dorrit black handout - weebly

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Year 10 Art Dorrit Black This exhibition of Dorrit Black’s work celebrates a great Australian modernist whose works range from portraits and landscapes to elegant figurative linocuts. Black`s career developed in Europe and Australia during the first half of the twentieth century, and was influenced by modern art practices of her time, particularly cubism. A reserved young woman from a wealthy Adelaide family, Black was mindful that marriage might restrict her desire to be an artist. She was highlytalented, and surrounded by creative family role models of educated and successful women. But while her abilities pointed to a career in the visual arts, she lived in a society that did not value professional women. Black had grown up in an Australia that, along with Britain, had for decades been grappling with changes in attitudes to women’s rights and to suffrage. Black studied art in Adelaide, Sydney and Europe where she attended several art studios. She honed her skills and style through exploring the avantgarde international movements of her day, modernism and cubism. Black belonged to a circle of other emerging Australian artists, including Grace Crowley and Anne Dangar. At the age of thirtyfive, like many of her peers, Black sailed to Europe to study the contemporary art scene there. During her two years away her painting style matured as she absorbed the ideas of French cubist painters, André Lhote and Albert Gleizes. Black had a passion to promote modern art in Australia, becoming the first woman to open an art gallery, the Modern Art Centre, near the new Sydney Harbour Bridge, where works by Australian modern artists were shown. However her progressive life in Sydney came to an end in 1933 when, at the age of fortytwo, she reluctantly agreed to return to Adelaide to support her widowed mother. She adapted well to this enormous change by continuing to paint and teach, and by becoming an active member of Adelaide’s art community. Her work The Olive Plantation, set in the Skye foothills, was painted in her Magill studio in 1946 from preliminary drawings and watercolours.

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Page 1: Dorrit Black Handout - Weebly

 Year  10  Art  Dorrit  Black  

   This  exhibition  of  Dorrit  Black’s  work  celebrates  a  great  Australian  modernist  whose  works  range  from  portraits  and  landscapes  to  elegant  figurative  linocuts.  Black`s  career  developed  in  Europe  and  Australia  during  the  first  half  of  the  twentieth  century,  and  was  influenced  by  modern  art  practices  of  her  time,  particularly  cubism.    

 A  reserved  young  woman  from  a  wealthy  Adelaide  family,  Black  was  mindful  that  marriage  might  restrict  her  desire  to  be  an  artist.  She  was  highly-­‐talented,  and  surrounded  by  creative  family  role  models  of  educated  and  successful  women.  But  while  her  abilities  pointed  to  a  career  in  the  visual  arts,  she  lived  in  a  society  that  did  not  value  professional  women.  Black  had  grown  up  in  an  Australia  that,  along  with  Britain,  had  for  decades  been  grappling  with  changes  in  attitudes  to  women’s  rights  and  to  suffrage.      Black  studied  art  in  Adelaide,  Sydney  and  Europe  where  she  attended  several  art  studios.  She  honed  her  skills  and  style  through  exploring  the  avant-­‐garde  international  movements  of  her  day,  modernism  and  cubism.      Black  belonged  to  a  circle  of  other  emerging  Australian  artists,  including  Grace  Crowley  and  Anne  Dangar.  At  the  age  of  thirty-­‐five,  like  many  of  her  peers,  Black  sailed  to  Europe  to  study  the  contemporary  art  scene  there.  During  her  two  years  away  her  painting  style  matured  as  she  absorbed  the  ideas  of  French  cubist  painters,  André  Lhote  and  Albert  Gleizes.    Black  had  a  passion  to  promote  modern  art  in  Australia,  becoming  the  first  woman  to  open  an  art  gallery,  the  Modern  Art  Centre,  near  the  new  Sydney  Harbour  Bridge,  where  works  by  Australian  modern  artists  were  shown.  However  her  progressive  life  in  Sydney  came  to  an  end  in  1933  when,  at  the  age  of  forty-­‐two,  she  reluctantly  agreed  to  return  to  Adelaide  to  support  her  widowed  mother.  She  adapted  well  to  this  enormous  change  by  continuing  to  paint  and  teach,  and  by  becoming  an  active  member  of  Adelaide’s  art  community.  Her  work  The  Olive  Plantation,  set  in  the  Skye  foothills,  was  painted  in  her  Magill  studio  in  1946  from  preliminary  drawings  and  watercolours.            

