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©Black & Veatch Holding Company 2015. A
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Table of Contents i
Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 BackgroundandScopeofWork..........................................................................................................12.0 2014WaterAuditandWaterLossOverview................................................................................3
2.1 WaterLossControlImprovementsintheAuditYear................................................................32.2 EstimatedWaterSavings.......................................................................................................................42.3 AWWAWaterBalanceAnalysisOverview.....................................................................................42.4 WaterLossStandardsandReductionStrategies.........................................................................6
3.0 DataAnalysis..........................................................................................................................................114.0 WaterTreatmentPlantLosses.........................................................................................................255.0 Results.......................................................................................................................................................37
5.1 RealWaterLossGoals..........................................................................................................................375.2 ApparentWaterLossGoal..................................................................................................................38
6.0 Recommendations................................................................................................................................396.1 RecommendedBestPracticeImprovements.............................................................................406.2 EconomicAnalysisofLosses.............................................................................................................47
AppendixA. ImplementationPlan.............................................................................................................49AppendixB. WaterAuditReport................................................................................................................61AppendixC. WaterUsePermit....................................................................................................................63
LIST OF TABLES Table2‐1 StandardAWWAWaterBalanceAnalysis......................................................................................4Table2‐2 DetailsofSelectedKeyPerformanceIndicators..........................................................................8Table3‐1 Miami‐DadeWaterandSewerDepartmentWaterTreatedandWaterSales..............13Table3‐2 WaterSuppliedValidationGrading................................................................................................14Table3‐3 AuthorizedConsumptionValidationGrading............................................................................15Table3‐4 WaterLossesValidationGrading....................................................................................................17Table3‐5 LeakDetectionEquipmentSummary............................................................................................18Table3‐6 SystemDataValidationGrading......................................................................................................20Table3‐7 OperatingCostDetails2014..............................................................................................................20Table3‐8 RetailUnitCostCY2013.....................................................................................................................21Table3‐9 FY2014WaterVolumetricRate......................................................................................................22Table3‐10 VariableProductionCost2014........................................................................................................23Table3‐11 CostDataValidationGrading............................................................................................................23Table4‐1 WTPCapacitiesandFlows.................................................................................................................25Table4‐2 SummaryofBiscayneAquiferWellfields.....................................................................................25Table4‐3 SummaryofFloridanAquiferWellfields......................................................................................26Table4‐4 AlexOrrWTPRawWaterFlows......................................................................................................28
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
ii APRIL 2015
Table4‐5 Hialeah&PrestonWTPsCombinedRawWaterFlows..........................................................30Table4‐6 OrrWTPTreatedvs.RawWaterFlows........................................................................................33Table4‐7 VenturiMeterCalibrationResults:RawandFinishedWater.............................................36Table5‐1 PerformanceIndicatorsFY2014....................................................................................................37Table6‐1 ExampleMeterVolumeWarranties...............................................................................................45Table6‐2 AWWAStandardFlowTestRanges...............................................................................................46
LIST OF FIGURES Figure2‐1 WaterAuditsoftwareforCY2014.....................................................................................................5Figure2‐2 TheStandardIWAWaterBalance......................................................................................................7Figure3‐1 ExampleMeterAccuracyAnalysisofDegradingMeters(below90%
accuracy)from20125/8‐inchmetertests.................................................................................17Figure3‐2 AverageLengthofServiceLine,MeterattheCurbStop(Source:AWWA
Software)...................................................................................................................................................19Figure4‐1 AlexOrrWTPRawWaterFlows......................................................................................................29Figure4‐2 Hialeah/PrestonCombinedRawWaterFlows..........................................................................31Figure4‐3 PrestonWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows....................................31Figure4‐4 HialeahWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows....................................32Figure4‐5 Hialeah/PrestonWTPsCombinedDifferencebetweenTreatedandRaw
WaterFlows.............................................................................................................................................32Figure4‐6 OrrWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows.............................................34Figure6‐1 ExamplePressureLoggerInstallation..........................................................................................44
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Introduction 1
1.0 Introduction TheSouthFloridaWaterManagementDistrict(SFWMDorDistrict)requiredtheMiami‐DadeWaterandSewerDepartment(MDWASD)toprepareanannualstatusreportofits20‐yearWaterLossReductionPlanimplementation,perLimitingCondition49oftheMiami‐DadeCountyWaterUsePermit‐PermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐Wof16July,2012.TheDepartmentretainedBlack&VeatchCorp(Black&Veatch)topreparethe2014AnnualWaterLossReductionPlanImplementationStatusReport(2014AnnualStatusReport)andprovideassistancewiththePlanimplementationin2014.Thisdocumentisthe2014AnnualStatusReport,whichincludeswaterauditsasrequiredbyLimitingCondition49oftheformerWaterUsePermit.
TheMDWASDwatersystemconsistsofthreeregionalwatertreatmentplants(WTPs),theSouthDadeWaterSystem(aseriesofwellfieldsandfivesmalltreatmentfacilities),treatedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilities,andapproximately7,700milesofwatertransmissionanddistributionpipelines.TheregionalfacilitiesaretheHialeah,JohnE.Preston,andAlexanderOrr,Jr.WTPs,whichhaveatotalcombineddesignedratedtreatmentcapacityof473MGD.TheHialeahandPrestonplantsservethenorthpartofthesystem,theAlexOrrplantservesthecentralpartofthesystem,andfivesmallwellfieldsandtreatmentfacilities,referredtoastheSouthDadeWaterSystemthatservesthesouthernmostpartoftheCounty.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemhasapermittedtreatmentcapacityof14.19MGDcollectivelyandconsistsof12wellssituatedintheLeisureCity(fourwells),Everglades(threewells),ElevatedTank(twowells),Newton(twowells),andNaranja(onewell)wellfields.
Distributionoffinishedwaterthroughouttheserviceareaisaccomplishedwiththeuseofsevenremotefinishedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilitiesaswellasstorageandpumpingstationslocatedatthewatertreatmentfacilities.Thewatersystemservesapproximately447,722retailcustomers,and15wholesalecustomersinaserviceareaofapproximately400squaremiles
Theoverallannualaveragedailyflowoftheentiresystemisapproximately302MGD.Rawwatersupplyforthethreetreatmentplantsiscurrentlydrawnfrom83Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedinthemajorwellfields(MiamiSprings,Northwest,West,Southwest,andSnapperCreek)andseveralwellsonsiteatthethreetreatmentplants.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemisservedby12Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedatthefivesmallerwellfieldsmentionedabove.
TwonewWTPswillprovideadditionalcapacitytothewatersystem.ThenewHialeahReverseOsmosis(RO)WTPisownedjointlybytheCityofHialeahandMDWASD.TheROplantwillhaveaninitialtreatmentcapacityof10MGDanditisdesignedtohaveanultimatecapacityof17.5MGD.TherawwatersourceforthisplantwillbethebrackishUpperFloridanaquifer.TheHialeahROWTPcommencedservicein2014.TheproposedSouthMiamiHeightsWTPwillreplacethreeofthesmalltreatmentplantsoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Thisplantwillbea20MGDmembranesofteningandROplantandwillhavethecapacitytotreatwaterfromboththeBiscayneandFloridanaquifers.Thisplantisscheduledtogointoservicein2019.
1.1 BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WORK TheDepartment’s20‐yearWaterLossReductionPlanwasbasedonanevaluationoftheDepartment’swatersupplyanddemandforFiscalYear(FY)2005.OnNovember15,2007,theSFWMDapprovedandissuedtheDepartmentitsConsolidatedPublicWaterSupply(PWS)WaterUsePermit(WUP)‐WaterUsePermitNo.13‐00017‐W.
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
2 APRIL 2015
InDecember2009,theDepartmentsubmittedanapplicationforapermitmodificationtotheSFWMDpertainingtotheDepartment’salternativewatersupplyplan.Themodificationswererequestedasaresultofthelowerdemandsexperiencedandpopulationprojections.
InNovember2010,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐Wwhichexpiresin2030.
InMay2011,theDepartmentsubmittedasecondapplicationforasecondpermitmodificationtoSFWMDpertainingtotheDepartment’salternativewatersupplyplan.Theproposedmodificationswererequestedbasedoncurrentwaterusereductions,asaresultofthelowerthananticipatedpopulationgrowth,waterlossreductionandthesuccessfulimplementationoftheDepartment’sWaterConservationPlan,andpermanenttwodayaweeklandscapeirrigationrestrictionsbycountywideordinance.TheCounty’sfinishedwaterdemandisnowapproximately40milliongallonsperday(MGD)lowerthanwhatwasanticipatedwhenthefirst20‐yearwaterusepermitapplicationwassubmittedin2007,andthisdemandreductionhaseliminatedtheanticipatedsupplyshortagewhichwasthebasisforanambitiousscheduleofseveralcostlynear‐termalternativewatersupplyprojects.
InJuly16,2012,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐WwhichexpiresinDecember16,2030.AcopyoftherevisedWUPisincludedinAppendixC.
InFebruaryof2015,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐000017‐WwhichexpiresonFebruary9,2035.
TheWaterLossReductionPlanrecommendedrealandapparentwaterlossmitigationapproachesoverthenext20yearswithcorrespondingmonetarysavingsandimplementationschedulerecommendations.TheschedulesoftherealandapparentwaterlossreductionactivitiesarepresentedinAppendixAasExhibits17Aand17BoftherevisedWUP.Thetablesalsoprovidetheanticipatedannualwatersavingsandassociatedannualvalueofwatersavingsforthewaterlossreductionactivities.KeyrequirementsoftheWaterLossReductionPlanare:
Quarterlydeterminationofdistributionsystemlosses
AnnualreportingofdistributionsystemlossesonApril30ofeachyearforthepreviouscalendaryear
Determinationoflossesineachwatertreatmentplant(WTP)
WaterauditsinaccordancewithIWA/AWWAstandardmethodologies
Plannedannualreportingofwaterlossreductionactivitiesandexpenditures,alongwithassociatedwatersavingsforthesubsequentcalendaryear
Annualreportingofwaterlossreductiontrendsandchangesfromthepreviousyear
AnnualreportingofadditionalwaterlossreductionactivitiesifwaterlossesasdefinedbyAWWAmethodologyexceedtenpercent.
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview 3
2.0 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview BothrealandapparentlossesareveryimportanttotheDepartment,specificallyleakageofmains,andservicelines,theaccuracyofmetersandtheinteraction/analysisofthecustomerbillingsystem.TheDepartmentcontinuouslyisimplementingimprovementsthatcanbemadetoenhancerevenueandimproveefficiency.In2014,1,240waterleakswererepairedaspro‐activeleakdetectionmeasurescontinuetobeimproved.
2.1 WATER LOSS CONTROL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AUDIT YEAR
2.1.1 Validation of Results
MDWASDhasincreasedandimproveditseffortsoverthepastcalendaryeartomoreaccuratelyunderstandandauditallthevariableswithintheAWWAstandardwateraudit.Inordertomakeinformeddecisionsasignificantamountofmetertesting,analysisofleakageandwatersupplieshasimprovedthevalidation.TheestimatedvalidationutilizingtheAWWAgradinghasdecreasedfrom77to75(outof100)between2013and2014.Whilethisisadecreaseingradingitsignifiesabetterunderstandingofcertainvariablesincludingaslightlymoreaccuratedescriptionofgradinginthefinancialauditofthesystemandunbilledmeteredusage.Thisresultsinimprovementinthelevelofunderstandingofthewatersystem.
2.1.2 Leakage Reduction
In2014therehasbeenacontinuedfocusonleakagereduction.Theleakagecontrolgrouphasincreasedthefrequencyofsurveysandcontinuednightshiftworktogetaccesstositesnotnormallypossibletosurveyduringtheday(busyintersections,etc.).Pilotschemesevaluatingautomationofleakagedetectionactivitieshavealsobeeninitiatedbytestingacousticleaknoiseloggersconnectedtodatacollectorsystems.Theoperationsgrouphasalsocontinuedtoreviewthelocationsofdifferenttypesofleakageinordertobetterunderstandthenatureofleakagewithrespecttopipematerialandsize.Thishasalsoledtothestartofamajordualmainreplacementprojectwhichtargetssmallgalvanizedservicelineswhicharelocalizedinalleywaysorbehindhomes.
In2014,1,240waterleakswererepairedasaresultofthewaterleakdetectioncrewsefforts.Thehighnumberofleakslocatedcanpartiallybeattributedtoamoreintensiveloggerplacementstrategy.
Thewaterleakdetectionprogramwasreconfiguredin2000.Thecrewhasbeenreducedtoninefull‐timestaffastheequipmentbecomesmorereliable(increasedefficiency).Thesystemisbrokenintofourterritoriesforacousticsurvey.Theteamsworkfromsouthtonorthandreportedlycompletethesystemsurveyonceevery10months.Theterritoriesaredefinedas;south,centraleast,centralwest,andnorth.
Currentlyallsurveyingiscompletedbyloggers.Overtimestaffhasdecreasedthespacingbetweenloggerssetforlift‐and‐shiftsurveying.Whatstartedoutas1000’intervalswasreducedto500’.Whenthespacingwasreducedto100’,thenumberofleaksdetectedincreasedasmorequietandserviceleakswereidentified.Manyoftheleaksthatledtothisincreaseinnumberoffailuresdeterminedwerearesultofservicelineleakswhereleadgoosenecksorpolybutyleneservicelineswerepresent.Leaksarepinpointedon‐sitewithrealtimecorrelatorsandgroundmicrophoneinstrumentation.Thepinpointingequipmentisoperatedbyexperiencedpersonnel.
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
4 APRIL 2015
Inadditiontotheliftandshiftmethodofsurvey,theDepartmenthascompletedanautomated,fixednetworkpilotprogramasawaytosurveyanareaonamorefrequentbasis.
AllleaksarereportedanddocumentedintheGISsystem.Thisinformationismonitoredcloselytodeterminewhetherasectionofwaterlineshouldbescheduledforreplacement.Aspartoftheprocess,thecrewtracksthetimeittakesfromthedaytheleakispinpointedtothetimeofrepair.Repairinformation,whichincludesabasicpipeassessment/failureanalysis,isalsotrackedviaGIS.
2.1.3 Meter Testing and Replacement
Themetertestingprogramhasbeencontinuedin2014includingbothresidentialandincreasedtestingwithregardstocommercialmeters.Allmeters3”andlargerarenowtestedonanannualbasis.Allwholesalemeters(whenpossible)aretestedtwiceperyear.This,coupledwiththecontinuingproductionmetertestingallowstheDepartmenttomoreaccuratelyallocatethelossesshownontheaudit.
2.1.4 Asset Condition Assessment
ThePureTechnologiesconditionassessmentprogramtargetedthelargepre‐stressedconcretecylinder(PCCP)transmissionmains.TheDepartmentiscontinuingtodeploytechnologiesthatpermittheinspectionoflivelineswithoutinterruptingthewaterservices.Watertransmissionlinesarebeinginspectedandconditionassessmentreportsarebeingprovidedtomanagefailureriskofcriticalpipelines.
2.2 ESTIMATED WATER SAVINGS PartoftheWUPistoprovethelevelofwatersavingsandcontinuallyimprovewaterlosscontrolthrough2035.The2014auditanalysisshowsthattheapparentlosseshavestabilizedandanumberofnewprojectsareunderwaytoreducethislevelfurther.Thelevelofsavingsneedstobetrendedovertimetoproveoutthatthesavingsareconsistentandimprovingthesystem’sefficiency.Astheunderstandingofthelosses(bothrealandapparent)improves,theseauditvaluesmaychange.
