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 8586 1969 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 8586 1969 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 8586

test I lest I (est )

Development

Average AnnualRate of Change

1969 751975 82

1082 86

Current

dollars

5 1%

122128

Constant

dollars

-1 2%4486

A

Current dollars

d- WNW (1272)

Mars,

_i_i_i_u_iiiiiiiiiii

'Based on ;,NP MIP, , , WI( I riehato

SPJFICI %Ilona Si_ TT, I nondahon

AdthhOna' data may Pt obiamed 'urn len 14 I. hff it Ihenn SRS Phone MCA 41 .., 12

Rpm 5

1976

1981

1985lest 1

1986lest

Basic research

0 2 4 6 8 10I

Ampam*

priestelm"

1171-11

12.7%

4.2%

Federal R&D obligations by character of work

Billions of dollars

Applied research

0 2 4 6 8 10

1976

1981

1985lest )

1986(esi ,

'Based o GNP implicil once deflate,SOIM'E Nation. Science FOundaticn

Additional c'ila may IA Wattled from Gerard I Glaser Jr SAS Phone I/02i 434 4638

7

1 J

r

Current dollars

1976

1981

1985lest )

1986test I

13

Development

0 10 20 30 40 50

MU

I i IConstant (1972) dollars'

Figure 6

Bi Mon; of dollzrs40

35

30

25

20

15

10

5

0

Federal R&D obligations by agency

1976 1981

Awspassulponapilm. MIS 14411 LI% OM ILO11111141

"VIDA n 1916,HEW on 1976 adjusted ID reflect only nun? and human servIces programs raothout ellicsDon

SOURCE National Sconce FoDnJabon

Addr6ofsal data may be obtained Dorn Gerard R Glaser 31 59$ Mori 11021 634 4636

1985 (est )

trisie: sregil

8 14

1986 (est )

Figure 7

Current dollars

Federal R&D obligations by major performer

tidI of dollars

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

1976 1976

1986 1986(est ) (est )

0 5

Constant (1972) dollars'

10 15 20 25

'Based on GNP onplicit price deep;,includes lvderaiiv Issach and development canto'sSOURCE National Science Foundation

Add RiOnal data may Do Mimed Nom Gerard A Glaser Jr SOS Peons 1202) 634 4636

15

Figure 8

Millions of dollars4000

3500

3000

2500

2000

1500

1000

500

0;J76

Federal obligations for basic research by major field of scienc^/enginnring

lths sciences

eCNnCef

..........

..1100.410.001.0 IMMO ..011.61111..1

.......................................-

.0, Wo gams AO

worarai moan=............maimemarrAreamm.m....-.-...ae=

i 1 1 i t 1 1

esnvtronmental sciences

1 I

77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86--..lest i

SOURCt Nal.onai Some toodabonAddition' dala mav 04 °blame iron Guard S Ws./ .), 555 Pnve (MI 634 4636

10

16

Figure 9

1976

1986last )

Federal obligations for basic research by major performer

Current dollars

3 4 5 6

Billions of dollars

1

Constant (1972) dollars'

2

Nal

Federal

Universities and colleges

Intramural

Industrial tirmsb

1976

'Based on GNP mpidd onto deal°,t,nc,udes fedrady ,unded tem., and deve,oprnent Om ers

GDUPCP Nat,oha, Scene soundaoonAddd '00 data may be oblamee nom (*rata P Weser J, 660 Phone ,002, 631 1636

11

1986test )

17

Rgurt 10

Billions of dollars90

80

70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Industrial R&D expenditures by source of funds

Uhl Funds

Average annualpercentage change.

period Current S

12 3%11 6

Constant S

. 1974 821982 86

4 4%7 4

Comet dollars

Cogent...(1272)

dollars'

1974 76 78 80 82 84 86

ie

Federal Funds

Bill ons of dollars35

30

Average annual

on tentage change

Period Current 5 Constant

1974 82 107% 28%1982 86 148 105

01974 76 78

ttid,rtrt 1,%P ,t ^rtill tar f totem,. ,t rat, r

444, 'nay bp nr, ned nr 'Nn",,, ',R Pn ,ne ) hf4 4601

maw (trn)wow

80 82 84 86

lest

12 18

Company Funds

Bill ons of dollars60

50

40

30

20

10

0

Average annualpercentage change

Period Current S Constant S

1974 82 132% 52%1982 86 10 0 5 9

1974 76 78 80 82 84 88lest I

Figure 11

Industrial R&D expenditures by director of work

Basic Research

Billions of dollars30

25

20

15

10

5

Average

p

. PeroTTCurrent

1974 821982 86

annua

tentage change

STConstanI $

d

13 2'0 5 1`a11 3 1 7 1

Current dollars

,

......

