Download - 05 Life Changes 2010
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Stress in everyday life
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Stress as a
bodily response
Sources of
stress
Stress
management
Individual
Differences
Workplace
StressorsLife
Changes
Psychological
Approaches
Physiological
Approaches
Bodys response
to stressors Stress and
Immune System
Stress andCardiovascular
System
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Define life changes
Describe APFCC for a study into life changesas a source of stress
Apply your knowledge to exam questions
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What are the big life changes that lead to
stress and stress-related illness?
What are the daily hassles that lead to stressand stress-related illness?
Which are more important?
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Describe how the SRRS was devised.
Describe and evaluate Rahe et als 1970 study
into life changes and illness. Use the alternative idea of daily hassles and
uplifts to evaluate the life changes research.
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Events (such as divorce or bereavement) that
necessitate a significant adjustment in
various aspects of a persons life. As such,they can be seen as significant sources of
stress
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43 life events taken from 5000 patient
records.
400 participants gave numerical values toeach in terms of amount or readjustment
needed compared to marriage.
Each event assigned 0-100 life change units
(LCUs) based on average scores.
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Rank Life event (LCU)1 Death of a spouse (100)2 Divorce (73)3 Marital separation (65)4 Jail term (63)5 Death of a close family member (63)6 Personal injury or illness (50)
7 Marriage (53)8 Fired at work (47)9 Marital reconciliation (45)10 Retirement (45)
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To use the SRRS to testHolmes and Rahes
hypothesis that the number of life events
experienced are positively correlated withillness, and to specifically look at a normal
population.
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Significant, positivecorrelation (+0.118)
between LCU andillness.
Significant meansalthough small it is
very unlikely to bedue to chance.
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Do life changes cause physical illness?
Is it stress that is causing the illness?
Are positive changes as bad as negativeones?
How important do life changes seem to becompared to other possible causes of illness?
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Supports link between life changes andphysical illness.
Link may be stress life changes causestress and stress causes illness.
Change seems to be important, notnegativity.
As correlation is not perfect, life eventscannot be the only factor in contributing toillness.
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Problems with recall of life events?
Individual Differences?
Correlation and causality Is sample valid?
Is SRRS valid? Other scales?
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1. Describe howHolmes and Rahe (1967) devised theSRRS. (3)
2.What is the culture criticism of this process? (2)3. What question did Rahe et al (1970) ask when theyused the SRRS in research on US Navy personnel? (1)
4. What is important about the size of their sample? (2)
5. What type of correlation did they find between lifechange units and illness? (2)6. What was their conclusion? (2)
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How hassled are you?
In what way is this approach better than life
changes?
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DeLongis et al. (1988)
What are dailyhassles and uplifts?
Findings: Found a significant positive
correlation of +0.59 between hassles and
next-day illness.
What is the conclusion?
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DeLongis et al. (1988)
Findings: Found a significant positivecorrelation of +0.59 between hassles and
next-day illness.
Conclusions: Daily hassles may be a better
predictor of stress than life events.They areclearly not the only factor, but this is a fairlystrong correlation.
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Jacobs andCharles (1980).
Families of children with cancer and acontrol group filled out life-change
questionnaires cancer group had more life
changes.
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A study of life changes as a source of stress (Rahe et al, 1970)Procedures: A military version of the SRRS was given to all the
men aboard three US Navy cruisers, a total of over 2, 700 men.The men filled in the questionnaire just before a tour of duty,noting all the life events experienced over the previous 6
months. An illness score was calculated on the basis of thenumber, type and severity of all illnesses recorded during thetour of duty (about 6 months).
Findings: An LCU score and an illness score was calculated foreach man. Rahe et al. found a positive correlation betweenthese scores of +0.118.This is not a very strong correlationbecause stressful life events and incidence of physical illness.However, given the number of participants involved, it issignificant.