2.3 AWWA WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ThewaterbalancewascreatedusingtheAWWASoftware,andanalysisofexistingdataprovidedbytheDepartment.The2014dataincomparisonto2011,2012,and2013dataareshownonTable2‐1.Itshouldbenotedthattherearestillafewareaswheredatavalidationneedstobeimprovedtoproveouttheperformanceindicators.
Table 2‐1 Standard AWWA Water Balance Analysis
PERFORMANCEINDICATOR(PI) UNITS 2011 2012 2013 2014
TotalNRW(%byvolume) % 30.2% 27.9% 26.7% 29.1%
ApparentLoss Gallons/conn/day 44 22 22 22
RealLoss Gallons/conn/day 126 120 113 127
AWWAgrading (1‐100) 73 78 77 75
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Miami‐Dad
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
6 APRIL 2015
Section3Analysisofthisreportisstructuredintheformatofthestandardwaterbalance,focusingonthefollowingsections:watersupplied,authorizedconsumption,waterlosses,systemdataandcostdata.TheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©(version5.0)hasbeenusedtocalculatealltherequiredindicators.Thisisthenusedtodevelopanoverallwaterbalance,andrelevantperformanceindicators.Eachvariablehasbeendiscussedandthereasoningbehindeachvaluerecorded.AllvaluesnotedinthissectionhavebeendevelopedfromdataprovidedbyMDWASD,andarefortheCalendarYear2014.
In overview, the data provided by MDWASD appears to be of good quality and validation. Theoveralldatavalidationscoreof75/100isgood.
Thereareanumberofvariablesthatarecurrentlyestimated(includingmeteraccuracy,andunbilledunmeteredwater).AllthedatadevelopedisincludedeitherintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©,orinadditionalspreadsheetsattachedtothismemoinAppendixB.
Thereportedperformanceofapparentlossesofapproximately22gallonsperconnectionperday,thereallossperformanceofapproximately127gallonsperconnectionperday,andInfrastructureLeakageIndexof10.49arerelativelyhigh,butstillwithintherangeofperformanceindicatorsforutilitiesofsimilarsizeandagewithinNorthAmerica.
Itshouldbenotedthatthelevelofrealwaterlosshasincreasedslightlyfrom2013to2014.Thelevelofapparentlosswasrelativelystableandoverallwaterlossreduced.
2.4 WATER LOSS STANDARDS AND REDUCTION STRATEGIES Thissectionpresentscurrentinternationalwaterlossreductionstrategies,andhighlightstheadvantages,disadvantages,andtheirapplicabilitytotheDepartment’ssystem.Inthissectionthefollowingwillbecovered:
Identifycurrentwaterlossreductionstrategies,
Critiqueandhighlightadvantagesanddisadvantagesofidentifiedstrategies,
ComparestrategyimplementationtocurrentDepartmentpolicy,and
Researchstrategyandimplementation.
Waterlossreductionstrategiesarebestbuiltuponcalibratedandstandardizedmodels.Therearetwokindsofauditsthatcanbeperformed:atop‐downwateraudit,andabottom‐upwateraudit.Thefollowingsectionissplitintotwoparts.Thefirstpart,thetop‐downwateraudit,discussesthemodeling/audittoolsandmethodsthatareusedtoproperlyquantifylosses,anddesignthestrategy.Thesecondpart,thebottom‐upwateraudit,discussesinterventiontoolscommonlyusedtoreducelosses.
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview 7
2.4.1 Top‐Down Water Audit
ThefirststepoftheTop‐DownWaterAuditistoidentifyagroupofstakeholderswithintheutilitytoaidwithgatheringtherequireddataforafirstlookattheutilityperformance.Dataisgatheredandenteredinitiallyintoasimplewaterbalancemodel.Thewaterbalancemodelprovidesthelevelofdetailforwhichdataiscurrentlyavailableatthisdesktopanalysis(top‐down)level.Figure2‐2showsthemajorcomponentsofthemostcurrentAWWA/IWAstandardwaterbalancemodel.
Own Sources
Corrected System Input Volume
Water Export
Authorized Consumption
Billed Authorized Consumption
Billed Water Exported
Revenue Water
Water Supply
Billed Metered Consumption
Billed Un‐metered Consumption
Unbilled Authorized Consumption
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Non‐Revenue Water (NRW)
Water Imported
Unbilled Un‐metered Consumption
Water Losses
Apparent Losses
Unauthorized Consumption
Customer Metering Inaccuracies and Data Handling Errors
Real Losses
Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains
Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks
Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering
Figure 2‐2 The Standard IWA Water Balance
Oncedataisgathered,andtheutilitystartsenteringitinthewaterbalancemodel,itislikelythatsomecomponentsoftherequireddataareeithernotavailableorwereoriginallyderivedfromestimatesorengineeringjudgments.Duringthetop‐downauditingprocess,thesecomponentsareassignedarelativelylowdataconfidencelevelthroughastandardizedgradingsystemdevelopedbyAWWAintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©.
Evenwithbasicdata,mostutilitiesfindthattheyareabletoprepareaninitialwaterbalance.Confidenceorgradinglevelsforeachinputcomponentisrecorded,andthemodelprovidesanaggregatedconfidencelevelforthemainwaterlosscomponentcategories.
Onceanaggregateconfidencelevelisobtained,theutilitycanidentifythecomponentsthatwillhavethelargestimpactonimprovingtheaggregatedconfidenceofeithertheapparentlossvolumeorthereallossvolume.Theseinputcomponentsarethentypicallyprioritizedforfieldvalidationasdiscussedbelow.
2.4.2 Data Validation & Confidence Limits
Thekeytobuildingabusinesscaseforinterventionagainstwaterlossistobaseitonfacts.Buildingabusinesscaseonanecdotalorestimateddatacanresultincostlyinvestmentsthatdonotprovidetheexpectedreturn.Field‐validatingdatacanbeexpensive,butthealternativemaybemoreexpensiveifthewrongdecisionsaremade.
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
8 APRIL 2015
Withoutfieldvalidationofdata,aninterimmeasureincludestheanalysisusingthegradingscaleassociatedwiththeAWWAwaterauditsoftware(AWWA‐Version5.0,2014).Thismeasurementisnotasvalidasafield‐studyaudit.However,itgivesanindicationoftheaccuracyofresults,andwheredatacollectionandwaterlossinvestmentshouldbetargeted.
Currently,MDWASDhasanestimateddataconfidencegradeof75(outof100)ontheAWWAsoftwareforCY2014.Thisgradeisdevelopedthroughestimationofthedatavalidityofeachoftheinputvalues.Asthevalidationofdataimproves,thisgradewillalsoimprove.Thecurrentgradesuggeststhatthedatastillneedtobeimproved,butthatsomehigh‐leveldecisionsontargetingofresourcescanbemadetoimprovethelevelofservice,reducelosses,andenhancerevenue.
Onetypicalplacetobeginfieldvalidationisusuallywiththeassessmentoftheaccuracyofthesupplymeters,andanupdatetothesuppliedvolumeenteredinthemodelfortheauditperiod.Afterinvestigationofthesupplymeters,thenextstepisanassessmentoftheaccuracyofvariouscategoriesofconsumermeters.MDWASDhasconductedcalibrationtestingofallthesupplymetersfromthetreatmentplantsin2012,2013,and2014.Consumermeteraccuracyvalidationisusuallydoneonstatisticallyrepresentativebatchesofmeters.Afinalstepinthisprocessistovalidatethevariousconsumptionvolumes.
2.4.3 Performance Indicators
Anothercomponentofthewaterbalancemodelinadditiontoconfidencelevelsistheexistenceofperformanceindicators(PIs).Thenewstandardauditprovidesperformanceindicatorsforallofthewaterlosscomponents,aswellasforsomeofthebasicfinancialindicators(Table2‐2).Astheauditisrefinedovertime,additionalPIscanbeincorporatedtoexpandthescopeanddepthoftheanalysis.Theuseofvariousindicators,asopposedtotheoldpracticeofusingapercentagelossbasedonthetotalwatersupplied,allowstheutilitytoaccuratelyproducebaselinedata,trackperformance,andsettargetswithpriorityonthecomponentsofwaterlossthatwillreapthemostcosteffectivereturns.
Table 2‐2 Details of Selected Key Performance Indicators
COMPONENT TYPE BASICPI DETAILEDPI
Non‐RevenueWater(NRW)
Financial VolumeofNRWas%ofSystemInputVolume
ValueofNRWas%ofcostofrunningsystem.$forapparentandreallosses.
RealLosses(RL) WaterResources
VolumeofRLas%ofSystemInputVolume
RealLossesSystemOperational
Gallons/serviceconnection/day InfrastructureLeakageIndex(ILI)Definedastheratioofthecurrentannualreallosstotheunavoidableannualrealloss=CARL/UARL
Gallonspermileofmainperday(notusedforMDWASDasnotrelevantforurbanutility)
ApparentLosses(AL)
Operational VolumeofALas%ofSystemInputVolume
Gallons/serviceconnection/year
WaterLosses(WL)
Operational Gallons/serviceconnection/year
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
10 APRIL 2015
ThereareadditionaltargetedPIswhichcanbeusedbyMDWASDtoanalyzespecificareasoftheutility’sbusiness.ThesePIsincludethenumberofzeroreadings,stoppedmeters,andtestingofinaccuratemeters.Theseindicatorscanberecordedandtrendedovertimetoimprovesystemknowledge,efficiency,andaccountability.
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 11
3.0 Data Analysis TheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©(version5.0)hasbeenusedtocalculatealltherequiredindicators.Thisisthenusedtodevelopanoverallwaterbalance,andrelevantperformanceindicatorsfortheutility.ThedetailsofthismethodologyarefoundinAWWAManualM36(WaterAuditsandLossControlPrograms,3rdEdition,2009)andwithintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware.InformationonthevalidationmethodsandrankingsinthesoftwarearecopiedinAppendixB.Thefollowingsectionsarestructuredtofollowtheintheformatofthestandardwaterbalanceasdescribedintheprevioussection2.4anddepictedinFigure2‐2.Thefollowingcategoriesofthereportarethefocusfortheanalysis:
Watersupplied,(allthewaterinputintothesystem,includingimportsandremovingexportedorwholesalewater)
Authorizedconsumption,(meteredandbilledusageandotherauthorizeduses)
Waterlosses,(meterinaccuracies,billingerrors,theftandleakage)
Systemdata,and(milesofmain,pressure,numberofconnections)
Costdata.(totalcostofoperatingthewatersystem,retailunitandvariableproductioncosts)
Eachvariablehasbeendiscussedandthereasoningbehindeachvaluerecorded.Allvaluesnotedinthissectionhavebeendevelopedfromdataprovidedbytheutility,andareforCY2013.
ThisdatawhichisusedtodeterminethefollowinginputsshouldbevalidatedbyMDWASDstaffonaregularbasistoensureinputsareasaccurateaspossible.Additionally,thisauditneedstocontinuetobeconductedonanannualbasistodetermineperformancetrendsandanydataerrors.Thereareanumberofvariablesthatarecurrentlyestimated(includingmeteraccuracy,andunbilledunmeteredwater)asdefinedinthefollowingsubsections.Foramoreaccurateanalysisthesedatapointsshouldbemeasuredinthesystemforfutureaudits.
3.1.1 Water Supplied
Total Water Supplied = 89,582.983 Million gallons
[Calculation:VolumefromOwnSource+Importedwater–Exported(wholesale)water]
Volume from Own Sources
Thisincludesallthevolumefromthewatertreatmentplants.
ThedetailsofproductionutilizedfortheauditwereobtainedbysummarizingSCADApumpagedata.MDWASDprovidedSCADAdatawithdailysystempumpageforboththerawwaterfromthewellsandfortheinfluentandfinishedwaterfromthetreatmentplants.Thispumpagedatawasusedasanapproximationoftheproducedvolume.
Thetotalproducedvolumefor2014wasrecordedas110,364.440milliongallons.
Master Meter Error Adjustment
Noadditionalevaluationoftheelectronicorflowtestcalibrationrecordswereconductedinthisinitialreview.However,analysisoftheAlexanderOrr,Jr.Plant(Orr),HialeahandJohnEPreston(Preston)WaterTreatmentPlantsVenturimeters(Raw)wereanalyzedaswithinallowablelimits
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2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department
12 APRIL 2015
ofaccuracy(av~101%)andtheFinishedwatermeterswereanalyzedaswithinallowablelimitsofaccuracy(av~99.5%).Sinceallthevaluesreviewedarewithinthecalibrationlimitstheassumptionisthatthemetersareaccurateandsothereisnomastermetererroradjustment.
ThetotalmastermetererroradjustmentassignedforCY2014wasrecordedas0milliongallons.
TheDepartmenthasrecentlyimplementedaproductionmetertestingplanthatwillallowmoreaccuratecalculationofmastermetererroradjustmentsforthe2015wateraudit.
Imported Water
In2014,MDWASDimportedwaterfromtwosuppliers–theCityofHomesteadandtheCityofNorthMiamiBeach.TheseprovidewatertolocationswithintheDepartment’ssystemthataredifficulttoreachwiththecurrentpumpingsystem.
Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas152.264milliongallons.Thisvalueincluded19.358milliongallonsfromHomesteadand132.906milliongallonsimportedfromNorthMiamiBeach.
Exported Water
MDWASDsellswatertobothretailandwholesalecustomers.TheMDWASDhas15waterwholesalecustomersandattheendofCY2014.TheMDWASDhas459,202activeandinactiveserviceconnectionsthroughoutthesystem.ThewholesaleusesweresummarizedfromtheMDWASDwholesalerecordsfrommeteredsalesdatafrom2014.Thelistofwholesaleentitiesisshowninthetablebelowwiththeirrespectiveannualusein2014.
Amastermetererroradjustmentforexportedwaterwasestimatedat1.5%withavalidationgradeof5fortheCY2014.The1.5%valuewasestimatedduetoanumberofmetersexpectedtobeattheedgesofthestandardaccuracylimitsduetoage.Thesemetersareannuallytestedandrepaired(ifnecessary),soloweraccuracylevelswerenotestimatedatthistime.TheDepartmenthasimplementedalargecustomermeterassessmentprogramthatwilltargetmeterprofilesandaccuracywhichwillincreasethevalidationscoreandprovidemoredataforaccuracycalculationsfor2015.
Thetotalwatersoldtowholesalecustomersin2014wasrecordedat20,620.469milliongallons.Thisdatawasderivedfromwholesalecustomerinvoicesandcrosscheckedwithbillingspreadsheetsdevelopedforthelargecustomermeterassessmentprogram.
TheDepartmentemploysthreefulltimelargewater(commercialandwholesale)metertestingpersonnel.Thedutiesofthesepersonnelincludewatermetertesting,repairs,installationsattimes,customershut‐offs,andinspections.Eachmetertechnicianisresponsibleforcompletingallnecessarymetertestsintheirgiventerritory.Wholesalemetersaretestedtwiceperyearandmostcommercialorlargecustomermeters(3”+)aretestedannually.TheprotocolemployedbytheDepartmentinsuresthatexperiencedtechniciansaretestingalllargemeters(wherepossible).Eachtechnicianbeginsbytestingsmallermetersbeforegraduatingtolargermetersastheybecomemoreexperienced.