..........

Constant (1972)dollars'iiiiiiiiii 1

Applied Research

Bill ons of dollars20

16

12

8

percentage

Perod

A terage annualchange

Current SConstant S-1974 821982 86

139`'-9 5

5 9%5 4

Current dollars

,.."....--

"0,111--IrfuConstant (1972)

dollars'

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

all ons of collars70

60

50

40

30

20

10

0 0 01974 76 78 80 82 84 86 1974 76 7o 80 82 84 86 1974 76 78 80 82 84 86

Development

Average annualL percentage change

Current $ Constant $[Period

1974 82

1982 8611 9%122

3 9%80

AllMGM.WAAIM

lest test ) (00 )'N,ed , r, rSOUP( I 44, or g

Ad0,1,17,1 t 4,K).1 .;) .04 4h4f,

13

Rgure 11

Billions of dollars18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0Aircraft 6 missiles

414/11001414 14.1% Mt MO

Total R&D expenditures and R&D/Sales Ratio of five leading industries

Electrical equipment

OA% 11.11 04

SOURCE Eialonal Soence {bode.add tenet gee may be owerneg irom inomas J Hogan SRS Mont 12021 634 4646

Machinery Chemicals & allied products

44% 43 43

" 20

Motor vehIcleS

'4C-41=11

Rgurs 13

Academic R&D expenditures by source: FY 1986

7% Other nonprofit institutions

23% Universities and colleges

Into! 510 6 billion

36% Non Federal Z" J

,Pr1P 0 or k t 1 WT. ..t, " r InQ Tk, 'r'

soukrE k'.fn k40011,0'12 ,,b1dor, ,,n Jr, a ' mr 01,0 coos n; a 4 Ofi?',

l:

15

21

64% Federal

6% Industry

Flynn 14

Billions of dollars8

6

Academic R&D expenditures by character of work

Average annual rate of change

Year

Cu rent dollars Constant (1972) dollars'

Basic

research

Applied researchand development

Basic

esearch

Applied researchand development

1968 751975 86

56'10 3

104%12 1

0 3%3 7

42%5 3

041011141.90119

4

177%

1968 1975

Current dollars

1986

'Based on GNP nnO tan ,r, deSaIoSOURCE 44.0,one, Snrnce Coundation

AO; Jnk data 'NV De °Marten ,orn Ionn II I n Sit% Pnone 12021 634 461%

1968

16 22

1975

Constant (19721' dollars

1986

Rgure 15

54% Lie science,

1% Mathematical sciences

270_ Psychology

2% Other sciences

3% Computer sciences

4% Social sciences

Acrdemic R&D expenditures by field: FY 1984

Total $8 5 billion

NOTE 'e I sae P .1 It,8 n, e ce,,C', 'Re ,a"'e as '5584

SOURCE Raba' re, Ot111d,OfAddlhona data may by OblarReE, ' n,n Re, ey I 5 uMe, SE'S Meer /IV, 534 452E1

1.117

23

14% Engineering

12% Physical sciences

8% Environmental sciences

Rgure 16Federal obligations to universities and colleges by type of activity'

(Dollars in millions)

Fiscal yearlTotal

obligations

Academic science/eglnertng

TotalResearch anddevelopinentb R&O plant

Fellowships,tralaseellpe,

NWhiking grants

Allother

Non-science/engineering

1963 $1,413 $1,329 $830 $109 $393 1215

1967 3,318 2,324 1.301 111 447 464 9941975 4,547 2,906 2.246 46 201 314 1,7411980 8,296 4,803 4,1110 31 223 313 3.4951984 10,100 6,441 5,623 90 259 510 3.659

Amps mai miss II AN.Omit WWII_

1963-67 23.8% 15.0% 11.9% 1.2% N/A 4.2% 85.2%4967-75 4.0 2.4 7.1 -10.1 -9.51975-80 12.8 11.4 13.1 -3.3 2.1 4.1 14.91990-14 5.0 7.6 7.9 7.1 33 7.4 1.2

