domestic violence pp for soc 610

Debbie McBride

DOMESTIC VIOLENCE What does it mean?

For victims, society & public Policy By Debbie McBride

What does it mean? Domestic Violence:

Also called “intimate partner abuse,” “battering,” or “wife-beating” refers to physical, sexual psychological, and economic abuse that takes place in the context of an intimate relationship, including marriage. Domestic violence is one of the most common forms of gender-based violence and is often characterized by long-term patterns of abusive behavior and control.

What does it mean? By Debbie

Characteristics Of Domestic Violence


Myths about Abused Women Family violence is confined to the poor.Alcohol and drug abuse are the causes of

domestic violence.Battered wives/mates like being hit,

otherwise they would leave.


Domestic Violence StatsOut of 3.5 million Violent crimes committed

against family members: 49% are against spouses.

84 % of spouse victims are women86% of dating victims are womenMales were 83% of spouse murdersMales were 75% of dating murders50% of offenders in state prison for spousal

abuse have killed their victimsWives are more likely to be killed by their

spousesDept. of Justice study between 1998-2002


Tour a Domestic Violence ShelterSafehaven.Org Virtual tour of domestic

violence safe house. Explore room by room

and listen to women’s real life stories.


Social TheoryBourdieuHabitusSymbolic Order of GenderSystems of Classification


Policy Implications1-800-799-SAFE (7233)National Domestic Violence Hotline:

http://www.ndvh.orgWhat we need to do:

1. Assessing battered women’s needs2. Providing time to use domestic services3. Addressing paternity and child support

policies4. Envisioning new & effective programs for

battered women5. Involving men


ReferencesBeate Krais .Theory Culture Society 2006; 23;

119www.ndvh.org/www.ojp.usdoj.govwwwww.unioncountyturningpoint.org/services/

myths.html www.kdva.org/myths.html www.nnedv.org/component/

option,com_chronocontact/Itemid,0/chronoformname,actAlert/

www.safehorizon.org/page.php?nav=bd&page=sheltertour_street


Class DiscussionIs class level a contributing variable for

domestic violence?


Manhood & Domestic ViolenceBy Sally Serrin

Low self-esteem Widely recognized as a correlate of

generalized aggressive behavior Attacks or perceived attacks on an

individual's self-concept Rosenbaum and O'Leary ReportAbility to Assert Themselves

Manhood & Domestic Violence by Sally

Interactional Dynamics Following Acts of AbuseSymbolic Interactionism

Acts of Contrition – Aligning Action If “honored” by the offended party(ies), they

minimize what otherwise might have been a relationship-threatening set of events.

Verbal Strategies Justification, Excusing, Normalizing

Techniques of Neutralization Method used by Victim “to help them tolerate

violent marriages”


Feminism: PatriarchySocial and Economic

Processes Social Order &

Family StructureControl > Supported

Single Factor Explanation

Role of control in the generation of violence

Patriarchal Terrorism


DV through Post Modernism Acceptance of violent imagery and narrativeLanguage & Reality


References An Evaluation of the Self-Esteem of Maritally Violent Men Author(s):

Diane Goldstein and Alan Rosenbaum Source: Family Relations, Vol. 34, No. 3 (Jul., 1985), pp. 425-428 Published by: National Council on Family Relations Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/583583 Accessed: 05/12/2009 02:57

Rosenbaum, A., & O'Leary, K. D. (1981). Marital violence: Characteristics of abusive couples. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 49, 63-71.

Family Violence Author(s): Richard J. Gelles Source: Annual Review of Sociology, Vol. 11 (1985), pp. 347-367 Published by: Annual Reviews Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/2083298 Accessed: 12/03/2009 02:50

Dobash, R.E., Dobash, R. (1979). Violence Against Wives. New York Johnson, M . P. (1995). Patriarchal terrorism and common couple

violence: Two forms of violence against women. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 57, 283-294 .

Research on Domestic Violence in the 1990s: Making Distinctions Author(s): Michael P. Johnson and Kathleen J. Ferraro Source: Journal of Marriage and Family, Vol. 62, No. 4 (Nov., 2000), pp. 948-963 Published by: National Council on Family Relations


Class DiscussionDo you think our society actually puts a

stigma on domestic violence perpetrators? Why or why not?


Domestic Violence & the Asian Culture

By Blanca Carrasco

Domestic Violence in the South Asian CultureSouth Asia Includes: India, Pakistan,

Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, and Nepal

Domestic violence is defined as when a family member, partner or ex-partner tries to physically or psychologically dominate or harm the other

Domestic Violence in the South Asian Culture by Blanca

Gender oppressionRapeWidow burningDowry deathsFemale infanticideMarital violence


Culture & AttitudesCulture

FamilyIdeal Roles

AttitudesInferiorityGenderEthnicityPerceptionsBelief SystemsAbuser Aggression


Tendencies & CultureBehavioral tendencies

Silent

Patriarchal cultureWifeMother


Experiences of VictimsInjury from abuseChronic physical health concernsMental and Emotional health concernsSuicidal ideas and suicide attemptsDiminished functional health


Symbolic Interactionism & Ideology Ideology

Believes connected to attitudesBundles of interconnected attitudes

Interpretation of social or political order


Symbolic Interactionism & IdeologyInterconnected beliefsAssociated attitudesIdeology enacted in interaction

InteractionsDriven by problematic eventsPeople act based on meanings


Feminist Theory Socially Constructed Body Insights

Gender expectationsIntimidationGender hierarchyGender stratification system


Implemented Public PolicySouth Asian Women Organizations (SAWO)Organization Ideologies

Value orientedWomen empowerment

Diffused ideologySelective values

Unspecified ideologyAssist individuals in need


Implemented Public PolicySouth Asian Women Organizations (SAWO)Organization Ideologies

Goals and strategies:Organizing South Asian WomenEnding domestic violenceCommunity education


Public Policy ImplementationAppropriate Legislation, Legal Enforcement,

& Legal Assistance for Immigrant Women Establish a Social Program for Undocumented

WomenCreate a Policy Institute:

For women who legal status depends on their husbands

For women who do not speak EnglishCreate adequate training programs for officers:

To provide adequate protection to victims of domestic violence


ReferencesAbraham Margaret. “Ethnicity, Gender, and Marital

Violence.” South Asian Women’s Organizations in the United States.