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 13
Table 3‐1 Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department Water Treated and Water Sales
Calendar Year 2014 Units ‐ thousand gallons
WATERSYSTEM
Watersoldbycustomer
Wholesalecustomers
MiamiBeach 7,581,004
Hialeah 7,105,359
NorthMiami 1,823,132
Opa‐Locka 916,486
HialeahGardens 591,156
Medley 481,176
NorthBayVillage 408,685
BalHarbour 398,741
Surfside 314,790
BayHarbor 305,653
WestMiami 270,650
Homestead 216,829
IndianCreekVillage 118,073
VirginiaGardens 87,931
NorthMiamiBeach 806
TotalWholesale 20,620,469
Retail 63,470,026
Totalwatersold 84,090,495
Source: MDWASD
TheDepartmentcompletesalllargemetertestingandrepairsinthefield.Thestandardlargeduelmeterconfigurationincludestwo(type2)turbometers.Thestandardby‐passmeterisa2”turbineorPDmeter.Testsarerununtilatleast100CFofwaterhasregisteredonthetestmeter.Thetechniciansslowlyclosethevalveonthetestertoreducewaterhammerordamagetothetestequipment.Eachregistersvolumeisdocumentedpriortotesting.Itisthendocumentedafteralltestshavebeencompleted.Thisinformation(non‐revenuewater)isthengiventothebillingdepartmentwhopassestheinformationtotheNRWstaffforaccountability.
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14 APRIL 2015
Other Water Supplied Notes
Therearenootherknownwatersupplies,otherthantheASRwellswhichareusedfortesting,butnotconnectedtothesupplysystemcurrently.ThenewHialeahreverseosmosistreatmentplantwasoperationalin2014andprovidedwatertotheMDWASDdistributionsystem.
Table 3‐2 Water Supplied Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
VolumefromOwnSources
8 Calibrationconductedannually,occasionalflowtesting
MasterMeterError 5 Metercalibrationsconducted,continuouslyevaluated
Waterimported 8 Calibrationsconductedannuallybywholesaleentities.Resultsnotknown.
WaterExported 7 Meterstestedbi‐annually.Notallconfigurationsallowforflowtesting
3.1.2 Authorized Consumption
Total Authorized Consumption = 64,611.518 Million gallons
[Calculation:AuthorizedConsumption=Billedmetered+Billedunmetered+Unbilledmetered+Unbilledunmetered]
Authorizedconsumptionincludesthevolumeofwatertakenbyregisteredcustomers,thewatersupplier,andotherswhoareauthorizedtodosobythewatersupplier,foranypurpose.Itshouldbenotedthatthisdoesnotincludewaterexported.
Authorizedconsumptionmayincludeitemssuchasfire‐fightingandtraining,flushingofsewers,transmissionanddistributionmains,streetcleaning,wateringofDepartmentfacilities,etc.
Billed Metered Consumption
ThebilledmeteredconsumptionisalmostallcustomerswithintheDepartment’sjurisdiction.Thiswillincludeallresidential,commercial,industrial,andinstitutionalcustomers.Sincethesystemisreportedly100%metered,allbutaverysmallportionshouldfallintothiscategory.Notethatthewholesalevolumehasbeenremovedfromthisbilledmeteredvalue(eachwholesalecustomerhasitsownregulatoryreportingrequirements,andownwaterlosses,andthesevolumesareremovedfromtheauditatthewatersuppliedstageofaccounting).MiamiDadehaveconductedextensiveretailmetertestingoverthepastyeartoevaluatetheleveloflosseswithrespecttometeraccuracy.
ThevalueofBilledMeteredConsumptionfor2014wasrecordedas63,470.026milliongallons.
Billed Unmetered Consumption
Thereisreportedlynobilledunmeteredconsumption.
ThevalueforBilledUnmeteredConsumptionin2014wasrecordedas0milliongallons.
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 15
Unbilled Metered Consumption
Thereisusuallyonlyasmallamountofwaterinthiscategory.ItcanincludeDepartmentfacilitiesthathaveameterbutdonotreceiveabill,parks,fountainsetc.InCY2012thiswasanestimationbasedonreviewsofotherutilities.InCY2013metereddatafromthetreatmentplantswasrecordedandutilizedforthisvolumeinput.
ThevalueforUnbilledMeteredConsumptionin2014wasrecordedas21.705milliongallons.
Unbilled Unmetered Consumption
Unbilledunmeteredconsumptionisoftendifficulttocalculate,althoughalmosteveryutilityhasconsumptioninthiscategory(duetothewaysystemsareflushed,andfire‐fightingoccurs,whichmakeitalmostimpossibletomeasurebymeteringeffectively).Thereforeadefaulthasbeendevelopedwithinthewaterauditsoftwaretoallowanapproximatecalculationusingvalidateddatafromothersystems.Inthisinitialauditthisdefaultof1.25%ofwatersuppliedhasbeenchosen.
Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas1,119.787milliongallons.
Other Authorized Consumption notes
Watertreatmentplantsdohavearequirementtousewaterincertainsituations(backflushing,etc.).However,itisanticipatedthatalltheselocationsoccurredpriortothefinishedwatermeter.Thereforethisdataisnotincludedinthiswateraudit.
Table 3‐3 Authorized Consumption Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
BilledMetered
7 Goodbillingsystems,extensivemeteraccuracytestingalthoughslightlyreducedin2013/14.Regularreplacementofoldestmeters
BilledUnmetered
n/a Nobilledunmeteredconsumptionreported
UnbilledMetered
8 Unbilledmeterarereadandmaintainedinthesamemannerasretailmeters.Stillneedtoevaluatetestingandbillingproceduresforunbilledproperties
UnbilledUnmetered
‐ Thedefaultwasusedforthisvariable
3.1.3 Water Losses
TotalWaterLosses =TotalWaterSupplied–TotalAuthorizedConsumption
=24,971.465
Thewater losses are further broken down into apparent losses and real losses, which are bothoutlinedbelow.
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16 APRIL 2015
Apparent Water Losses
Total Apparent Water Losses = 3,689.331 Million gallons
[Calculation:ApparentWaterLosses=Unauthorizedconsumption+Customermeteringinaccuracies+Systematicdatahandlingerrors]
Unauthorized Consumption
UnauthorizedconsumptionincludesallusesnotauthorizedbytheDepartment,includingillegaluseofhydrants,bypassesetc.,aswellreversedortamperedmetersandAMRsystems.Inthisauditthedatawasnotavailable;therefore,thedefaultof0.25%ofwatersuppliedwasused.
Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas223.957milliongallons.
Customer Meter Inaccuracies
Allmetersthreeinchesandlargeraretestedandnowrepairedorreplaced(ifnecessary)onanannualbasis.Atestingprogramforthesmallermetersisalsooperational.Itisexpectedthatthecurrentmeterstockisrelativelyaccurate;however,additionaltestingonthe1‐inchto2‐inchmetersmaybenecessarytoproveouttheaccuracyofthesegroupsofmeters.Testingshouldanalyzebothmeterage,throughput(volumethroughthemeter),andifpossibletheaveragepressureforthelocationofthemeter.
TheDepartmentistakingstepstobetterunderstandcustomermeterinaccuraciesbyimplementingalargecustomermeterassessmentproject.Anestimateof2.4%(1,561.272milliongallons)underreportingacrossthemeterstockhasbeenusedforthisaudit.Thissuggestsmetersofvaryingageandreliabilityandaslightincreaseinmeterinaccuracyduetotheoverallmeterstockageingbetween2013and2014.Thevalidationgradeandaccuracydatawilllikelyincreaseforthe2015auditduetotheprojectimplementation.
Ahigh‐levelevaluationwasperformedtoreviewwatermeteraccuracydatafromstudiesdevelopedbetween2008through2012andtooutlineanypotentialissuesfortheMDWASD.Thisdataisstillvalidforevaluationpurposes,withtheexpectationthatadditionaldegradationoftheoldermeteringunitswillhaveoccurredintheaudityear.Reportingandtestdatareviewedincluded.
ComparisonofcurrentDepartmentpracticesformetertestingandreplacementwithindustrystandards;
Reviewofmetertestingproceduresandproviderecommendationsfordevelopinganongoinganddynamicperformance‐basedmetertestingprogram.Theperformance‐basedmetertestingprogramshouldhavethecapabilitytoperiodicallyupdateandrefinethedegradationcurvesforresidentialmeters.
PracticeofLargemetertestingin‐situ(inthefield)byadedicatedtestingcrew.
Thetestingincludesaportablemetertesterwhichisconnectedtothedownstreamtestportforthedurationofthetest.
FieldcrewsallfollowAWWAguidelinesforthetestinglimitsandfrequencyoftests.
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 17
Figure 3‐1 Example Meter Accuracy Analysis of Degrading Meters (below 90% accuracy) from 2012 5/8‐inch meter tests
Systematic Data Handling Error Estimation
TheDepartmentutilizesseveralautomatedandhumanerrorcheckingprocessesfortheirbillingpractices.Althoughbillingsystemreportsaresizeable,specifictriggersbuiltintotrackpotentialdatahandlingerrorsarebuiltinandforwardedontostaffspecificallyassignedforaddressingpotentialdataerrorsinthebillingprocess.Tothebestofourknowledge,therearenosystemswithzerosystematicdatahandlingerrors,thereforeanestimatedvalueof3%ofwatersupplied,or1,904.101milliongallonshasbeenusedforthisvariable.
Table 3‐4 Water Losses Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
UnauthorizedConsumption
‐ Thedefaultwasusedforthisvariable
MeterInaccuracies
7 Adetailedtestingprogramwasinitiatedfor5/8‐inchmetersin2012.Additionaltestingonothersizedmeterswasconductedin2013tocontinuewithprogram.Somemetertestingwasconductedin2014,butthiswasreducedvolumeforresidentialsizedmeters
DataHandlingErrors
5 Thisisanestimateassumingacomplexbillingsystem
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18 APRIL 2015
3.1.3.1 Real Losses
IntheAWWAsoftwarethereallossvalueistheremainder,orwhatisleftoverafteralltheothervariables(watersupplied,authorizedconsumption,andapparentlosses)arecalculated.InordertoprovideabetterestimatethereviewofsystemdataandleakdetectionprogramstheWaterDistributionDivisioncollectsandestimatesleakageandauthorizeduses.Thesevaluesarematchedtothesoftwarecalculationtoactasavalidationtool.
TheDepartmenthas,however,conductedasignificantamountofleakdetectionduringtheaudityear.Thisappearstobeimprovingefficiencyandwillcontinuetobemonitoredinfutureyears.AlistingoftheequipmentusedonadailybasisisoutlinedinTable3‐5.
Table 3‐5 Leak Detection Equipment Summary
EQUIPMENT TYPE(MANUFACTURER/MODEL) QUANTITY
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER AQUASCOPES/HEATHCONSULTANTS 12
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER STETHOPHON04/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 5
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER(WIRELESS) AQUATESTT‐10/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 4
ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER LD15/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 2
MECHANICALSOUNDAMPLIFIER GEOPHONES/HEATHCONSULTANTS 5
MECHANICALSOUNDAMPLIFIER GEOPHONES/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 6
UNDERGROUNDLINELOCATOR SURE‐LOCK/HEATHCONSULTANTS 6
ELECTRICDRILLS BOSCH 6
METALLOCATOR ML‐1M/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 1
METALLOCATOR PIPEHORN800‐HL 1
SOUNDCORRELATOR LC2500/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 2
SOUNDCORRELATOR SECORR08/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 3
SOUNDCORRELATOR ACCUCORR3000/FCS 1
CORRELATINGLOGGER SEPEM02/SEWERIN 98
CORRELATINGLOGGER SOUNDSENS/FCS 36
CORRELATINGLOGGER GUTERMANNZONESCAN820ALPHA 10
LEAKNOISELOGGER PERMALOG/FCS 100
InadditiontothestandardornormalleakagedetectionactivitiestheDepartmentconductedpilotstudiesoftwotypesofacousticleaknoiseloggers.Theseweretestedtogaugetheireffectivenessandoperationalcapabilitiesinareaswhichwerenormallydifficulttoaccessorhadissuesforsurveycrewstoperformleakagedetectionduringnormalconditions.
2014 Total Real Water Losses =21,282.134 Million gallons
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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN
BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 19
3.1.4 System Data
Length of Mains
MDWASD’swatersystemconsistsofthreeregionalwatertreatmentplants(WTPs),theSouthDadeWaterSystem(aseriesofwellfieldsand5smalltreatmentfacilities),treatedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilities,andapproximately7,941milesofwatertransmission,distributionandservicepipelinesincludingwholesalecustomers.Theretailtransmissionanddistributionportionincludes5,947milesandisthevalueusedintheaudit.Thisvalueisslightlylowerthanthe2013pipeinventoryastherawwaterandsludgelinedatawassubtractedfromthedetailedpipeschedule.TheregionalwatertreatmentfacilitiesaretheHialeah,JohnE.Preston,andAlexanderOrr,Jr.WTPs,whichhaveatotalcombineddesignedratedtreatmentcapacityof473MGD.
Number of Service Connections
Thenumberofserviceconnectionsincludesbothactiveandinactiveservicelines.Thisvaluewascalculatedbythecustomerservicesdepartmentin2013andincluded448,749connections.Thiswasanincreaseofapproximately10,000connectionscomparedwith2012.The2013numberswerecalculatedwithmoreaccuratedataandactiveandinactiveconnectionswerecountedseparately.Thenumberofactiveandinactiveserviceconnectionscalculatedfortheyear2014is459,202.Thisisanincreaseof10,453connectionscomparedtothe2013auditnumber.
Average Length of Customer Service Line
Theaveragelengthofcustomerservicelineiszero(notethatthedistancefromthemaintothepropertyboundaryhasalreadybeenfactoredintothiscalculation,andsothedistanceis0feet).
Figure 3‐2 Average Length of Service Line, Meter at the Curb Stop (Source: AWWA Software)
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20 APRIL 2015
Average Operating Pressure
Theaverageoperatingpressurewasestimatedfromalargeamountoffieldoperationsdatafromtestswithinthedistributionsystem.Analysisofthehydraulicmodelwasalsoconductedtogiveasecondopinion.Thisprovidedavalueofjustover56psi.However,since55psiisusedinallthewaterlosscalculationsconductedbyfieldstaffitwasdecidedthatthedifferencewasnotgreatenoughtowarrantachange.Anaveragesystempressureof55psiwasusedforthisaudit.
Table 3‐6 System Data Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
LengthofMains 9 DevelopedthroughGIS,uncertainprotocolsfortransferofnewdata
NumberofServices 7 Goodbillingrecords,uncertainpoliciesandprocedures
CustomerServiceLine 10 Allservicesatpropertyboundaries(thereforezero(0)value)
AverageOperatingPressure
7 Utilizedoperationsaveragewhichwasnearvalidatedbyanalysisofthehydraulicmodel.
3.1.5 Cost Data
Total Annual Cost of Operating the Water System
Thetotalannualcostofoperatingthewatersystemincludesoperations,maintenanceandanyannuallyincurredcostsforlong‐termupkeepofthesystem,suchasrepaymentofcapitalbondsforinfrastructureexpansionorimprovement.Typicalcostsincludeemployeesalariesandbenefits,materials,equipment,insurance,fees,administrativecostsandallothercoststhatexisttosustainthedrinkingwatersupplyandsystem.BasedontheDepartment’swatersystemfinancialstatementsfortheCY2014thetotalannualcostofoperatingthewatersystemwasderivedfromthefollowingcomponents:
Operationsandmaintenanceincurredcosts
Depreciationcosts
Table 3‐7 Operating Cost Details 2014
TOTALCOST CY2014
O&M 152,873,192
Depreciation 65,846,584
TotalAnnualCost $218,719,776
Source: MDWASD
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BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 21
BecausetheDepartmentoperatesonanOctoberthroughSeptemberfiscalyear,financialstatementsfromFY2014andFY2015wereutilizedtodevelopCY2014financialdata.Thefullannualcostutilizedfortheauditisthetotaloperatingcostsincludingoperatingandmaintenanceexpensesanddepreciation.Thetotalcostofoperatingthewatersystemdidincreaseslightlybetween2013and2014.AnincreaseinO&Mcostsof$6.4millionwasoffsetbylowerdepreciationexpense($4.9million)resultinginanoverallincreaseofoperatingcostsof$1.5million.