(Content etdoll1963-67 21.0% 12.4% 9.4% -1.0ii N/A 1.9% 81.0%1967-75 -1.5 -3.1 1.3 -15.5 -14.3 -9.9 1.51975-80 4.8 3.5 5.1 -10.2 -5.1 -3.3 6.81980-8a -1.1 1.3 1.5 0.9 -2.3 1.2 -4.7

petal may .tt add o total because of rounding

'ACJCIEMIC eserct nil deveOOmeot is estimated at 16 41)11140n 10, bath 1985 and 1986 Sepa ate data or the other components 01 academic science engineering and non

ur rev e engineering are not availableobligations Int the yearn 961 IhrOuQr, 1983 naie been estimated by NS! based or revised data On student lid orosided by the department Of Education

'Separate data were unavailable ON ttos component betoie 1966

National Sconce Foundation

Additional data may be obtained onto Penn, It Foster SRS 911011 1201 6311629

18 24

HUMAN RESOURCES

25

Figure 17

Employed scientists/engineers by field 1984

Mathematical

9 ohysica"

Social'

Scientists = 1 8 million 45%)

11 Computer specialists

Scientists/engineerstotal = 4 3 million

2% Aeronautical 'astronautical

Chemical

8% Civil

9 Life

A001`,` I ddl ,`0,1 ` ``` Wry area

21 2V

N

13% Electrical / electronics

Engineers = 2 2 million (55%)

11% Mechanical

17% Other engineers

Figure 18

Scientists/ engineers,tot' = 4 0 million

6% Other

Employed scientists and engineers by sector: 1984

13% Academia

63% Business/ industry

8% Federal Government

Scientists = 1 8 million Engineers = 2 2 million

9% Other 26% Academia 4% Academia 12% Other

47% Business/ industly 76Y Business/industry

8% Federal Government 8% Federal Government

SOURCE Natrona Sven, toonjtio-R00MOna, tiala may De 001,Dneu t orn Mlr Oael f '.towley 54S Phone ,'11,' 414 IDD1

22

Rgure 19

Scientists /engineerstotal = 4 0 million

7% Teaching

Employed scientists and engineers by primary work activity. 1984

29% Management

Scientists = 1 8 million

14% Teaching 26% Management

SOURCE hat,oni, Suen,e cound,thonAd Oitiona, data may tot °blamed nom Aficnae, F Dow,ey SRS Pion i2C216311661

23

28

Engineers = 2 2 million

2% Teaching 31% Management

Figure 20

Scientists / engineerstotal = 4 0 million

8% Other

57% Bachelor s

Employed scientists and engineers by techeSt degree: 1984

Scientists = 1 8 million

9% Doctorate 1°/o Other 18% Doctorate

51% Bachelor s

NOTE Total may not add oD to '00 be, me nt ,,dm,SOURCE National Cue,. F oundatm,Additional am, may be Obtained from Whop` t CIO lele, SRS Phone is 614 4664

24

28

Engineers = 2 2 million

12% Other

3% Doctorate

23% Master s

62% Bachelor s

Figure 21

26% Physical'

30% Life

Employed doctorites in science and engineering by field. 1983

Scientists/engineers, total = 369 300

Scientists = 307,800

5% flathnmatica

4% Computer specia ists

34% Social'

mboey enyrronmenlai scienIrsts 5 pi cent 0110141 sovtsisnriuols psy!nplpglsls 15 percent of Mar scienlists

NONE TONI may not add up lo 100 because or rounding

00010C1 Natrona, Science 00,001,100n

Additional data may be obtained born Michael F Crowley SRS P6pnr ip2l 634 4664

25

Engineers = 61,500

1% Chemical 9% Civil

21% Electrical/electronic 9% Mechanical

44% Other 6% Aeronautical/astronautical

30

RIM 22

Scientists

Engineers

Professionalworkers

Wome as a proportion of all employed scientists, engineers, and professional workers

Percent

10 20 30 40 50

I

SOURfES National Suence foundation and (*Dement of Labor

Md.bona, gala may be °blamed ffOrn fkchat f Crowley SRS Rona (202; 534 4564

26 31

Figun :3

9acial minorities as a percent of technical work force

Technical work force

1978 1984...

Black I Mtn Black Asian

(Percentor Mal)

(PemeMof K411)

(linnetof total)

(PerceMof total)

Professional workers

Total scientists andengineers

Scient Nts

Engineers . . .

NA

2

2

1 I

NA

5

5

4

6

2

3

2

NA

5

4

5

NA nn.

