Download - 1 - Statoil
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
1/38
Status: Draft
Statoils business area
Statoil module Field Development - MEK4450 - 2011
Magnus Nordsveen
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
2/38
Status: Draft
Content 1st lecture
1st hour
Oil & gas reserves
Statoils current operations
Statoils strategy
2nd hour
Example of a field development
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
3/38
Status: Draft
Oil reserves 2006 (Source: Oil & Gas Journal)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Oil_Reserves.png -
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
4/38
Status: Draft
Alboudwarej et al. Highlighting heavy oil. Oilfield Review. 2006
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
5/38
Status: Draft
Proven Gas Reserves at end of 2004(PESA news, August/September 2005)
Russia: 24%Iran: 16%Qatar: 14%.
.
.Norway: 1.6%
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
6/38
Status: Draft
0 %
10 %
20 %
30 %
40 %
50 %60 %
70 %
80 %
90 %
100 %
Russi
a
Iran
Qata
r
Sa
udiArab
ia
Un
itedS
tate
s
Ab
u-Dha
bi
Niger
ia
Ve
nezue
la
Alger
ia
Ind
onesia
Iraq
Au
stralia
Chin
a
Tu
rkme
nistan
Norwa
y
Ma
laysia
Egy
pt
Ka
zakhsta
n
Kuwa
it
Uz
bekista
n
Ca
nada
Libya
Az
erbaija
n
Ne
therland
s
India
Ukrain
e
Pa
kistan
Boliv
ia
Oma
n
Ro
mania
Proven gas reserves are fairly concentrated
Source: Cedigaz
CIS
29,5 %
Middle East
40,9 %
North Africa
4,5 %
Sub-Saharan Africa
3,5 %
Asia
7,1 %
Latin America
4,5 % North America
5,2 %
Europe
2,9 %
OECD Pacific
1,8 %
but unconventional gas could change this picture
1,6%
30 biggest gas producing countries shares of global proven gas reserves
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
7/38
Status: Draft
Definitions (1)
Oil in place: Total estimated oil in an oil reservoir
Oil reserves: Producible fraction of Oil in place
Recovery factor: Ratio Oil reserves/Oil in place
Average recovery factor in world for conventional oil: ~30%
Presently estimated recovery factor for Oil sand in Canada: ~10%
Current recovery factor from oil fields in Norway: ~47%
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
8/38
Status: Draft
Definitions (2)
Barrel of oil equivalent (boe):
Energy released by burning one barrel of crude oil: ~1.7 MWh( 1 barrel ~ 159 litres = 0.159 m3)
Corresponds to about 165 m3 natural gas: ~1000 barrels
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
9/38
Status: Draft
Value of oil and gas
Price for 1 barrel oil: ~100$
Price for 1 boe gas (165 m3): ~50$
World oil reserves: 1200 Milliarder barrels World gas reserves: 1080 Milliarder boe
=> Value of oil is about 2 times value of gas
(CAPEX & OPEX not included)
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
10/38
Status: Draft
Task and references
Task: Discuss uncertainties in reserves due to:
recovery factor/enhanced oil recovery
measurement/estimation techniques
political factors
etc.
References (internet):
BP Statistical Review Oil and Gas Journal World Oil etc.
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
11/38
Status: Draft
Content 1st lecture
1st hour
Oil & gas reserves
Statoils current operations
Statoils strategy
2nd hour
Example of a field development
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
12/38
Status: Draft
Statoils current operations
Present in 34 countries
Angola: Largest production outside Norway
Russia: Development of Shtokman gas field
Brazil: Peregrino production started (Heavy oil) Gulf of Mexico: Deep water gas and oil fields
USA: Shale gas Skifer gass
Canada: Oil sand
UK: Wind mill farms
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
13/38
Status: Draft
Angola
Operated in Angola almost 20 years
Partners in 8 producing fields
Current: 170.000 boe/d
Pazflor field started production this summer(expected production of 47.000 boe/d)
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
14/38
Status: Draft
Russia
Partner in Kharyaga oil field
Currently 30.000 boe/d
Shtokman gas field developmentPartner in Phase 1 of development
World biggest offshore gas fields (~3 times Troll field)
550 km from shore
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
15/38
Status: Draft
Brazil
Peregrino largest operated field outside Norway
Heavy oil
Two production platforms
30 production wells FPSO
Total system simulation
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
16/38
Status: Draft
Gulf of Mexico
Partner in more than 400 licences
Deep waters (2000-3000 m)
Presalt (Large oil reservoir buried below thick salt layers)
Viscous oil Currently low recovery (10-12%)
Large challenges large potential
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
17/38
Status: Draft
Statoils key figures
Statoils production in 2010 was ~1.9 million boe/d
Oil: 1.121 million boe/d
Gas: 0.767 million boe/d
Production from outside Norway: ~0.5 million boe/d ~50% of Statoils resource base is outside Norway
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
18/38
Status: Draft
Some more numbers
Oil and gas: Snhvit gas reserves: 193 billion m3 gas Value = 290 milliarder NOK
Ormen Lange gas reserves: 300 billion m3 gas Value = 450 milliarder NOK
Aldous Major & Avaldnes: 500-1200 million boe Value = 250-600 milliarder NOK
Troll gas field: 1300 billion m3 gas (biggest gas field on NCS)
Statfjord oil field: 3500 million boe (biggest oil field on NCS)
New energy:
88 Sharingham Shoal windmills will produce each 3.6 MWh (~2 boe) can power 220.000British homes
Statoils daily gas & oil production correspond to energy from ~40.000 windmills
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
19/38
Status: Draft
Content 1st lecture
1st hour
Oil & gas reserves
Statoils current operations
Statoils strategy
2nd hour
Example of a field development
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
20/38
Status: Draft
Statoils strategy
1. Maximise the potential on the Norwegian Continental Shelf (NCS)
Tie ins to existing fields/infrastructure
Increase the recovery (Subsea processing, etc)
New independent discoveries (E.g: In Barents sea, Nordland)
2. International growth
Conventional gas and oil
Unconventional gas and oil
3. Increase our engagement in renewal energy
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
21/38
Status: Draft
Challenges
Find new oil and gas fields
Enhanced recoverySmart wells (horizontal, zones, branched)
Water/gas injection wells to maintain reservoir pressure
ESPs (pumps in wells)
Sub sea processing
TransportMultiphase to receiving facility (floater/shore)
Single phase to market
Deep waters, Harsh environment, Arctic
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
22/38
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
23/38
Status: Draft
Challenges
Viscocity pressure drop
Why?