In2014theoverallcostofrunningthewatersystem(includingdepreciation)was$218,719,776.
Customer Retail Unit Cost
Customerretailunitcostrepresentstheweightedaverageofindividualcostsandnumberofcustomeraccountsofeachclass.Thisiscalculatedasannualretailrevenuedividedbyannualretailsalesvolume.Totalretailwaterrevenueisutilized,however,inordertocalculatevolumetricbasedwatersalesunitcost,MDWASD’smeterbasechargerevenueandunread/unbilledwaterrevenuesareremovedisolatingthevolumetricbasedwatersalesforthecalculationofcustomerretailunitcost.Retailwatersaleslesstheseitemsfor2014wereapproximately$195.3million.
Table 3‐8 Retail Unit Cost CY 2013
RETAILUNITCOST CY2014
MeteredSales‐Residential‐Watr $62,126,908
MeteredSales‐MultiFamily‐Wtr $27,735,528
MeteredSales‐ResSprink‐Wtr $5,124,614
MeteredSales‐Commercial‐Water $90,231,118
Meteredsales‐WASDWtrFacility $432,555
MeteredSales‐NonResSprink‐Wtr $9,115,692
MeteredSales‐Marina‐Water $112,485
MeteredSales‐Firelines $267,937
WaterConservationSurchargeforExcessWaterUsage $108,101
TotalRetailWaterSales $195,254,939
BilledWater(1,000gallons) 63,470,026
RetailUnitCostofWaterSold(per1,000gallons) $3.08
Source: MDWASD
Totalbilledwaterfor2014wasapproximately63,500,000thousandgallons.Customerretailsalesdividedbytheassociatedbilledwaterfor2014resultsinacustomerretailunitcostof$3.08perthousandgallons.
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MDWASDhasanincliningblockwaterconservationratestructureforallitsresidentialcustomers.Thetablebelowshowsthecurrentvolumetricratestructureforawatercustomer:
Table 3‐9 FY 2014 Water Volumetric Rate
ORDINARYCOMMODITYCHARGE
FY2014RATE(PER100CUBICFEET)
0to5hundredcubicfeet $0.37
6to9hundredcubicfeet $2.53
10to17hundredcubicfeet $3.15
18andoverhundredcubicfeet $4.17
ForpurposesofthisaudittheretailrateforthemajorityofCY2014was$3.15perhundredcubicfeet(CCF)andisthemostlikelyratewherelosseswouldbesetasaveragemonthlyuseisestimatedbytheDepartmenttobe9CCFpermonthor27CCFperquarterforanormalresidentialcustomer(notethatresidentialcustomersarebilledonaquarterlybasis).Inordertofurthervalidatethis,areviewofthemeteredsalesagainstbilledmeteredwaterwasalsoconductedandanaverageof$3.08per1000gallonswascalculated.Thecalculatedaveragewasusedinthecalculationsasitisamoreconservativevalueofwhatcostcouldberecovered.
Variable Production Cost
Variableproductioncostsrepresentthecosttoproduceandsupplyoneadditionalunitofwaterandareestimatedastotalproductioncostsofthewatersystemincludingvariablecostsofsourceofsupply,powerandpumping,purification,anddistributiondividedbythetotalvolumeofwatersuppliedtothewaterdistributionsystemincludingimportedwater.
Variablecostsincluded:
Electricalservices
Naturalgas
Waterandsewerservice
Purchasedwater
Calciumcarbonatedisposal
Fuel
Petroleumgas
Hazardouswastedisposal
Chemicals
Laboratorysupplies
Gases
Andothers
Totalvariableproductioncostswereestimatedtobeapproximately$36.0millionin2014.
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Table 3‐10 Variable Production Cost 2014
LINE VARIABLECOST CY2014
1 WaterSourceofSupply $4,251,986
2 WaterPumping $1,418,675
3 WaterTreatmentandPurification $28,481,936
4 WaterTransmissionandDistribution $1,827,615
5 TotalVariableCost $35,980,212
6 FinishedWater(MG) 110,364.601
7 PurchasedWater(MG) 152.26
8 TotalWaterSupplied 110,516.861
9 CosttoProduce1MillionGallonsofWater $325.56
Source: MDWASD
FinishedwatersuppliedtothedistributionsystempluspurchasedwaterfromthecitiesofHomesteadandNorthMiamiBeachwasapproximately110,516.861milliongallons(Line8inTable3‐10)in2014resultinginavariableproductioncostof$325.56(Line5/Line8inTable3‐10)per1milliongallonsofwater.
Thevariableproductioncostsincludeallthecostsforpumping,treatmentandchemicalsfromthetreatmentplants.Inthiscase,thecalculationfor2014was$325.56permilliongallons.Thiswascalculatedusingthefinancialreports,allocatingonlyvariablecoststothecalculation.Thevariableproductioncostsincreasedfrom2013to2014byapproximately$150,000.
Table 3‐11 Cost Data Validation Grading
GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING
TotalCostofOperation
9 AllcostsdevelopedandThirdpartyCPAaudited.Sincetheauditisconductedonafinancialyearanddataconstructedinacalendaryear,theremaybesomeerrorsindatatransfer.
CustomerRetailUnitCost
8 Usedthecalculationofmeteredsalesagainstthetotalbilledmetered,thismatchesrelativelywellwiththeaverageuseblock($3.15perCCF)
VariableProductionCost
8 Anevaluationofthefinancialreportscalculatingonlyvariablecosts
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4.0 Water Treatment Plant Losses TheDepartmentoperatesthreeregionalWTPs:Hialeah,Preston,andOrr;andsmallerplantsthatarepartoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Table4‐1summarizestheplantcapacitiesandactualflows.AdescriptionofeachWTPisprovidedinthesubsectionsbelow.Theoverallannualaveragedailyflowoftheentiresystemisapproximately299.2MGD.
Table 4‐1 WTP Capacities and Flows
COMPONENT
FACILITY
HIALEAH/PRESTON
ALEXORR
SOUTHDADEWATERSYSTEM1
InstalledCapacity(MGD) 235.02 256.03 14.2
ActualFlows4
AverageDaily(MGD) 124.0 168.1 7.1
PeakDay(MGD) 158.6 187.0 1Represents five smaller WTPs in southern Miami‐Dade County. 2Treatment Facility capacity is 235 MGD. But the permit is currently limited to 225 MGD. Hialeah Plant permit capacity is 60 MGD and Preston Plant is 165 MGD for a total of 225 MGD. 3Treatment Facility capacity is 256 MGD but the permit is currently limited to 214.74 MGD, based on water allocation. 4For Calendar Year 2014
Rawwatersupplyforthethreeregionaltreatmentplantsiscurrentlydrawnfrom83Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedinthemajorwellfields(MiamiSprings,Northwest,Medleywhichisinstand‐by,West,Southwest,andSnapperCreek)andseveralwellsonsiteatthethreetreatmentplants.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemisservedby12BiscayneaquiferwellslocatedatthefivesmallerwellfieldsreferencedinTable4‐1above.Table4‐2providesasummaryofeachoftheMiami‐DadeCountypermittedBiscayneaquiferwells.
TwonewWTPswillprovideadditionalcapacitytothewatersystem.TheHialeahReverseOsmosis(RO)WTPisownedjointlybytheCityofHialeahandMDWASD.TheROplanthasaninitialtreatmentcapacityof10MGDanditisdesignedtohaveanultimatecapacityof17.5MGD.Thisplantcommencedproductionin2014.TherawwatersourceforthisplantisthebrackishUpperFloridanaquifer.TheproposedSouthMiamiHeightsWTPwillreplacethreeofthesmalltreatmentplantsoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Thisplantwillbea20MGDmembranesofteningandROplantandwillhavethecapacitytotreatwaterfromboththeBiscayneandFloridanaquifers.Thisplantisscheduledtogointoservicein2019.TheDepartmentalsohastheabilitytowithdrawwaterfromtheFloridaaquiferandfromAquiferStorageandRecovery(ASR)wells.FloridanaquiferandASRwellsarelistedintheTable4‐3below.
Table 4‐2 Summary of Biscayne Aquifer Wellfields
WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED
DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)
NUMBEROFWELLS
Hialeah Hialeah/Preston 12.54 3
JohnE.Preston Hialeah/Preston 53.28 7
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WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED
DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)
NUMBEROFWELLS
MiamiSpringsUpperLower
Hialeah/Preston 79.30 Upper–12Lower–8
Medley(Stand‐by)
Hialeah/Preston 48.96 Stand‐by‐4
Northwest Hialeah/Preston 149.35 15
AlexanderOrr Orr 74.40 10
SnapperCreek Orr 40.00 4
Southwest Orr 161.20 17
West Orr 32.40 3
SouthDade SouthDadeWaterSystem 19.01 LeisureCity–4Everglades–3ElevatedTank–2Newton–2Naranja–1
SouthMiamiHeights SouthMiamiHeightsWTP 4.006.00
FormerPlant‐1RobertaHunterPark‐4
Source: MDWASD
Table 4‐3 Summary of Floridan Aquifer Wellfields
WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED
DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)
NUMBEROFWELLS
PERMITTEDALLOCATION
(MGY)
SouthwestWellfieldASR AlexOrr 10.00 2 1,522
WestWellfieldASR AlexOrr 15.00 3 2,283
HialeahROWTP HialeahROWTP 20.00 14 4,855
SouthMiamiHeights NewSMHWTP 24.00 7 8,494
Source: MDWASD
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TheHialeahandPrestontreatmentfacilitiespumpintoboththehighpressureandlowpressuresystems.Theplantsareinterconnectedpriortothehighservicedistributionpumpingsystemandoperateasinglehighservicepumpingstation.Independentpumpingstationsateachplantpumpintothelowpressuresystem.
“Real”waterlossesinfacilitiesthatuseconventionallimesofteningprocessescanaccountfor3to5percentofrawwatersupplied.Alargeportionofthisreallosscanbeaccountedforbythehandlinganddisposalofresiduals.Aspreviouslyindicatedlimesofteningistheprimarytreatmentofthegroundwateratthethreeregionaltreatmentfacilities.Theresidualsgeneratedintheprocessarecomprisedalmostentirelyofcalciumcarbonate(CaCO3)solids.
TheHialeahandPrestonplantsdischargethecalciumcarbonateresiduals‐limeslurry‐fromthelimesofteningprocessthrougha12‐indiameterlinefromtheHialeahplantanda16‐indiameterlinefromthePrestonplanttoeithertheMiamiSpringsand/orNorthwestWellfieldresidualslagoons.
TheHialeahWTPalsoincludesalimerecalcinationfacility.Thisfacilityisarotarykiln‐naturalgasfiredtypefacility.Dewateredlimeisthenrecycledthroughtheprocessofrecalcination.ThelimekilnburnsCaCO3andproducesupto100‐115tonsperdayofcalciumoxide(CaO)whichisthenslakedandreturnedforreuseinthelimesofteningprocess.TheplantalsotreatstheresidualsgeneratedatthePrestonWTPfromaccelatorunits1,2,and3.Thereleasedcarbondioxide(CO2)iscapturedandusedintherecarbonationprocessattheplant.Theairvayorsystemisusedtopneumaticallytransferlimefromthelimestoragesilosattherecalcinationplantbacktolimefeedsiloatthelimeslurryfeedplant.
AttheAlexanderOrrplant,fiftypercentoftheresidualsgeneratedinthelimesofteningprocessarestoredandprocessedthroughalimerecalcinationfacilitysimilartotheoneattheHialeahplant.AnyexcesscalciumcarbonatefromthetreatmentprocessesissenttothesludgeholdingcellsattheSouthwestwellfieldorthecellsattheOrrplant.
Priortorecalcination,someofthewaterisextractedfromthesolidsviacentrifugationandreturnedtothetreatmentprocess.Watervaporizedduringtheheatingofthesolidsduringrecalcinationisnotrecovered.Smallamountsofwaterarealsoused(lost)formonitoringplantperformance.Watermayalsobelostviaundetectedleaksinwatertreatmentplantstructuresandpiping.
Inadditiontoreallosses,apparentwaterlossmayalsooccurasaresultoferrorsintheindividualwellmeters,rawwaterinfluentplantVenturimeters,andfinishedwatereffluentmeterreadings.Analysisofthemeteredrawwaterflowsandfinishedwaterflowsfortheplantsispresentedinthefollowingsub‐sectionstoquantifytheoverallwaterlossesattheOrrandHialeah/PrestonWTPs.Althoughlargequantitiesofwaterareusedintheprocessforbackwashingfilters,feedingchemicals,etc.,thegreatmajorityofthiswaterisrecycledbackintothetreatmentprocess.Sincealllargeprocessrecyclestreamsoccurinternaltotheplant,theseflowsarenotmeasuredtwicebyeithertheraworfinishedwaterventurimeters.
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4.1.1 Raw Water Flows
Rawwaterflowscontinuedtobemeasuredbothateachindividualwellinthesystemandenteringthetreatmentplants.
4.1.1.1 Alex Orr Water Treatment Plant
Tables4‐4andFigure4‐1belowcomparetherawwaterflows(MillionGallons)meteredatthewellfieldsandtherawwaterflowsmeteredattheplant.
Table 4‐4 Alex Orr WTP Raw Water Flows
MONTH
SUMOFINDIVIDUALWELLFLOWS
RAWWATERPLANTFLOWS
VOLUMEDIFFERENCE
PERCENTDIFFERENCE
January 5,469 5,105 365 7%
February 4,961 4,612 349 8%
March 5,457 5,081 377 7%
April 5,287 4,994 293 6%
May 5,820 5,327 494 9%
June 5,830 5,356 474 9%
July 5,868 5,406 462 9%
August 6,009 5,481 528 10%
September 5,899 5,297 602 11%
October 5,831 5,284 547 10%
November 5,459 5,071 388 8%
December 5,649 5,245 404 8%
CY2014Avg 5.628 5.188 440 8%
Source: MDWASD
AttheOrrWTPthesumoftheindividualwellsrawwaterflowsregisteredonaverage8percentpermonthhigherthanmeasuredattheplantrawwaterinfluentventurimeters.Thisisareflectionofbothunder/overregistrationandmeteraccuraciesgiventhatthesetotalsreflectthesumof38individualmeters‐34remotewellmetersand4rawwaterventurimetersattheplant.
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Figure 4‐1 Alex Orr WTP Raw Water Flows
4.1.1.2 Hialeah and John Preston Water Treatment Plants
TheHialeahandPrestonplantsreceiveacombinationoftheflowscomingfromtheNorthwestandMiamiSprings(UpperandLower)wellfieldsinadditiontothewellfieldslocatedwithintheplantsites.ThePrestonplantreceivesprimarilyflowsfromtheNorthwestwellfieldbutitalsoreceivesaportionoftheflowsfromtheMiamiSpringsupperwellfield.TheHialeahplantreceivesmostlyflowsfromtheMiamiSpringwellfieldsbutalsoreceivesaportionofflowsfromtheNorthwestwellfield.
Tables4‐5andFigure4‐2belowcomparetherawwaterflows(MillionGallons)meteredatthewellfieldsandtherawwaterflowsmeteredattheHialeahandPrestonplantscombined.