, .1, Snl rpm '

,,IA tle NC, nI 1 'Ave, `P% 1,14 4664

27 32

Rgure 24

For every1.000 pupils in thefifth grade in 1965

746 graduated fromhigh school

440 entered college

72 received S/Ebachelor s degrees

33 entered S/Egraduate schools

4 5 receivedS/E doctorates

0

Retention rates, fifth grade through receipt of science/engineering doctorate: 1965-84

Percent

20 40 60 80 100

,OunCtS National Gents! for Education Statistics Natrona' Atadny 07 Scants and National Samna foundationAddlinna; data May bo nOtainod dun, Mary A GMladay SRS idiom (2021 634 4167

28 33

Rpm 25

Thousands350

Bachelor's degrees awarded In major science and engineering (S/E) fields

Computer/information science

SOURCES Nanonai Gaoler loi Education Statistics and National Stone FoundaironAdditional data may 0 *tamed own Mary A Solidly SAS P6001 (202) 6311767

k:

Science(Including compuler intOrMation science)

V 34

Total S/E

Rgure 26

Thousands

60

50

40

30

20

10

Master's degrees awarded in major science and engineering (S/E) fields

Engineering Computer / information science Science(including computer Information science)

SOWN Naliona Center thr tducabon Statistics WV 14aPon4 Science Folanoatmnkaddiona, Cala may be Maine porn Mary A Go4aday SRS Phone 12021 534 4787

3035

Total S/E

Figure 27

Thousands20

18

16

14

12

10

8

6

4

2

0

Doctor's degrees awarded In rialto science and engineering (S/E) fields

Engineering Computer /information science Science(Including computer information science)

SOURCES National Academy of Scityca and Nabona, Scianc, Foundation

Addifiona, data may be Mewl from Mary A Go Iladay SRS Mnn, 17071634.4751

, CP 31

36

Total S/E

Percent of total

50

Full -tins science/engineering graduate studentsby source of mator support

Federal Government Institutional support Other outside support Self-support

SOURCE Nebonai Science Foundahon

Ade Monel deli nay be Weevil from Penny D Emile SRS Rani, 1202)6344629

32 37

Rgure 29

Percent of total50

40

30

Full-time science/engineering graduate studentsby type of molar support

Z.

Fellowships and trameeships Research assistantships Teaching assistantships Other types of support

SOURCE National Sconce f ounOshon

33 8AtIOOlonatdala may beoblamolOcei Penny° HAW SRS Mona 1202/644,4629

.

Figure 30

(Thousands)

70

50

40

30

20

10

Full-time science/engineering graduate studentsby field and citizenship

1984

1975 Foreign

Life Engineering Social

SOURCE Nation , Sr ienre Foundation

Additional data may be (flamed from dryly 0 Faster SRS atone 202)634 4519

Physical

34

Psychology Environmental Mathematical

39

Computer

INTERNATIONAL S/T INDICATORS

40

Rpm al

Par 10,000 labor lora110

100

90

SO

70

80

50

40

idealists and .opens ongsgod In R&D per 10,000 labor fora by country

.044wo

30

20

10

0

NOTE A, nano Wm povifte ovuoso Dew* Of rn. Onticullies ink IN In Dimbdrini Wel beientlib WWI* didliWOWS NOON Seism eairedstare Orwl/Non IN UMW* Ditibliiiiiben 104 Ditotiontri 114 01 IWO dangibeb (Indiana dineVIIIVIaddnitint diii Nil be Obtained nom Carlab ibu)ttleech III 011110 120 21 434 4002

"41

Figure 32

R&D/GNP ratios by countryPe cent Percent4 4

Nondot:... r 3D /GNP ratios by country'

'Separare data for nondelense 663 on the USSR not evadableSOURCES Nattonal Science Foundatron end Orpanizahon Id ScOnOnec Coopeeatron and Development

eddrhonar data fwv be Nolan* Pom Carlos eroylbosch SAS MOM 13021634 4682

2

t

0

38 42

Rgurs 33

(Thousands)

80

70

60

50

40

........... 4. es ......vitsiaimm.,0111b---7414pamoblaveD

To VI.

U.S. patents granted to U.S. and foreign inventors by year of application

30inYellalle

20 ..011................

10

01967 69 71 73 75 77 79 81 83 84

lat)SOURCE U S Patent and Efacmaffi Officeecioeceil deli may w obtained from CrIOS KWVIDOCII SRS Effione 12021,34-411

3$43

1

Figure 34

Thousand 1984 Dollars35

Gross domestic product per employed person, constant (1984) dollars

SOURCE Oopartmoni of LAW sweau of Low Witcooadlonoi Oaf 1 nay Do obtained from Colin KruytbaSch SOS Plano I EC) 634 4612

all44

Figure 35

Bdltons of dollars20

10

10

20

30

40

50

U.S. trade balance' In high-technology and other manufactured product groups, constant 197' dollars

Migh-lechmlogymanufactured products

..-----'"'".........