Page 2: Dorrit Black Handout - Weebly

Andre  Lhote      Andre  Lhote  was  a  French  painter,  sculptor,  teacher  and  writer  on  art.  He  was  interested  in  mathematics  and  the  use  of  the  golden  mean  (section  d’or)  which  he  used  this  to  construct  his  compositions.      Lhote  has  painted  a  landscape  composed  of  many  different  views.  The  landscape  is  broken  up,  analysed  and  re-­‐assembled  in  an  abstract  form,  the  image  becoming  increasingly  fragmented  and  distorted.  The  landscape  is  not  represented  as  a  single  viewpoint  but  as  a  composite  of  multiple  viewpoints.      In  1922  Lhote  established  the  Académie  André  Lhote,  and  his  theory  of  art,  based  on  a  personal  understanding  of  Cubism  and  appreciation  of  Cezanne’s  work,  inspired  the  Australian  modernist  painters  Grace  Crowley,  Anne  Dangar,  and  Dorrit  Black,  who  studied  at  the  Academie  in  the  late  1920s.      Lhote  used  the  underlying  geometric  structure  of  the  landscape  as  a  means  to  depict  the  poetic  and  soulful  expression  of  nature.  Blocks  of  colour  represent  the  trees  and  buildings.  Short,  parallel  hatched  strokes  of  paint  are  applied  to  the  canvas  to  ease,  disguise,  and  soften  the  edge  between  solid  and  void.  Lhote  has  used  simplicity  of  form,  angularity,  and  abstraction  in  his  work.    Lhote  encouraged  his  students  to  develop  a  cubist  vision  in  their  work.  Students  began  with  sketches  of  still  life  groupings  or  from  life  drawing  classes  of  Parisian  models.  A  morning  studio  session  might  have  a  nude  female  model  as  the  subject,  and  in  the  afternoon  perhaps  two  sailors  would  be  drawn.  After  two  weeks  of  sketching  Lhote  expected  his  students  to  ‘produce  a  composition  from  these  drawings’.    

 

For  this  stage  Lhote  had  his  students  redraw  their  sketches  into  pencil  compositions  for  later  development  into  oil  paintings.  Their  task  was  to  modify  previously-­‐sketched  images  to  fit  an  underlying  grid  which  was  drawn  first.  Following  this  grid,  geometric  curved  lines  were  made,  and  objects  were  linked  together  by  applying  ‘passages’  of  tonal  colour  between  them,  sometimes  overlapping.  

Lhote’s  purpose  was  to  help  students  flatten  their  images  of  three-­‐dimensional  figures  into  more  two-­‐dimensional  arrangements.  Black’s  Composition  study  –  sailors  and  girls  has  incorporated  Lhote’s  teachings.  We  can  see  the  structure  of  an  underlying  grid  in  her  background  of  geometric  tonal  shapes  and  in  the  human  forms.  These  merge  with  their  surroundings  and  each  other  through  her  use  of  ‘passages’  of  tonal  colour.  Her  line  work  which  defines  parts  of  the  figures  contributes  to  the  flattened  look.                              

Page 3: Dorrit Black Handout - Weebly

 RESPONDING  ACTIVITY      

 Andre  Lhote,  France,  1885–1962,  Church  at  Normandy  (Église  de  Normandie),  1911,  Paris,  oil  on  canvas,  38.0  x  44.0  cm;  Gift  of  the  Art  Gallery  of  South  Australia  Foundation  assisted  by  Frank  and  Mary  Choate  2008  ©  André  Lhote  licensed  by  VISCOPY,  Australia,  2009    

• What  shapes  can  you  see  in  this  painting?  Notice  how  these  shapes  are  often  repeated.  • Use  the  information  provided  on  the  golden  mean,  and  explain  how  it  has  been  used  in  Lhote’s  

painting.    • Compare  and  contrast  Lhote’s  painting  with  Mirmande  by  Dorrit  Black    

   

 

Dorrit  Black,  Australia,  1891-­‐1951,  Mirmande,  1928,  Mirmande,  Drôme,  France,  oil  on  canvas,  60.0  x  73.8  cm,  Elder  Bequest  Fund  1940,  Art  Gallery  of  South  Australia,  Adelaide  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Page 4: Dorrit Black Handout - Weebly

Year  10  Dorrit  Black  Landscape  Painting  

 Your  task  is  to  create  a  landscape  painting  based  on  the  compositional  and  painting  techniques  of  Dorrit  Black.      You  will  be  required  to  complete  research,  ideation,  a  final  painting  and  a  practitioner's  statement.      RESEARCH  Complete  the  in  class  activities  of  identifying  the  golden  mean  and  the  Black  and  Lhote  comparison.      Begin  by  researching  Dorrit  Black.  Include  images  of  her  painting  work  with  annotations.  Your  annotations  should  include  analysis  of  Black's  composition  (golden  mean)  and  her  use  of  colour  and  technique.  Do  not  retell  what  is  in  the  image  or  whether  or  not  you  like  the  painting.    (2  pages)      IDEATION    Begin  to  take  a  series  of  your  own  photographs  to  use  in  your  final  painting.  Include  these  in  your  sketchbook  with  annotations.  You  may  compose  a  fabricated  landscape.  Eg.  Use  the  photographs  from  one  image  and  the  hills  from  another.  (2  pages  minimum)    Here  you  will  begin  to  experiment  with  painting  techniques  and  colour  matching.  Use  Dorrit  Black's  paintings  as  a  reference  for  the  use  of  colour  in  your  own  painting.  (Teacher  demonstration  of  colour  and  technique)    • Complete  a  series  of  colour  matching  samples  (2  Pages  minimum)    •  Complete  a  series  of  thumbnail  sketches  of  possible  ideas.    (2  Pages  minimum).        Manipulation  of  your  subject  matter  (size/scale  of  trees  etc)  will  need  to  occur  to  adhere  to  the  golden  mean      

• Complete  a  small  mock  up  in  your  sketchbook  with  painting  samples      FINAL  PAINTING    Sketch  your  composition  onto  your  canvas  and  complete  using  acrylic  paint.      PRACTITIONER'S  STATEMENT    A  250word  practitioner's  statement  is  to  be  placed  in  your  sketchbook  along  side  your  final  work.        

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