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Table 4‐5 Hialeah & Preston WTPs Combined Raw Water Flows
MONTH
SUMOFINDIVIDUALWELLFLOWS
RAWWATERPLANTFLOWS
VOLUMEDIFFERENCE
PERCENTDIFFERENCE
January 4,263 4,226 37 1%
February 4,058 4,199 (141) ‐3%
March 4,409 4,380 29 1%
April 4,151 4,267 (116) ‐3%
May 4,255 4,183 72 2%
June 3,587 3,401 186 5%
July 3,774 3,411 363 11%
August 3,910 3,549 360 10%
September 3,591 3,362 229 7%
October 3,987 3,845 143 4%
November 3,970 3,909 61 2%
December 4,115 4,051 64 2%
CY2014Avg 4,006 3,898 107 3%
Source: MDWASD
TheHialeah/Prestoncombinedsumoftheindividualwellsrawwaterflowsreflectsbothunder/overregistrationthroughouttheyear.HoweverwhenlookingatthetotalrawwaterpumpedinCY2014fromthewellsandrawwaterenteringtheplants,thedifferenceis3%.Themonthlyunder/overregistrationofthesetotalsreflectinherentmeterinaccuraciesgiventhatthesereflectthesumof50individualmeters‐45remotewellmetersand5rawwaterventurimetersatthetwoplants.
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Figure 4‐2 Hialeah/Preston Combined Raw Water Flows
4.1.2 Treated Water Flows
4.1.2.1 Hialeah and Preston Water Treatment Plants
ResultspresentedinFigure4‐3indicatethattherawwaterinfluentflowwasonanaverage11%morepermonththanthemeteredtreatedwateratthePrestonPlant.
Figure 4‐3 Preston WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
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Figure4‐4indicatesthattherawwaterinfluentflowwasonaverage11%permonthlowerthanthetreatedwaterflowmeteredattheHialeahPlant.
Figure 4‐4 Hialeah WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
Whenthesetwoplantflowsarecombinedandaddedup,theresultsindicatethat,onaverage,thereisathreepercentwaterlossthroughtheHialeah/Prestontreatmentcomplex.ThisisshowninFigure4‐5below.Thisisconsistentwiththeresultsreportedforcalendaryears2012and2013.
Figure 4‐5 Hialeah/Preston WTPs Combined Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
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Thedifferencesinthemeteredflowsforeachindividualplantreflectthefactthattheyneedtobecombinedgiventhehydraulicsbetweenthetwoplants.ThePrestonplantfeedstreatedwatertothefinishedwaterclearwellattheHialeahplant.ThisinterplantflowisnotmeasuredbutexplainstheunderegistrationoftreatedwaterflowsmeteredatPrestonandoverregistrationoftreatedwaterflowsmeteredattheHialeahplant.
4.1.2.2 Alexander Orr Water Treatment Plant
Table4‐6belowindicatethattherawwaterflowsmeasuredattheOrrplantwereonaverage1.5%higherthanthetreatedwaterflowsmeteredattheplant.Thisrepresentsawaterlossoflessthantwopercentthroughtheplant,andwellwithinexpectedtypicallosses.
Table 4‐6 Orr WTP Treated vs. Raw Water Flows
2013
TOTALRAWWATER
(MGD)TOTALFINISHEDWATER(MGD)
DIFFERENCE(FINISHEDLESSRAW)
%DIFFERENCE
January 5,027 5,105 (78) ‐2%
February 4,542 4,612 (70) ‐2%
March 5,003 5,081 (78) ‐2%
April 4,919 4,994 (75) ‐2%
May 5,249 5,327 (78) ‐1%
June 5,281 5,356 (75) ‐1%
July 5,328 5,406 (78) ‐1%
August 5,403 5,481 (78) ‐1%
September 5,222 5,297 (75) ‐1%
October 5,207 5,284 (78) ‐1%
November 4,996 5,071 (75) ‐1%
December 5,167 5,245 (78) ‐1%
Source: MDWASD
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Figure 4‐6 Orr WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows
4.1.3 Verification and Calibration of Treatment Plant Meters
Theanalysisandverificationofmeteraccuracyisseparatedintothreesections:
1. FlowSignal2. ControlLoop3. Repeatability
Thisstructureallowsmoreauditabledataandbetteraccountingandtransparencyofinformation.Abasicreviewofverificationandcalibrationwasconducted.Additionalworkisanticipatedtobecompletedin2014.
4.1.3.1 Flow Signal Verification
Theflowsignalverificationincludestheflowmeasurementdevice,whichfortheDepartmentareallventuriflowtubes.Italsoincludestheimpulselines(thedifferentialpressureflowlinesfromtheventurimeter)andthedifferentialpressuretransmitter(currentlymostareRosemountunits–either1151or3051).
4.1.3.2 Control Loop Verification
Thecontrolloopwithrespecttoflowmeteringincludesthetransmissionofdatafromthedifferentialpressuretransmitterandalltheinfrastructuretocalculateandstoretheflowmeasurementdata.ThisincludesthePLCs,andSCADAsystem,allthewiringsystemsandconnectionsbetweentheseunitsandthedatastoragewithintheiHistorianorphysicaltotalizers.Thisisduetobeassessedin2014.
4.1.3.3 Repeatability Quality Assurance (QA) Process
The‘RepeatabilityQAprocess’isrequiredtodetermineasequenceofanalyseswhichwillimproveauditingandaccuracyofthedata.TherearestandardverificationandcalibrationschedulessetwithintheFlowSignalandControlLoopverificationstages.
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TheRepeatabilityQAprocessshouldincludealayeredaccountabilitystructurethatshouldincludethefollowing:
acknowledgementfromfieldstaffthatperformanceofallrequiredprocedureshavebeenperformedinaccordancewiththeproceduresintheadoptedSOP’s
acknowledgementfromplantsupervisorystaffthattheyhaverevieweddocumentationandresultsandthatthesearecompliantwithCCMWASOP’sandpolicies.
4.1.3.4 DP Transmitter Calibration Procedure and Documentation
Calibrationshouldbeconductedinlaboratoryconditionswithstabletemperature,humidityandlowlevelsofdustorotherparticulates.ThiscanbeconductedinDepartment’sfacilitiesifthecorrectandcalibrated(traceable)equipmentisused.Itshouldnotbeconductedinthefield.Itisexpectedthatthiswillbeconductedbythemanufactureroraqualifiedthirdpartyatleastduringtheinitialstagesofthisassessment.Fullbenchcalibrationdocumentationdata,inclusiveofNISTtraceabilitycompliancestatementsmustbeincludedinthedocumentationpackageassociatedwiththeRepeatabilityQAProcess.
4.1.4 Treatment Plant Venturi Accuracy
Reviewofverificationandcalibrationssheetsprovidedsuggeststhatalltheventurimetersarewithinaccuracytoleranceswithrespecttoelectronicverificationpractices.
Table4‐4aboveshowstheresultsofthecalibrationforbothCY2013andCY2012.
4.1.5 Conclusions
Hialeah/Preston WTPs
Combinedflowsindicate‐showninFigure4‐5above‐that,onaverage,thereislessthanathreepercentwaterlossthroughtheHialeah/Prestontreatmentcomplex.Thisisconsistentwiththeresultsreportedforcalendaryears2012and2013forthecombinedplants.Thisvolumeoflossismorecommensuratewithtypicalwaterlossesthroughconventionaltreatmentplants.
Rawwaterflowthroughaboosterpumpstationinstalledin2004atthePrestonWTPisnotcurrentlyaccountedforattherawwaterVenturimetersattheHialeah/PrestonWTPs.ItisrecommendedthatMDWASDtakeactionstoremedythis,whichwillallowformoreaccurateestimatesoftherawandfinishedwaterlossestobeestimatedforsubsequentyears.
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Table 4‐7 Venturi Meter Calibration Results: Raw and Finished Water
LOCATION METERDESCRIPTION“ASLEFT2013”
(AVG%VARIANCE)“ASLEFT2012”
(AVG%VARIANCE)
Orr FinishedWater#1 ‐0.102% ‐0.112%
Orr FinishedWater#2 0.076% 0.006%
Orr FinishedWater#3 ‐0.008% ‐0.002%
Orr FinishedWater#4 ‐0.068% 0.032%
Orr FinishedWater#5 ‐0.136% 0.01%
Orr RawWater#1 0.3% 0.07%
Orr RawWater#2 0.08% ‐0.042%
Orr RawWater#3 0.092% ‐0.068%
Orr RawWater#4 0.252% 0.000%
Hialeah FinishedBFlowMeter 0.24% 0.2618%
Hialeah FinishedLowPressure#4 0.02% 0.001%
Hialeah FinishedLowPressure#5 ‐0.01% ‐0.01196%
Hialeah FinishedWaterMiamiSprings ‐0.10% 0.19036%
Hialeah RawWater#1 0.04% 0.0444%
Hialeah RawWater#2 ‐0.07% 0.0323%
Preston RawWater#1 0.09% 0.00%
Preston RawWater#2 0.81% 0.02%
Preston RawWater#3 0.45% 0.13046%
Preston FinishedWater#1 0.24% 0.088%
Preston FinishedWater#2 ‐0.19% 0.02%
Source: MDWASD
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5.0 Results Performanceindicatorsareanimportantmeasurementtool,tomakesurethattheutilityiskeepingontrack(withrespecttoitsoperationalpracticesandtoreduceanywaterlosses)bothinternallyandincomparisontoitspeers.Thenewstandardmethodologyfundamentallybreaksdowneachmajoraspectofwaterlossesandusesintospecificcategories.Thisbreakdownthenallowsformoredetailedandaccuratereporting,andmoreaccuratetargetingofthevolumeandcostoflosses,therebyallowingtargetingofresourcestotheareasmostinneed.
MDWASDappearstohavereasonableperformanceasdeterminedandrecordedinTable11below.However,thereareanumberofvariablessuchastheunauthorizeduseandunbilledunmeteredconsumptionwhichstillneedtobecalculatedinfutureyearstofurthervalidatethesefigures.BenchmarkdataisunderdevelopmentbyAWWA,againstwhichthedataandresultscanbedirectlycomparedtointhefuture.
Table 5‐1 Performance Indicators FY 2014
INDICATOR VALUE UNITS
ValidationGrading 75 outof100
Non‐revenuewateraspercentbyvolumeofWaterSupplied:
29.1% %
ApparentLossesperserviceconnectionperday: 22.1 Gallonsperconnectionperday
RealLossesperserviceconnectionperday: 126.98 Gallonsperconnectionperday
InfrastructureLeakageIndex 10.49 Dimensionless
AnnualCostofApparentlosses $11,363,138 $
AnnualCostofRealLosses $6,928,612 $
5.1 REAL WATER LOSS GOALS MDWASD’sReallossperformanceindicatorsincludedthereallossingallonsperserviceconnectionofapproximately126.98,andInfrastructureLeakageIndex(ILI)whichisestimatedtobeapproximately10.49in2014.ILIisadimensionlessratiooftheCurrentAnnualRealLosses(CARL)totheUnavoidableAnnualRealLosses(UARL).Itisafunctionofthenumberofmilesofpipe,numberofconnections,andpressureinthesystem.Eachofthesevariableshasaneffectontheleakage–asthevaluesformiles,numberofconnections,andpressureincreases,theUARLwillincrease.MoredetailsregardingcalculationoftheILIcanbefoundinAWWAmanualM36(thirdedition,2009)andtheAWWAfreeWaterAuditSoftware.
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Basedon2010to2012benchmarkdatafromtheAWWAWaterAuditDataInitiative,theaverageutilityreportedreallossof63gallons/connection/day.1Asanotherpointofcomparison,anILIvalueof3isconsideredreasonableforutilitiesintheUnitedStateswhohavesimilarresourceneedscomparedwithMDWASD.2
5.2 APPARENT WATER LOSS GOAL Apparentlossiswaterthatisbeingusedbutforwhichtheutilityreceivesnocompensation.Reducingapparentlossdoesnotreducewateruse,butdoesenhanceutilityrevenue.Estimatedapparentlossesareapproximately22gallons/connection/day.BasedontheAWWANationalWaterAuditDataInitiative(WADI)datafrom2010to2012,theaverageutilityreportedapparentlossofapproximately10gallons/connection/day.
Withrespecttoapparentlosses,suchasmeterandbillinginaccuracies,atargetof10gallons/connection/dayforapparentlosseshasbeenusedinthisanalysis.Itistheoreticallypossibletoreduceapparentlossestozero,butthiswillnotbepossibleduetothesizeandcomplexityoftheMDWASDsystem,andtheamountoffundingthatwouldbenecessary.
Thecombinationofbestmanagementpracticesandrecommendations,whichareproposedtoimprovethebillingsystem,reducemeterinaccuracy,andfurtherreduceleakage,canhaveasignificantpositivefinancialeffectintheshort‐term.Theprogramcanstartwitharelativelysmallcapitalinvestmenttoresearchandreducethebillinginconsistenciesandinaccuratemeters.Theresultingadditionalrevenuecanthenbeusedtohelpenhancethemeterreplacementandleakagereductionprogramsinthenearfuture,ifadditionalfundsfortheseprogramsarenotimmediatelyavailable.
Thetargetsdiscussedintheprevioussectionareexcellentmediumtolong‐termgoals.However,aroadmapisneededtoreachthesegoals.Therecommendedmanagementstrategiesarethebeginningoftheprocess.Thesestrategiesshouldbereviewedatleasteveryfiveyears,preferablyeverytwoyearstore‐assesstheireffectiveness.
1 Alan Plummer Associates, Inc. and Water Prospecting and Resource Consulting, LLC, January 24, 2007. Final Report: An Analysis of Water Loss as Reported by Public Water Suppliers in Texas, prepared for the Texas Water Development Board. 2 AWWA Manual M36
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6.0 Recommendations Therearemanyon‐goingactivitieswhichMDWASDwillcontinuetoconductduringthenextaudityear.Thesewillincludeactiveleakagedetection,testingandreplacementofunder‐performingmetersandtestingandre‐calibrationoftheproductionmeters.Inadditiontothesenormaloperationalimprovementsitisrecommendedthatthefollowingprogramsareconductedin2015.
1. Continuewiththedualmainreplacementproject.Thecontinuedreplacementoftheoldgalvanizedservicelineswillhaveasignificanteffectonreducingwaterlossinthedistributionsystem.
2. Continuetodevelopin‐houseleakdetectiondatamanagementtoallowtheintensiveassessmentneededtoevaluateacomponentanalysis.TheanalysisofthishistoricdatawillgiveoptionstotheDepartmenttoincreaseefficiencyandcompletemorestrategicwaterleaksurveys.
3. AMiamiSpringspilotDMAzoneshouldbesetuptohelpprovetheconcept.Thisisoneunitofthedistributionsystemthatisreadymadeforadistrictanalysis(onesupplypipewithexistingmeteredconnection).RegardlessofleakagelocatedinMiamiSprings,multiplefieldsurveysshouldbecompletedtotesttheeffectivenessoftheequipmentandmethodology.Theworkencompassesthefollowinggoals:
a. Tocomparativelyanalyzetheeffectivenessofastandardacousticwaterleaksurvey(surveytool,groundmicrophonesandcorrelatorsversusloggingsystems).
b. EvaluatethedataavailabilityfromthecurrentlyinstalledAMRsystemandusethisdatatoperformawaterlossanalysisinthepilotzone.
c. Theoreticallyanalyzetheeffectivenessofpressuremanagement.
Thetruepictureofwhatisphysicallylostoutofthesystemwillonlybetrulyknownafterfieldvalidationofwaterlossesthroughmeasurementssuchasdistrictmeteredareas.Intheshorttomedium‐termtheknowledgecanbeimprovedbymoredetailedevaluationofthemeteringandbillingsystemstoimprovetheestimationsofapparentlosses(andsoreducetheerrorintheremainderwhichisrealloss).
