10/16
Objective: What are the properties of carbohydrates?
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Chapter 5: The Molecules of Life
Do Now: What is a small molecular unit called? A chain of repeating units?
Carbohydrates
• carbohydrate: organic compound made up of sugar molecules
• Sugars contain C,H,O
Type of Sugar: Monosaccharides
• monosaccharide: simple sugar that contains just one sugar unit– Glucose, fructose
Ex: glucose:– Used to make energy in
cells
Type of Sugar: Disaccharides• disaccharide: “double
sugar”; two monosaccharides combined by dehydration synthesis
Ex: sucrose: most common; made of glucose and fructose– Ex: Table sugar
Ex: Lactose (glucose + galactose)
Polysaccharides• polysaccharide: long polymer
chains made up of simple sugar molecules– Complex carbohydrates (starch)
Examples of Polysaccharides• starch: found in plant cells
and consists entirely of glucose monomers
Examples of Polysaccharides
• glycogen: found in animals that act as a storage for excess sugar– Chain of many glucose
monomers– In humans, most glycogen is
stored in liver and muscle cells and break down when the body needs energy
Cellulose• cellulose: protect plant
cells and stiffens plant– Many glucose
monomers– AKA: FIBER