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Standards and StandardizationNewell Hampson-Jones, Education Sector Representative, British Standards Institution
25th November, 2011
Produced in Collaboration with:Dr Eujin Pei, FRSADe Montfort University
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What are standards?
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Before Standardization
• c. 3000 BC – c. 1500 BC Indus Valley Civilization First to develop uniform weights and measures
• c. 80–70 BC – c. 15 BC Marcus Vitruvius Pollio ‘The first engineer’
• 1215 Magna Carta Clause 35 established consistent measures
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The Birth of Standardization
• Industrial Revolution
• 1841 – Sir Joseph Whitworth
• 1850 onwards – The birth of the railways
• 1895 – Henry Skelton
• 1901 – Sir John Wolfe-BarryImage: Tom Curtis /
FreeDigitalPhotos.net
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History of BSI
1900
2010
1946
Founder member of ISO
1929
Granted Royal Charter
1901
Engineering Standards Committee founded in London
1903
Kitemark introducedFirst StandardsBS 1 published
1931
Renamed BSI
1959
First laboratories opened
1964
Founder Member of CEN & CENELEC
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Types of Standard
Low High
ControlTim
eInt’l
Standards
(ISO)
European Standards (EN)
Publicly Available Specifications (PAS)
Private Standards
British Standards (BS)
Corporate Technical Specifications
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• Proposal for new work• Project acceptance• Drafting• Public Comment• Approval• Publication• Review
The Standardization Process
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• European standards body
• Differences in process
• Adoption by Weighted vote
European Committee for
Standardization (CEN)
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• International (global) standards body
• One member, one vote.
• Final Draft International Standard
International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
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Picture source: http://www.chinaiceberg.com/about/attachment/berg0013
Standards and
Innovation
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Blind, K.., Gauch, S., (2007). “Standardization Benefits Researchers.” Wissenschaftsmanagement Special, 2007 (2), pp. 16-17
Standards and Innovative Research
Standards in the research and innovation process, by Blind & Gauch
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Bakal, M., (2011). Challenges and Opportunities For The Medical Device Industry: Meeting The New IEC 62304 Standard RTC, [online] Available at:<http://rtcmagazine.com/articles/view/102203>.
Bakal’s typical stages both software and hardware teams use for analysis, design, implementation, and testing.
Using Standards to Design & Engineer
Innovation
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Using Standards to Design & Engineer
Innovation
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Testing• Snapshot in time
• Susceptible to golden sampling
• “The sample submitted complied with the requirements of EN XXXX”
Certification• More than just a
test or quality control system
• Many certification and testing bodies in the UK
• UKAS (United Kingdom Accreditation Service)
Testing and Certification
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Using Standards to Design & Engineer
Innovation
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CE Mark
• Conformity to New Approach Directives
• Not a quality mark
• Mandatory in the EU
• BSI cannot give authority to apply the CE marking
• It is illegal to use the CE marking on a product that is outside the scope of all the New Approach directives.
Kitemark is…• Owned exclusively by BSI
• Issued under Licence
• 3rd party voluntary mark of quality and safety
The Process• Pre-Audit visit
• Initial Assessment visit
• Type Testing of new product
• Initial assessment report
• Award of Kitemark
• Continuing assessment visits
• Audit testing
CE and the Kitemark®
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Using Standards to Design & Engineer
Innovation
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Source
:http
://cod
yra
pol.co
m/in
tern
et/im
ag
es/it-w
asn
t-an-ice
berg
-that-sa
nk-th
e-tita
nic/
…could Standards have saved the Titanic?
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Useful Standards for Engineers
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British Standards and GPS
The Controlling Standards
• BS 8887 Specification for the preparation, content and structure of design output for manufacture, assembly, disassembly and end of life processing (MADE)
• BS 8888 Technical Product Specification
• BS 8889 Contribution to specification process; data collection; decision rules; instrumentation, calibration, uncertainty / traceability.
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The Elements
of an Engineering Drawing
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Geometric Product Specifications
“Within BS 8888, Geometric Product Specification (GPS), provides the link between design intent and metrology. It is the international specification language that communicates component functional requirements, defines a common datum system, controls tooling, assembly, and verification interfaces, ensuring compliance with a uniform international standard. The system is:
Designed and developed by engineers for engineers A shorthand language for the engineering industry Clear, consistent, and unambiguous Applies across the entire design, manufacture and quality processes”
A language for specification and verification of technical requirements
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Geometrical
Product
Specification
±0,05
30
Ø
A
-0,3
0,05 A B C
SIMn/A=10/50mm2
Ø16 H8 ( )16,02716,000GPS
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• a systematic methodology
• complete and unambiguous
• covers specification and verification of workpiece geometry
• mathematically consistent
• rigorously defined
• documented in a series of interlinked ISO standards
Ø
A
-0,3
0,05 A B CSIMn/A=10/50mm216 H8 ( )16,02716,000
±0,0530
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Why do we need GPS?
• With greater precision and accuracy interpretation become more significant
• CAD, CAM and CAQ systems demand formal mathematical definitions
• Globalisation
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Why do we need GPS?
The British Standards Committee for GPS estimates that manufacturing industry wastes between 15% and 20% of production costs due to problems with technical product specifications. Globally, this adds up to £1.5 trillion every year.
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Effective use of GPS leads to…
• improved fit and function of parts
• reduced production costs
• better quality
• better product reliability
• less scrap
• fewer disputes over compliance
• faster time-to-market
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Name: Newell Hampson-Jones
Title: Education Sector Representative
Address: BSI
389 Chiswick High Road
London
W4 4AL
Telephone: 020 8996 7227 / 07767 886 713
Email: [email protected]
Links: www.bsigroup.com / www.bsieducation.org
Contact