TheWUPhighlightsareasforimplementation(seeAppendixC).InadditiontheinitialreviewoftheAuditSoftwareresultshighlightedthefollowingaspossibleissues:
I. Validityofdata–anumberof thedataevaluationswereestimateswhichneedadditionalworktoproveandvalidate.ImprovementsweremadeinCY2014,butadditionalworkstillneedstobedone.
II. Leakage–There isarelatively largereal lossvolumeexpectedtobe leakage.DistributionandTransmissionmainleakagesurveyswillcontinuetobeneeded.
III. Meteraccuracy–moreanalysisneedstobeconductedannuallytoimprovemeteraccuracy.Testingdataneedstobeevaluated,replacementprogramsanalyzedandadetailedtestingprogramfor1‐to2‐inchmetersinitiated.In2015,theutilityhasstrivedtoimprovelargemeteraccuracybyincreasingthefrequencyoftestingonlargecustomermetersaswellaswholesalemeters. Large customermeters (3” and larger) are tested on an annual basisinsteadoftheoriginal3yearrotationbasis. Wholesalemeteraretested(wherepossible)bi‐annually.Additionally,theimplementationofthelargecustomermeterassessmentand
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production meter assessment projects will increase the understanding and validation ofinformationforthe2105audit.
IV. Billingsystemaccuracy–therelativelylargewaterlosscomponentmeansthatevaluationofcustomeraccountstoreduceapparentlosserrorfrommis‐classifiedormissingaccountsis advisable. As part of themeter assessment programs, the billing data for these largemeterswillbereviewedbythirdpartypersonnelwhichwilllikelyincreasethevalidationofmeteringcomponentsduringthe2015audit.
6.1 RECOMMENDED BEST PRACTICE IMPROVEMENTS Recommendeditemsforbestpracticeimprovementinclude;
Validity of Data
1. Conductdiscussionswiththerelevantstaffforeachofthepriorityitems.Re‐evaluatedatafrommultipleyearsandremoveorunderstandanomalies
2. Continuetoevaluatecalibrationdataandtestingdataforproduction/finishedwatermeterson an annual basis. Conduct flowvolume to complement the electronic calibration.Movefrom estimation to calculation of the master meter error adjustment. (Also see meteraccuracysectionforretailmeterdatavalidity)
3. Continue to conduct the audit onan annual cycle.Continuediscussionswith theworkinggrouptoanalyzeandassesswaterlosses,andtocreateaccountabilityfordata.
Reduce Leakage
1. Continuewith theautomated (leaknoise logger) surveymethodsand increaseamountofmanualgroundsurveystoimproveactiveleakagecontrol.
2. Construct pilot district metered area(s) in one or more selected portions of the system.Analyzeactualleakageforthe(se)specificsystemsectorsanddeterminethecosts,benefitsandcomplexitiesofexpandingtoadditionalareas.
3. Conductadditional“bottom‐up”analysisofleakageresultsthroughtestingindistrictareastodetermineeffectivenessofsurveymethods.
4. Conductevaluationofpressuremanagementpotential.
5. Conduct a review of staffing levels and equipment that may be required for properimplementationofrecommendations.
Meter Accuracy
1. Conducttestingofaselectionofretailmetersof1‐inch,1.5‐inchand2‐inchsizestocomplementtheworkonthe5/8‐inchand3‐inchandlargermetersthatwereconductedin2012.Continuetotestmetersofallsizesandmanufacturersthroughoutthefollowingyears.Recordtheaverageinaccuracy,weighttheaveragedependingonthevolumethrougheachmetersize,andrecordintheauditforCY2015year.
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2. Testthewholesalecustomermeterstwiceayear.Determineifthereareanyinaccuraciesandrecordthisintheoverallaudit.Continuetotestthewholesalecustomermeterstwiceperyear.Implementaprocesswhereanyinaccuraciesareactivelyrecordedfortheannualaudit.Additionally,developawrittenprocedurethatinsuresthatallwaterusedfortestingisbeingaccountedforinfutureaudits.
3. Analyzemastermetertestingresultseveryyear,andnoteandcalculateanydiscrepanciesontheaudit.
Billing System Accuracy
1. Conductdetailedreviewofbillingsystemoperations,including
a. Reviewoflargemetermultipliers
b. Reviewofclassificationsforaccountswithchangeofuse
c. Cross‐reference property parcels, tax and utility records to water utility accountrecords
2. Conductpilotbillingsystemanomalyassessmenttomakesurethattherearenoerrors inaccountingofdata,orfrommeterreadingstothebillingsystem.
SomeofthemainbusinessbestpracticechangeswhichcouldbeusedtoimproveandreducewaterlossesareoutlinedinSections6.1.1through6.1.4
Prioritisation of Implementation Programs
Eachoftheprogramsdescribedaboveandintheoutlinesbelowwillprovidesomemeasureofaidtoreducingthevolumeofwaterlossand/orreducetherevenueimpactofthoselosses.Aswouldbeexpectedsomewillhaveafasterreturnoninvestment.Astheanalysesaredevelopedanddatafurthervalidatedtheleveltowhichthelossescanbereducedwillbebetterunderstood.Theanalysisofexistingleakagedataisaidingwithprioritization,butdevelopmentofthedistrictmeteredareaandpressuremanagementpilotswillenablemoreaccuratecostbenefittobedevelopedforreallosses.Thiswillhelptodeterminewhethertechniquessuchasstandardacousticsurveys,technology(e.g.noiseloggers),orpressuremanagementarethemosteffectiveforreducingleakage.Apparentlossesarealreadybeingprioritizedthroughtheanalysisofthemetertestingdataoverthepastfewyears.Thisisimprovingknowledgeofwhenmetersarefailingandwhentheyshouldbereplaced.Thisprioritizationwillbeimprovedasthesedynamicsarebetterunderstoodthroughanalysisofadditionaldataandthroughevaluationofthebillingsystemanditsinteractionwiththesemeteringsystems.
6.1.1 Validity of Data ‐ Improving Validation
Improvementsinvalidationcouldincludeannualreviewofdataandmorediscussionregardingthescoringoftheaccuracyofdata.Theperformanceindicatorsdevelopedaboveshouldbeusedinthiseffort.ThisisalsocompletedwithintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftwareonabasiclevel(usinga1to10scoringsystem),andthisformatcouldbeincludedintheadditionalperformanceindicators.Staffwouldthenreviewthescoringandtheimportanceofthevariable,andworktowardsimprovingthevalidationscoresofthemostimportantindicators.
Transparentanalysisofdatamustbedeveloped.Arevenueenhancementteamshouldbesetuptoincludemembersfromeachdepartment,whomakesureallthedataisreviewed,andestimatesarereplacedbyactualdatathroughincreasedvalidation.Eachmembershouldbeaccountablefortheirportionofthedataset.Thedatasetcouldbedividedamongteammembersinasimilarformatwith
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theperformanceindicators.Thisgroupshouldmeetatleasteveryquarter.Thedepartmentsinvolvedinthisteamshouldinclude(butnotbelimitedto):Administration/Management,CustomerService/Billing,Finance,MeterMaintenance,Operations,Personnel/HumanResources,SpecialProjects,andTreatment.
6.1.1.1 Continue Annual Water Audit
ConductanannualwaterauditfortheentireDepartment’ssystem,andifpossibleforselectedpressurezones.Inaddition,futureauditingandreportingfortheDepartmentshouldbeperformedwitheitheranoverreachingauditdepartment/managementanalystorathirdpartyauditor.Thispartywillreviewthedocumentation,andreportitannuallytoalldepartments(atleastinternally).
TheAWWAmethodologyremovesitselffromtheunaccounted‐for‐waterpercentagesusedinpreviousyears,andfocusesmoreonperformanceindicatorssuchasgallonsperconnection.Theseindicatorsaregenerallymorerobustandlesssusceptibletoclimaticchangesfromyeartoyear.Itisexpectedthatpercentageswillstillbeusedbyadministrationandbudgetstaff.However,withrespecttowaterlossespercentageisapoorindicatorandshouldbeusedsparingly.
Onceperformancetrendsareestablished,astaffmembershouldbeassignedtoreviewandcontrolthedata.InmanycasesthemostefficientmethodistohaveaManagementAnalystworkingfull‐timeonthisanalysis.Thisworkalmostalwayspaysforitselfwiththerevenueenhancementsandsavingsthatthisindividualcanfindandhelptomanagereduction.
6.1.2 Reduce Leakage
GeneralDepartmentresponseandactionwithrespecttowatermainbreaksisequaltooraboveindustryaverages.Therearesomeareasofpossibleimprovementavailableinallthreecomponentsofreportedleakage:awareness,location,andrepair.
TheDepartmentcurrentlyhasanexcellentactiveleakagecontrolprogram,andthisprogramshouldimprovewiththeadditionofextrastaffandreviewofhistoricdata.Withrespecttounreportedleaks,theDepartmentcanimprovebyreducingthetimetosurveythesystem.However,therearesignificantconstraintsbeyondthecontrolofMDWASDwhichhamperthiseffort.Theseincludethelinelocationcompanytimerequirementswhicharesetandfixedtimelines.Oncemoredetailedanalysisofthecostsandbenefitsoftheleakdetectionprogramisperformed;theactualreductioninwaterlossescanbeestimated.IfthereallossesarestillgreaterthantheILIgoal,thenadditionalresourcescouldbetargetedtoreducethesurveycyclefurtherorotherwiseimprovetheleakdetectionandrepairprocess.Thiswouldreducetheruntimeofunreportedleaksandreducewaterlossesproportionally.
Tocontrolleakagetotheeconomiclevel,3anincreasedlevelofactiveleakagecontrolbeyondthatcurrentlyemployedbytheDepartmentislikelytoberequired.Thecurrentpracticeofutilizingacousticnoiseloggersisexcellentpractice;however,thiswillnotfindalltheleakageinasystemduetotheconflictingnoisesinadistributionsystem.Electricaltransformers,streetlights,pumpingequipmentandpipelinebendsandconstrictionscanallcausenoisesignatureswhichcanconfusethenoiseloggingunits.Thereforeacomponentofthisprogramshouldalsoincludefieldstaffconductingacousticsurveyswithequipmentspecificallydesignedforsurveyingofwaterleaks,andlisteningtoallthehydrants,valves,andfittingsintargetedareas.Remotetechnologyisanexcellenttool,butitdoesnotyetactasatotalreplacementforactivesurveys.Performanceindicators
3 At the economic level of water loss, the cost of additional water loss reduction outweighs the benefits.
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showingthenumberofleaks,typesofleaks,andidentificationmethodshouldberecordedandreported.
Thecurrentdualmainreplacementprogramwillalsoaidthereductionofleakageastheoldgalvanizedservicelinesinalleywaysareknowntobeamajorsourceofleakagewherevertheyarestillpartoftheinfrastructuremix.Also,hot‐spotareaswithunusuallylargeleakageshouldbeidentifiedandmeasuredthroughactivesurveys,andtargetingmethodssuchasDistrictMeteredAreas(DMA).Thiswouldallowbettertargetingofresourcestothemostproblematicareas.
6.1.2.1 District Zone Active Leak Detection
ActiveleakdetectionshouldincludethedevelopmentofDMAstoimprovetheknowledgeofactualamountofwaterlossinapilotzone.ThissubsectionalsodescribesanoverviewofanactiveleakdetectionprocesseswhichcouldbeusedfortheDepartment.
6.1.2.2 District Metering
Districtmeteringreferstorecordingallflowsintoadiscreteareaofthedistributionsystem.Dataregardinginflowsintothediscreteareaprovidethebasisofanassessmentoflevelsofwaterloss,aswellasaidinginquantifyingactualreductionsinthelevelsofwaterlossesachievedbyvariousactivities.Reallossisusuallyassessedbasedontheminimumflowrateinagivenarea.TheMinimumNightFlow(MNF)usuallyoccursbetween02:00AMand04:00AMeachmorning,andisoneofthemostmeaningfulpiecesofdataformeasuringleakage.However,intheDepartment‐specificcase,therewillbesectorswithinthedistributionsystemwheretheminimumflowratedoesnotoccurduringthisperiod.Thoseareaswithnewerhomes,whichhaveautomaticsprinklersystems,canchangethewaterusecharacteristicsconsiderably.Automaticsprinklersareoftensetbetween2AMand4AM.Inthesecases,itismoredifficulttodeterminetheminimumflowunlessartificialmethodsareincorporatedsuchasrestrictingoutdoorwaterusetospecificdaysoftheweek.Duringthelowest‐useperiod,thepressureishigher,authorizedconsumptionisataminimum,andtherefore,leakageisatitsmaximumpercentageofthetotalflow.Ifthereweredayswithintheweekwherenoirrigationwasallowed,thenitwouldbepossibletocontinuewiththispracticeduringtherestoftheyear.
Districtmeteringmaybecomplexorcostlytoimplementinsomeportionsofthesystem.Pilotstudyareaswillallowthesecostsandcomplexitiestobeevaluated.Analysisofminimumnightflowsrequirestheuseofsophisticatedtechniquestodeterminelegitimatenightuse,whichincludeconductinganAssessedNightUsestudy.CurrentlynoDMAstudieshavebeenconductedwithintheDepartmentservicearea.
6.1.2.3 Analysis of Flow and Pressure Data
Analysisofflowandpressureshouldbeconductedinordertoevaluatethegreatestriskforleakage.Ingeneral,thehigherthepressure,thegreatertheriskofleakagethereis.
Figure6‐1showsanexampleinstallationofapressureloggerontheoutletfromaPRV.
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Figure 6‐1 Example Pressure Logger Installation
6.1.2.4 Improve Current Leak location practices
Decreasingleakawarenesstimescanbeaccomplishedbyeducatingandengagingthepublic,utilitystaff,andprivategroupstobemorevigilantinreportingleakage.ThiscanbepartiallyachievedthroughtheexistingPublicAwarenessProgram.Leaklocationtimescanbereducedbyutilizingspecifictechnologyandbyprovidingadditionaltrainedleak‐locatingcrews.Thelimitingfactorassociatedwithfasterrepairtimesmaybeassociatedwithobtainingtimelyutilitylocates.Byimprovingotherutility(gas,electricDepartment,etc.)locationtimes,repairscanbecompletedinamoretimelymanner.
6.1.3 Meter Accuracy ‐ Water Meter Testing and Replacement
MeteraccuracyisoneofthemostimportantfactorswithrespecttooverallwaterlossesintheDepartmentsystematthetimeofthisproject.Improvementinthisareawillnotreducetheamountofwaterdelivered,butwillsignificantlyincreaserevenuesfrompreviouslyunder‐performingmeters.Thefollowingsubsectionsoutlinesomeofthemethodswhichcanbeusedtoanalyzethetruevalueofthelossesandwaystoalleviatethem.
6.1.3.1 Volume Limits
Asampleofresidentialmeterswiththroughputvolumeswhichareabovethewarrantylimits(Table6‐1)forrepairedmetersshouldbetested.Itisexpectedthatthereareanumberof2‐,1.5‐,1‐,and5/8‐inchmeterswithflowvolumesinexcessofthewarrantylimits.The5/8‐inchmetersarealreadybeingtestedaspartofanongoingprograminitiatedin2012.
Metertestingisexpectedtodeterminethatdegradationofthemeteraccuracyoccursatarateofthroughputgreaterthanthewarrantyvolume.Thismaybeuptothreetimesthewarranty(asdevelopedinpreviousstudies,butonlyorganizedtestingandanalysisoftheseresultswillallowthistobedetermined.