111111101111W40110**,_

_

I I I i I I _II I1970 72 74

'Exports loss doports

SOURCE Dapartmant M Cnownord.

Additional data nay by obtained Rom Carlos Kruyt Oosth SRS Moos 634 4582

76 78

" 4 5

80 82

Figure 36U.S. scientific and technical (S/7) publications as z percent of world S/7 publications: 1982

Percent0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

, _,-

All fields '4 el'

Clinical 1-medicine

Biomedicine

Biology

Chemistry

Physics

Earth &space sciences

Engineering &technology

Mathematics

Na11 'Nese data art bud on Me aloes Wes and femme, in MO 2 100 InDuenhal pawns carried In Me 1981 Some Cotehon index of the Institute Ion Scientific Intonation

An arho. ,,,,rchirs from tole Man one country le prorated itr011111 catmints ineoloOd

SOURCE Computer Hoton. nu.Additiona data may DO obtained Iron Carlos lauylbosch 525 Phan* (202) 034 4682

42 46

Other Science Resources Publications

R&D Funds

15% Increase in Federal R&D Funds Proposed in 1986 Budget Mostly for DefenseFederal Emphasis on Defense is Major Factor in 1983 Increase in Industrial R&D PerformanceUniversities Report Research Equipment Shortages Are Most Severe in the Physical Sciences and EngineeringFederal Academic R&D Funds Continue Strong Growth Through 1985Academic R&D Funding Increased 7% in Fl 1983, Higher Gains Expected Through 19857% Real Growth Expected in 1985 National R&D Expenditures Defense and Economy Major FactorsDefense Research and Development Emphasized in 1985 BudgetPlans for Company Funded Research and Development Show 12% Annual Increases Through 19851983 Plant Biology Research Expenditures Totaled $200 Million and Were Concentrated in

Land grant Institutions

S/E Personnel

All Fields Share in' % Growth in Academic S /E EmploymentGraduate S /E Enrollment Rose 4% in 1983 with Major Gains in Computer Science and EngineeringShortages Increase for Engineering Personnel in Industry"Ph D Scientists and Engineers Shift to Industrial Employment and Related ActivitiesWomen and Non U S Citizens Responsible for Increase in Production of Scierye and Engineering

Doctorates in 1983"

Science and Engineering Jobs Grew Twice as Fast as Overall U S Employment with Industry Taking the Lead

434 7

NSF No

85 32285 318 (Rev 185 32085-314

85 30685 30484 33384 329

84 327

85 31785 31385 30985-301

84-32884 319

Detailed Statistical Tables

R&D Funds

Academic Science/Engineering R&D Funds Fiscal Year 1983Federal Funds for Research and Development Fiscal Years 1983, 1984 and 1985 Volume XXXIIIResearch and Development in Industry 1982

S/E Personnel

Scientists, Engineers and Technicians in Manufacturing Industries 1983

Academic Science/Engineering Faculty Fall 1983Immigrant .,:ientists and Engineers 1982 84

Acadi:, . Science/Engineering Scientists and Engineers January 1584U S Scientists and Engineers 1982, Volume 2

Characteristics of Doctoral Scientists and Engineers in the United States 1983

Academic Science/Engineering Graduate Enrollment and Support, Fall 1983

The 1982 Postcensal Suivey of Scientists and EngineersU S Scientists and Engineers 1982, Volume 1

Reports

R&D Funds

Federal Support to Universities, Colleges and Selected Nonprofit Institutions Fiscal Year 1983

Federal R&D Funding by Budget Function I -^al Years 1984.86A Comparative Analysis of Information on National Industrial R&D Expenditures

48

85-30884-33684-325

85-32885-32785-32685-31685-30785.30385 3C084-33084 -321

85-32185-31985-311

S/E Personnel

Federal Scientific and Technical Workers Numbers and Character's Iii.s 1973 and 1983 85-312

Campos Its

National Patterns of Science and Technology Resources 1985Science and Engineering Personnel A National Overview

Resources Supporting Scientific and Engineering Activities at Historically Black Colleges and UniversitiesAcademic Science,Ingineering 1972-83 R&D Funds, Federal Support. Scientists and EngineersGraduate Enrollment and Support

Women and Mir,orities in Science and Engineering

International

International Science and Technology Data Update January 1985Comparison of Scientific and Technical Personnel! Trends in the United States France, West Germany, andthe United Kingdom Since 1970

4945

85-32585-30284 332

84 32284-300

84-335