Hurwitz Himelfarb. “Intimate Partner Violence Associated With Poor Health Outcomes in U.S. South Asian Women.” Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health, Vol. 8, No.3 July 2006.

Goel Rashmi. “Restorative Justice, Domestic Violence, and South Asian Culture.” Violence Against Women, Vol. 11 No.5, May 2005.

Pathak Bhatt Archana. The Sita Syndrome. “Examining the Communicative Aspects of Domestic Violence from South Asian Perspective.” Journal of International Women’s Studies. Vol.9 #3 May 2008.

Raj Anita and Silverman G. Jay. “Immigrant South Asian Women at Greater Risk for Injury from Intimate Partner.” American Journal of Public Health; March 2003.


Class DiscussionQuestion


Domestic Violence in the U.S. Military

By Lindsey

Domestic Violence in the U.S. MilitaryAs defined by the U.S. Department of Defense,

Domestic violence is an offense under the United States Code, the Uniform Code of Military Justice, or state law that involves the use, attempted use, or threatened use of force or violence against a person of the opposite sex, or a violation of a lawful order issued for the protection of a person of the opposite sex, who is(a) a current or former spouse(b) a person with whom the abuser shares a child in

common(c) a current or former intimate partner with whom the

abuser shares or has shared a common domicile.

3 Categories: Mild, Moderate and Severe physical abuse.

Facts and Statistics Military families are at a significantly higher risk

than civilian families for domestic violence (Stamm,2009).

Domestic violence in the U.S. Military is 2 to 5 times higher than that of civilian populations (Stamm, 2009).

Rates of intimate partner violence in military populations, both veteran and active duty, range from 13.5% to 58% (Marshall, Panuzio & Taft, 2005).

There have been numerous cases of domestic violence in the military community which have lead to death.

Domestic Violence in the U.S. Military by Lindsey

Common Themes isolating the spouse (often using the military to do- i.e. base

housing, financial control, etc.) threatening to deport the spouse (wives who are immigrants)physically endangering the spouse to the point of permanent

damagevictims unaware of where and how to get helpvictims feeling that the military failed to properly recognize

the domestic violence or did not recognize it at all. fear of spouse losing job or future capability for promotion if

domestic violence is reported (cases are reported to commanding officers, i.e. spouses boss)

Many cases of military domestic violence, the abusers go un-prosecuted and undisciplined.

Note: While women are the significant majority of domestic

violence victims, men are victims as well.Domestic Violence in the U.S. Military by Lindsey

Domestic Violence and TheorySocial Learning Theory

People learn by observing and modeling other people’s actions.

Positive reinforcement often causes the behavior to repeat. If an individual observes domestic violence or violent behavior

(such as in childhood), they more likely to model that behavior. If the behavior is positively reinforced (i.e. victim accepts violence with submission), the behavior may likely occur again.

Feminist Theory Inequality among women as a class OppressionSociety places value on male dominance (male privilege)

Domestic violence is often withstand due to financial dependence (i.e. “If I leave I will have nothing and nowhere to go”), and submission.Domestic Violence in the U.S. Military by Lindsey

Current PolicyFamily Advocacy Program,

Victim Advocacy Program and the Transitional Compensation Program.

Comprehensive training is provided for commanding officers.

Military personnel take classes, including a session on domestic violence, usually post-deployment.

All military personnel are required to report suspicions of domestic violence, with or without the consent of the victim.


Future Policy Collaboration of civilian and

military communities in order to improve domestic violence issues.

Additional laws and policies need to be implemented which focus on offender accountability.

Programs and policies need to focus more extensively on the victim, providing them with resources, support and knowledge that will effectively assist them with their well-being.

Military policy may focus more intensely on pre-deployment, as well as post-deployment courses on managing stress, emotional issues, PTSD and other issues, in order to prevent violence of any kind.


Future PolicyMandating commanding officers,

or person’s in charge, to take part in more extensive training and education and allow such persons to be empowered to hold offenders accountable.

Laws re-examined and changed in order to better address victim confidentiality.

Laws enacted in which the Department of Defense sets aside funds to address domestic violence and sexual assault issues in the military.

Military policy needs to focus on incorporating a harsher “NO TOLERANCE” attitude and policy toward domestic violence.


ReferencesBeals, Judith. “The Military Response to Victims of

Domestic Violence.” Battered Women’s Justice Project. http://www.bwjp.org/documents/BWJPMIL.pdf.

Erez, E. & Bach, S. (2003). “Immigration, Domestic Violence, and the Military: The Case of “Military Brides.” Violence Against Women, 1093 (9).

Marshall, A. D., Panuzio, J. & Taft, C. T. (2005). “Intimate partner violence among military veterans and active duty servicemen.” Clinical Psychology Review, 25 (7).

MilitaryOneSource. “Domestic Violence and Where to Find Help- Violence and Trauma.” Retrieved from: http://www.militaryonesource.com

http://www.defense.gov United States Department of Defense


Class DiscussionQuestion


domestic violence pp for soc 610

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