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Table 6‐1 Example Meter Volume Warranties
METERSIZE UNITSWARRANTYLIMITS 1.5XWARRANTY
5/8‐inch CCF 2,005(1.5MG) 3,008(2.25MG)
1‐inch CCF 4,010(3MG) 6,015(4.5MG)
1.5‐inch CCF 6,684(5MG) 10,026(7.5MG)
2‐inch CCF 10,694(8MG) 16,041(12MG)
Ifthecustomerisusingenoughwaterforthemetertobeoutofwarranty(throughflowvolume)withinfiveyears,thenthecustomershouldbecontactedinanefforttoreducetheirusagetowithinthenormalrangeofthemeterwarranty.Ifthisisnotpossible,themetersshouldbechangedoutformeterswithlargerdiameters(oncemeter‐sizinganalysis[seeAWWAmanualsM22andM6formoreinformation]determinesthebestmetersizeforthecustomer).Inaddition,improvementsinmeteraccuracywillimproverevenuerecoveryfromsewerusagecharges.Theseneedtobereviewedwithinthisstrategy.
6.1.3.2 Age Limits
Mostmeterreplacementprogramsarebasedonage.Inmanycases,theturnoverofmetersisquickerthannecessary.Thesamestandardizedtestingregimeusedforvolumeofthroughputshouldbecompletedformeterswithrespecttoageaswell.Testsfromothersystemshavedeterminedagesofreplacementupto25years(dependingalsoonotherfactorssuchasvolumeofthroughput).Thiswouldbe10yearsbeyondthefactorywarrantylimits,andcouldtheoreticallydefer40%ofnormalexpenditureonthemeterscomparedtoarepairpolicyjustbasedonwarranty.
Itshouldbenotedthatwearenotrecommendingablanketmeterreplacementprogramofevery25years.Thisistheexpectedaverageageofmeters,duetoprogramsandtestingdevelopedthroughcarefulstudy,andwouldneedtoberelatedtotheDepartmentspecificdataforittoapplytotheDepartmentaswell.Thestructuredapproachevaluatingvolume,variationsinhigh,intermediate,andlowflow,aswellasageandmetersizingisrecommended.
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6.1.3.3 Testing of Meters
TheformatofmetertestingshouldfollowthecurrentAWWAstandards.Thisisasfollows:
Table 6‐2 AWWA Standard Flow Test Ranges
METERSIZE UNITS FULL INT LOW
5/8‐inch GPM 15 2 ¼
1‐inch GPM 40 4 ¾
1.5‐inch GPM 50 8 1.5
2‐inch GPM 100 15 2
3‐inch GPM 150 20 4
4‐inch GPM 200 40 7
6‐inch4 GPM 500 60 12
Additionally,eachtestshouldincludea“testblank”whichisanewmeterwithknowntesthistoryfromthemanufacturer.Ifthismeterwhentestedismorethan2%outsidethemanufacturertestedrange,thenthismetershouldbesentbacktothemanufacturerforre‐testing.Ifthereisstilla2%discrepancybetweenthemanufacturer’stestandthetestconductedbyDepartmentstaff,thenanotherrepresentativetestshouldbeconductedbya“third‐party”metertester.Oncethisisconductedthecorrectanalysiscanbeevaluated.
6.1.3.4 Conduct Assessment of AMR/AMI Implementation
AnevaluationofthecostsandbenefitsofthecurrentmeteringprogramsisunderwayinCY2015.Thereviewwillincludeexpectedtimelinesandcostsforfuturemaintenanceand/orreplacement.Currentlythestaffcostsforbillingareverylow,andadditionalfactorswouldberequiredtomakeafixednetworkorsimilarAMR/AMIimplementationcosteffective.Staffwouldassessandreportonthesecostsandbenefits,andrecommendthemostadvantageousprogram.
6.1.4 Billing System Accuracy
TheDepartmenthasdedicatedstaffandputprocessesinplacetoassistindetectingbillingsysteminaccuracies;howevermanyofthesechecksandcontrolsarededicatedtohighorlowexceptions,meterchanges,submeterusage,andno‐readswithlimitedchecksforreviewingbillingsystemaccuracyonotherbills.
6.1.4.1 Review Unauthorized Uses
Conductananalysisoftheftofservice,andcustomersnotcurrentlyreceivingthecorrectbill.Thisneedstobeinconjunctionwithabillinganalysis.Initialreviewwouldincludeanalysisofcustomerswithwaterservicebutnowastewaterservice,accountsthatconsistentlyreadzero,identificationofaddresseswithnoservice,etc.
4 The large meter testing flow rates are being changed in the newest version of AWWA Manual M6 (2014). See this manual for more detailed testing information.
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6.1.4.2 Evaluate Mis‐classified Accounts
Evaluateandcorrectaccountswithmis‐classifiedmetertypes(residentialorirrigation)toenablemoreequitablecostofserviceforallcustomers.Thewateruseassociatedwithasprinkleraccountisnotassessedaseweragecharge,thereforeanymis‐classifiedaccountswouldneedtobedeterminedandchanged.
6.1.4.3 Water Billing Data Quality Control
AlthoughtheDepartmenthasstaffspecificallydedicatedtobillingprocessandreadexceptionanalyses,additionalresourceswouldenhancetheprogress.Existingstaffhaveotherbillingrelatedtasks.Underthisstrategy,theDepartmentwoulddedicateafull‐timeManagementAnalysttooverseethewaterlossreductionandrevenueenhancementprogram.ImprovementsinwaterlossreductionmustbedocumentedtoshowthattheDepartmentisimproving,andthattheinvestmentcommittedtotheBilling,MeterMaintenance,andLeakDetection/Operationsdepartmentsisreducingtheselosses.TheManagementAnalystshouldinterfacewithallrelevantDepartments,collateandorganizeallthedata,andpreparereportsontheperformanceofeacharea.Thiswillinclude,butnotbelimitedto,thefollowingrecommendedactivities:
Reviewsewerusagechargestoimproverevenuerecoveryfrominaccuratemeters.Thisisanadd‐ontotheanalysisofmeteraccuracy.Sinceitisnotexactlyaone‐to‐onerelationshipbetweentheinaccuracyofthewatermeterandthelossofsewercharges,thisneedstobeanalyzedseparately.
Reviewcustomeraccountswithawateraccount,butnowastewateraccount.
Reviewfirelineclassification,anddetermineifanyareunbilled.
6.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOSSES Inthecurrenteconomicclimate,financialpressurewilldriveallinvestmentsininfrastructurewhichcandrivedownleakageandapparentlosses.Itwillbeaveryimportantnextsteptocontinuetoevaluatetheeconomiclevelofeachofthewaterlossareas.
Focusingononeormoreofthebestpracticeimprovementsdepictedabovecanhavetheeffectofdrivingtheannualwaterlossvolumefromthecurrentleveltowardstheunavoidableannualvolumelevel.Somewhereinbetweenwillbetheeconomiclevelfortheutilitytomaintain.Theeconomicleveloflossesisusuallydescribedasfollows:whenthesavingsfromtherecoveredwaterexactlyoffsettheexpendituretosavethewater.However,allnewsourceshaveanassociateddevelopmentcost.Therefore,theeconomiclevelofrecoveryforreallossesshouldalsoaccountfortheminimumamountthatanewwaterresourcecancost.ThisavoidedcostisamorerelevantbaselinefortheDepartmentduetothefuturewaterresourceconstraintssuggestedinthe20yearplanninghorizonoftheWaterUsePlan.
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Appendix A. Implementation Plan
Exhibits17Aand17BoftheDepartment’sWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐WofFebruary9,2015,providesascheduleofactivitieslistedinthewaterlossreductionplan.
BelowarelistedalltheactivitieslistedinExhibits17Aand17B.Eachitemisfurtherdescribedinthefollowingsections.
AppendixA‐TableofContents
A.5 RecommendationsforRealLossReduction
A.5.3.1 SystemDesign(ActiveReview)[Completed]
A.5.3.2.2 SystemManagement
A.5.3.2.3 AssetMaintenanceorReplacement
A.5.3.2.4 ReduceMaintenanceResponseTimes
A.5.3.2.5 ActiveLeakageControlandSounding
A.5.3.2.6 NumbernotusedinTable
A.5.3.2.7 PressureManagement
A.5.3.2.8 SpeedandQualityofRepairs
PerformVenturiComparativeTests
ConductWholesaleCustomerUnmeteredConnectionSurvey[Completed]
PilotFixedNetworkAMR
EnhanceGISDatabase
A.6 RecommendationsforApparentLossReduction
A.6.3.1 ReducingUnmeteredSupplies
A.6.3.2 ImprovedMeterAccuracy
A.6.3.3 CommercialMeterTypesandSizes
A.6.3.3.2.1 CompoundMetersandTurbineMeterComparisonofUsage
A.6.3.3.2.2 SettingEconomicMeterTestingGoals
A.6.3.4 ImprovedCalibrationofWholesaleCustomerMeters
A.6.3.5WholesaleCustomerUnmeteredConnectionAnalysis
ConductFieldAccuracyTestingofCommercialMeters
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PilotAMRtoImproveDataandReduceCost
CharacterizeResidentialWaterDemandUsePattern
DetermineEconomicOptimumforResidentialMeterReplacement
A.5.3.1 – SYSTEM DESIGN (5.3.1 IN WATER USE PERMIT)
History
Completed
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
None
A.5.3.2.3 – ASSET MAINTENANCE OR REPLACEMENT ActionItem:TheDepartmentinitiatedeffortstoevaluateandimprovethedistributionpipereplacements.
History
In2010,MDWASDperformedan‘EconomicAnalysesofLeakDetectionProgramandPipeReplacement’study,whichevaluatedhistoricaltrendstoestablishanadaptivestrategyforpipereplacementandleakdetectionprogramsbasedonstatisticalanalysisofleakincidences,pipereplacementinvestments,andeconomiclevelsofreturn.Thestudyproposedamodifiedapproachtoalignsystembettermentinvestmentswitheconomicimpactassessmentofleakincidences.
In2010,MDWASDalsoinitiatedthe“ConditionAssessmentofPrestressedConcreteCylinderPipe(PCCP)”programwhichsurveyedthemajorwatertransmissionpipelines.Asaresultoftheassessment,MDWASDdevelopedarehabilitationprogramusingCarbonFiberReinforcedPlastic(CFRP)systemandover40milesofPCCPwereinspectedin2011.
In2012theDepartmentcompletedinspectionofall120milesoflargediameterPCCPpipeinthewaterdistributionsystemandsuccessfullyrepaired/replaced118segments.
In2013theDepartmentupdatedthedistributionsystemdatabasewithnewdevelopmentsandreplacementsincludinginformationonpipeageandpipematerialtobettercorrelatepipebreakswithpiperehabilitationand/orreplacementefforts.
3. Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014theDepartmentupdatedtheGISdatabaseforreplacementsincludinginformationonpipeageandpipematerial.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Implementthemodifiedapproachforpipereplacementasrecommendedbythestudy.
Whilecollectingleakdetectionandpipelinedata,recordtheinformationthatintegratestheinterconnectivityofthesystemandtherelationtoothersetsofdata,suchasundergroundpipematerial,size,age,andenvironment(i.e.soiltype,soilcorrosivity,etc.)thatcanhelpdocumentthebasisforpipefailure.
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Validatetheaccuracyoftheassetconditionassessmentthroughevaluationthroughfieldtesting.ContinuethePCCPrehabilitationprogram,asrecommendedintheassessment.
Followupontherecommendationsofthisstudyinordertoconductpipelineconditionassessmentonthosesegmentsofthedistributionsystemfoundcritical.
A.5.3.2.4 – REDUCE MAINTENANCE RESPONSE TIMES MDWASDinitiatedeffortstoreducethetimeittakesforitsmaintenancecrewstorespondtoleaksandtoimprovethespeedandqualityofitsrepairs.
History
MDWASDhaskeptbasicdataonspeedandqualityofrepairformanyyears,however,untilrecentlyithasnotgenerallybeentransferredtoAssetManagementdatabasesformoreaccuratereview.QualityofrepairshasbeendrivenbyutilizationofstandardmethodsandpracticessuchasthosedevelopedfromAWWAStandardsdocuments.
In2013MDWASDcommencedincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014theDepartmentreviewedthetrackingofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).Examplecomponentanalysisreviewofresponsetimeswasconsidered.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Continuewithdevelopmentofanactivedatabaseofthetimesthatleakswerereported,pinpointedandrepaired.Thecostsofrepair(laborandmaterials)shouldalsobeincludedantheamountoflostwaterestimatedwhenthisdataisavailable.Thisdatashouldbeusedtodeterminethecostsofeachleakandcost‐benefitofavoidingthesecostsdeveloped..
Toreduceresponsetimestorepairleaksofthegreatesvalue,itisrecommendedthattheprogramincludeleakclassificationsaspartoftheworkordergenerationproceduresasameanstoprioritizeleakrepairs.
Evaluateawarenesstimesincaseswhereknownissueshaverunforextendedperiodsoftime(butwerenotassociatedtoleakageuntilafteraleakwasfound).
Conductareviewofthequalityoffittingsandrepairs.Evaluateifanyofthefittingsusedareperformingpoorlyandifsoreviewthestandardsandspecificationsaroundtheseitems.
Reviewcurrentfailureanalysisdocumentationaswellasallrepairdatatodetermineamoreefficientandcostefficientproceduretoincreasereturnoninvestmentwhilereducingwaterloss.
Conductareviewofstaffinglevelsandequipmentthatmayberequiredforimplementingrecommendations.
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A.5.3.2.5 – ACTIVE LEAKAGE CONTROL AND SOUNDING MDWASDinitiatedanactiveleakagecontrolandsoundingprogram,includingbothunmanned(noiselogger)andmannedleakpinpointing.
History
In2010,MDWASDperformedan‘EconomicAnalysesofLeakDetectionProgramandPipeReplacement’study,whichevaluatedhistoricaltrendstoestablishanadaptivestrategyforpipereplacementandleakdetectionprogramsbasedonstatisticalanalysisofleakincidences,investments,andeconomiclevelsofreturn.Thestudyproposedamodifiedapproachtoalignsystembettermentinvestmentswitheconomicimpactassessmentofleakincidences.
MDWASDisalsointheprocessofincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).
In2013MDWASDinitiatedanevaluationofautomatedleakagedetectionthroughleaknoiseloggers.Twosystemsweretrialed(thetrialsarecontinuinginto2014)andevaluationsofsuccesscomparedwithleaksdetectedandrepairedarebeingconducted.MDWASDhasalsoincreasedthesensitivityofitsleakdetectionprogrambyreducingthedistancebetweennoiseloggers(bothautomatedandmanuallydeployed).Mappingwasconductedtodeterminethelocationofleakswithinthesystem.ThiswastransferedontoGISandleak“hotspot”mapsdeveloped.Currentlythedataisshownbyleakspersquaremile.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDfocusedonimprovingefficiencyoftheleaknoiseloggerdeployments.Thelift‐and‐shiftmethodologywasusedtosurveysystemandallowmoreeffectiveuseofleakpinpointingresources.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Implementthemodifiedapproachforleakdetectionasrecommendedbythestudy.
Whilecollectingleakdetectiondata,recordtheinformationthatintegratestheinterconnectivityofthesystemandtherelationtoothersetsofdata,suchasundergroundpipematerial,size,age,andenvironment(i.e.soiltype,soilcorrosivity,etc.)thatcanhelpdocumentthebasisforpipefailure/causesofleak.
Continuetoevaluateleakspermileofmainforthetotalsystemandpersectortogaininformationonwherereallossesare.Considerconnectingwiththehydraulicmodeltodetermineifpressure,age,ormaterialhasaneffectwithrespecttoleakage.