Wax precipitation
Depends on composition
No problem for high GORgas condensate fields (Shtokman, Luva)
Hydrates (water + gas) ~20 oC at high pressures
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
24/38
Status: Draft
Gas condensate long range transport < 500 km
Challenges:
Pressure drop
Liquid accumulations in inclinations at low rates
Surges and slug catchers Hydrates (water+gas)
Rough seabed estimated pipeline profile
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
25/38
Status: Draft
Pressure drop liquid accumulation
High flow rate: Pressure drop is friction dominated Low flow rate: Pressure drop is gravity dominated due to liquid accumulation in
upward inclined sections of the flowline
0
50
100
150
200
250
0 5 10 15 20
Production rate [MSm3/d]
Pressure
drop
[bar]
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
30000
35000
40000
45000
Liquidcontent[m3]
Pressure drop
Liquid content [m3]
Frictiondominated
Gravitydominated
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
26/38
Status: Draft
Task: Pressure drop calculation gravitydominated flow
Flow line over 100 m hill
Holdup in uphill section: 30 %
Holdup in downhill section: 0.3 %
Density of condensate: 675 kg/m3 Neglect gas
Neglect frictional pressure drop
Find pressure drop between 1 and 2
Compare with single phase flow calculation(100% holdup in upward and downward inclined sections)
1 2
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
27/38
Status: Draft
Oil field long range transport < 200 km
Currently < 50 km
Challenges: Wax, hydrates
Current solution:
Keep temperature above hydrate temp.(insulation or insulation + heating)
Pigging for wax
Future alternative: Cold flow
Transport with particles without settling on wall/plugging
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
28/38
Status: Draft
Heavy oil transport < 50 km
Challenges:High oil viscosity and emulsions =>
High pressure drop
Viscosity is very sensitive totemperature
Potential large problems during shutinsand cooldown
Current solutions for shorter distances:Production with large water cut (water
continuous oil/water mixture)
Dilution with lighter oilOutcirculation with non viscous fluid
during shutins
Athabasca Bitumen, Canada (8.6oAPI)
1
10
100
1000
10000
100000
1000000
10000000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Temperature (oC)
Oi
lViscosity(cp)
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
29/38
Status: Draft
Tie backs to floater/shore:Subsea production and long range multiphase flow transport
Oil reservoirs
Gas reservoirs
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
30/38
Status: Draft
Statoil New Energy
Offshore wind
Carbon capture and storage
Geothermal energy, Biofuel and Hydrogen
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
31/38
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
32/38
Status: Draft
Sheringham Shoal Offshore Wind Farm
Scira Offshore Energy Ltd.(Statkraft + Statoil)
50 years lease agreement with TheCrown Estate
Sheringham Shoal
Wind Farm
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
33/38
Status: Draft
Project Highlights
Installed capacity 317 MW35 km2 wind farm appr. 20 km off thecoast
Water depth 17m 22m88 wind turbine generators, each 3.6
MWStart delivering power to grid August2011
Wind Farm Highlights
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
34/38
Status: Draft34 - Classification: Internal 2010-11-24
Dogger Bank Asset for growth
Target 9 GW production,potential to increase to 13 GW
Area: 8660km2 (3343 squaremiles)
Distance from shore: 125-290km (77-180 miles)
Water depth: 18-63 m (59 to206 ft)
High wind speeds >10 m/saverage wind speed across thezone
DOGGER BANK KEY FACTS
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
35/38
Status: Draft
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
36/38
Status: Draft
Cost of Energy could reach grid parity in high cost
electricity markets during the next decade
Potential for further cost reduction
Lighter / cheaper turbines
Mass production
Supply chain developmentImproved installation methods
-
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
37/38
Status: Draft
References for Statoil
www.statoil.com
Statoil in Brief: 2010/11 (brochure)
http://www.statoil.com/http://www.statoil.com/ -
7/29/2019 1 - Statoil
38/38
Thank you