EvaluatetheeffectivenessofacousticleaknoiseloggersurveysversusstandardacousticsurveysconductedbyLeakageTechnicians.
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A.5.3.2.7 – PRESSURE MANAGEMENT Aspartofthis,MDWASDplanstocompleteaZoneManagementPilot.
History
MDWASDisintheprocessofdevelopingapilotstudyforPressureandZoneManagementthatwillassessastrategyfortimelyreducingsystem‐widerealwaterlosses(andattendantnon‐revenuewater)withoutcompromisinglevelofservice.
In2013initialreviewoftheMiami‐DadesystemwasconductedandtheMiamiSpringsareawaschosentobeevaluatedforapilotzoneevaluationforpressuremanagement.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014additionalreviewoftheMiami‐Dadesystemwasconductedandmeteringdatawasevaluatedpriortoanyfinaldecisionforapilotzoneevaluationforpressuremanagement.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Developaconceptualplanforthepilotstudy
AssesstheeffectivenessofpressuremanagementwithinMiamiSprings
A.5.3.2.8—SPEED AND QUALITY OF REPAIRS MDWASDinitiatedeffortstoimprovethespeedandqualityofitsrepairs.
History
MDWASDhaskeptbasicdataonspeedandqualityofrepairformanyyears,however,untilrecentlyithasnotgenerallybeentransferredtoAssetManagementdatabasesformoreaccuratereview.QualityofrepairshasbeendrivenbyutilizationofstandardmethodsandpracticessuchasthosedevelopedfromAWWAStandardsdocuments.
TheMDWASDhas10crewsdedicatedtofixanyleaksassoonaspossibleincludingnight‐shiftteams.
In2013MDWASDwasintheprocessofincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDcontinuedtoincorporateleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Updatethedistributionsystemdatabasewithpipeageandpipematerialtobettercorrelatepipebreakswithpiperehabilitation/replacementefforts.
Createandmonitormetricsforqualityoffixtures(howoftentheybreak,etc.)andthetimefromawarenesstorepair.
IncludetotheEAMStrackingadetailedfailureanalysisaswellaswhetheraleakwasreportedorunreported.Thisstepwillhelpmanagementmakemoreinformeddecisionsregardinglinerefurbish/replacement.
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ENHANCE GIS DATABASE MDWASDiscurrentlyenhancingitsGISdatabase.
History
MDWASDcontinuestoenhanceitsGISdatabasetoincludemoreinformationonitsdistributionsystemfeatures(pipelengths,diameters,materials,ageinservice,etc.).
TheGISdatabasewasqueriedtoaccessthecurrentmileageofpipelinewithinthesystem.Thedatabasecontinuestobeupdatedactivelywhenevernewwatermainprojectsarecompletedandafteranyfield‐basedreportsshowdifferencesfromwhatiscurrentlywithinthedatabase.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
AdditionalimprovementsintheGISdatabasewereincludedin2014.Thisincludedremovalofasmallnumberofmilesofrawwatermainpreviouslyincludedintheaudit.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Planintegrateduseofexpandedcapabilitiesinassetmanagementprogramandconductinitialfieldvalidationtoproveaccuracyofdatabase..
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPARENT LOSS REDUCTION
A.6.3.1 – REDUCING UNMETERED SUPPLIES MDWASDcontinueswitheffortstoreduceunmeteredwatersupplies.
History
Fire‐fightingandmainflushingarethelargestunmeteredusesinMDWASD’ssystem.Althoughnotmetered,mainflushingvolumesareestimatedusingindustryaccepted(flowxduration)protocolandareconsistentlyrecorded.Usagebyfiredepartmentsiscurrentlyneitherestimatednorrecorded.
In2010,FireDepartmentsthatreceivewaterfromMDWASDwereidentifiedandcontactedtorequesttheircooperationindevelopingamethodologytobetteraccountfortheirwaterusage.
In2013mainflushingcontinuedtobemonitoredactivelyandflowxdurationcalculationsdeveloped.Firedepartmentwaterusewasnotaccountedfor.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014mainflushingcontinuedtobemonitoredandflowxdurationcalculationsdeveloped.Firedepartmentwaterusecontinuestonotbeaccountedfor.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
ConductmeetingswiththeidentifiedFireDepartmentstoevaluatetheirwaterusage.
BasedonthefeedbackfromtheFireDepartments,developamethodologyforappropriatelyaccountingforFireDepartmentwateruse.
Recordallunmeteredusesanddevelopannualtrendsofthisusage.
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A.6.3.2 – IMPROVED (RETAIL) METER ACCURACY MDWASDcontinuestoconductfieldaccuracytestingofcommercialmeterstoimprovemeteraccuracy.
History
Somecommercialmetersiteshaveprovedtobechallengingtotest,notbecauseofthesites,butbecauseofcircumstancessuchasJacksonHospital’sinabilitytoshutdownanentirelinefortestingpurposes.
In2010,adedicatedtestingsitewasinstalledtotest4‐inchmeters.In2012,twonewtechnologies(ultrasoundandelectromagneticmeters)continuetobetested.In2012aresidentialmetertestingprogramwasinitiated.Morethan800metersweretestedin2012.
In2013MDWASDcontinuedtoconductaccuracytestingandevaluationtoestimatetheoverallaccuracyandreplacementofsuspectretailmeters.Analysisoftestdatawasalsoconductedbystaffinternstoevaluateage‐basedperformancedata.NewmeterssuchasSensusiPerlarebeingtrialled.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDfocusedonlargecustomermetertestingandrepair.Thedurationbetweentestswasactivelyreducedinthisaudityear.TheDepartmentisalsoimplementingalargecustomermeterassessment(2014/2015)tohelpdefineoverallmeteraccuracyanddeterminepropersizeandtypeofmetersinstalledonallcustomerswithmeters3”andlarger.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Determinemetertestingfrequencybymetersizeandconfigurationbasedoneconomicalandstatisticalanalysesofcommercialmetersamples.
Installtesttapsatlocationsthathavebeenevaluatedandinspectedwheredisplacementmetersandturbinemeterswerebeingusedinacompoundsetting.
Installandtestnewmetersforbetteraccuracyandlessmaintenance.
Monitorandanalyzedatatodirectreplacementandmaintenanceimprovements
A.6.3.3.2.1 – COMPOUND METER USAGE COMPARED TO SAME SIZE TURBINE METERS MDWASDinitiatedeffortstocomparecompoundmeterusagetosimilarly‐sizedturbinemetersettings.
History
MDWASDhasobtainedafewnewstyle“Omni”metersfromSensusforevaluation.ThesemetersactascompoundmetersandwereinstalledbyMDWASDatvarioussitesandpassedtheevaluationprocesswithsatisfactoryresultsregardingmeasurementofultralowflowswithafullrangeofhighflows.The“Omni”metershavenowbecomestandardforMDWASD.
In2013MDWASDcontinuedtouseandspecifytheOmnimeters.Continuedanalysishasbeenconductedtoproveoutthesatisfactoryresultsdevelopedinpreviousyears.
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Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDcontinuestouseandspecifytheOmnimeters.Continuedanalysishasbeenconductedtoproveoutthesatisfactoryresultsdevelopedinpreviousyears.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Continuetodocumenttheinitialevaluationof“Omni”meters.
Developandanalyzeadatabasewithtestingdataresults..Aspartofthelargecustomermeterassessmentprogram,varioustestdatawillbeanalyzedtodetermineanoverallinventoryaccuracy.
Continuereplacingtheobsoleteturbinemeterswith“Omni”orotherreliablemeterscurrentlyunderevaluationbyMDWASD.
Continuetotesttheturbinemeterstodeterminethemeteraccuracyandtorankreplacements
A.6.3.3.3 – LOOKING FORWARD (SETTING ECONOMIC METER TESTING GOAL)
History
Completed
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
None
A.6.3.4 – IMPROVED CALIBRATION OF WHOLESALE CUSTOMER METERS MDWASDiscurrentlyperformingcomparativeaccuracytestingonitswholesalecustomerventuri,turbine,andpositivedisplacementmeters.
History
MDWASDperformstestingofthewholesaleturbinemeterstwiceayear
VenturiMeterSites:In2010,stepsweretakentoconnectthesemeterstoSCADA.Testtapinstallationsthatarerequiredforaccuracytestingarepending.
TurbineMeterSites:ThesemeterswereallconnectedtotheAMRsystem.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
Thewholesalecustomermeterscontinuetobetestedtwiceperyear.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
PlanCapitalImprovementProgramrequiredfortestinginaccessiblemeters.
Continuetoconductsemi‐annualtestingofwholesalemeters
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A.6.3.5 – WHOLESALE CUSTOMER UNMETERED CONNECTION ANALYSIS MDWASDinitiatedunmeteredwholesalecustomerconnectionsurveyandanalysis.
History
In2009,MDWASDfoundawholesalemeterby‐passthatwasopenallowingunmeteredwaterdeliverytothewholesalecustomer.Allby‐passmetershavenowbeenlockedandevaluationofmeteringorconnectiontoSCADAwillbeundertakenin2011.
In2013MDWASDcontinuedtochecktheby‐passmeterstomakesuretheycontinuetobelockedandnotamperinghadbeenconducted.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014MDWASDcontinuedtochecktheby‐passmeterstomakesuretheycontinuetobelockedandnotamperinghadbeenconducted.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
CompletetheevaluationofmeteringandconnectiontoSCADAofallthewholesalemeters
Continuetomonitorallbypassestomakesurethatnounmeteredwholesaleuseisoccurring.
Considerinstallingbypassmetersonanyunmeteredline
PERFORM VENTURI COMPARATIVE TESTS ‐ WTPS MDWASDiscurrentlyperformingcomparativeaccuracytestingonthecombinedrawandfinishedwatermetersatitswatertreatmentplants.
History
In2012MDWASD;
ContractedwithGEMeasurementandControltoconductflowdiagnosticsofallthemagneticflowmeterscurrentlyinstalledatallthesupplywellsinthesystem.ThetestresultspresentedintheJune3,2012reporttitled“WellWaterFlowMeterVerificationReport”showedthatallthemetersarewithinthemanufacturer’snormaloperatingrangeandareregisteringflowsaccurately
In2012theDepartmentalsoconductedtheirbiannualcalibrationoftheflowtransmittersatalltherawandfinishedwaterventurimetersinthethreeplants.Calibrationreportsindicatedthatalltransmitters“passed”thecalibrationtestsinboththe“asfound”and“asleft”condition.
In2013calibrationwasconductedattheAlexanderOrr,HialeahandPrestonPlantsforfourrawwaterVenturiMetersandfinishedwatermeters.GEMeasurementandControlwasagaincontractedtoconductflowdiagnosticsofallthemagneticflowmeterscurrentlyinstalledatallthesupplywellsinthesystem
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
In2014aProductionMetersAssessmentwasinitiatedtomoreaccuratelyvalidatethefinishedwaterventurimeteringsystems.Thisisduetobecompletedin2015.
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Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Continuetoflowtestandcalibratemetersonanannualbasis
● TestingfortherawandfinishedVenturiwatermetersatsomeofthethePrestonandHialeahplantscannotbeperformeduntiltesttapsareinstalled.ReviewinstallationlocationsfortesttapsneededtovalidatethelevelofmeteringaccuracyatthePreston/Hialeahplants.
Identifyanycapitalprojectsthatmayberequiredtosupportmetertesting.
PERFORM COMPARATIVE TESTS – WHOLESALE CUSTOMERS MDWASDcontinuestoperformcomparativeaccuracytestingonitswholesalecustomerventuri,turbine,andpositivedisplacementmeters.
History
VenturiMeterSites:In2010,stepsweretakentoconnectthesemeterstoSCADA.Testtapinstallationsthatarerequiredforaccuracytestingarepending.
TurbineMeterSites:In2010,thesemeterswereallconnectedtotheAMRsystem.Evaluationofotherwholesalemetersispendinguponinstallationofadditionaltesttaps.
Wholesalecustomermeterswereflowtestedannuallywherepossible.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2013)
Wholesalecustomermeterswereflowtestedsemi‐annually.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
ContinuetoplanCapitalImprovementProgramsrequiredfortesting,monitoringand/orreplacementofinaccessiblemeters.
AdditionalevaluationoftheSCADAorAMIconnectivityisbeingconsidered
PILOT FIXED NETWORK MDWASDiscurrentlyexpandingtheAMR/AMInetwork.
History
In2010,MDWASDinitiatedtheexpansionoftheAMInetworkwiththeinstallationofadditionalAMImetersfromSensusMeteringSystems,Inc.Atotalof820AMImeterswereinstalledintheMDWASDserviceareaand4,300AMRmetersintheMiamiSpringsserviceareahavebeeninstalled.
MDWASDalsoworkedonajointAMIprojectwiththeParksdepartment.
AdditionalAMIandAMRinterfaceunitswereconnectedtothesystemin2013andtheMiamiSpringsnetworkwastested.Thissystemwasoperationalin2013,andwasoperationalforbillingpurposesin2014.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
TheMiamiSpringsAMInetworkwasoperationalinApril2014.Datafromthesystemhasbeenreviewedandevaluatedthroughtheaudityearandinto2015.
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Recommended Follow‐up Activities
ContinuetoexpandAMR/AMInetworkandcontinuetotestitseffectivenessintheMDWASDservicearea.EvaluatetotalsystemAMR/AMIpotential.
DETERMINE ECONOMIC OPTIMUM FOR RESIDENTIAL METER REPLACEMENT ThisitemrequiresthatMDWASDcharacterizeresidentialwaterdemandpatternsanddetermineeconomicoptimumforresidentialmeterreplacement.
History
“MeterMaster”loggersweredeployedtocharacterizeresidentialdemandinOctober2008andwererotatedthrougharepresentativesetofmetersonaweeklybasis.Residentialdemanddata,alongwithageandmetertestingdata,wasusedtoestablishaneconomicoptimumformeterreplacement.
SensusSRmodelmeterisanoldmeterdesignthatcomprisesmostoftheMDWASD’smeterinventory.In2010,MDWASDinvestigateddifferentmetermodelsandbegantoconsidernewmeterssuchasSensus“iPERL”.
In2011,MDWASDstartedtheimplementationof4,000+“iPERL”meters.
In2012aresidentialmetertestingprogramwasinitiated.Morethan800metersweretestedin2012.Reviewofthemetershopoperationsandpracticeswasalsoconductedtoimproveefficiencyofreplacementunderstandingandprocedures.
Analysisofthedegradationoftheretailcustomermeterswasevaluatedin2013toinitiatemoreactivereplacementpoliciesforthesemeterswithintheMDWASDsystem.Reviewofthelead‐freerequirementsofSection1417oftheSafeDrinkingwaterActwasconductedtoassesshowitmayaffecttherepairandreplacementoftheexistingmeterstock.
Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)
Meteringfocuswasshiftedtemporarilytothelargecustomermetersin2014.
Recommended Follow‐up Activities
Reviewresidentialtestingrequirementstoimprovesmallmeteraccuracy.
Continueloggingandanalyzingdatafromnew‐modelmetersinstalledinthesystemtoupdatetheassessmentoftheeconomicoptimumreplacement.
Continuethereplacementofresidentialmeterswiththenew“iPERL”orsimilarmeterswithintegraldatalogging.
Conductresidentialdemandpatternanalysiswithnewstandardmeterswhichcanbettermeasurelowflows.
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Appendix C. Water Use Permit
The Deparment’s current Consolidated Water Use Permit, Permit No. 13‐00017‐W, is available from the
South Florida Water Management District’s ePermitting webpage via the following link.
http://www.sfwmd.gov/ePermitting/DetailedReport.do?recordId=0&showMenu=false