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Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department | 2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN

BLACK & VEATCH | Table of Contents i

Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction..............................................................................................................................................1

1.1 BackgroundandScopeofWork..........................................................................................................12.0 2014WaterAuditandWaterLossOverview................................................................................3

2.1 WaterLossControlImprovementsintheAuditYear................................................................32.2 EstimatedWaterSavings.......................................................................................................................42.3 AWWAWaterBalanceAnalysisOverview.....................................................................................42.4 WaterLossStandardsandReductionStrategies.........................................................................6

3.0 DataAnalysis..........................................................................................................................................114.0 WaterTreatmentPlantLosses.........................................................................................................255.0 Results.......................................................................................................................................................37

5.1 RealWaterLossGoals..........................................................................................................................375.2 ApparentWaterLossGoal..................................................................................................................38

6.0 Recommendations................................................................................................................................396.1 RecommendedBestPracticeImprovements.............................................................................406.2 EconomicAnalysisofLosses.............................................................................................................47

AppendixA. ImplementationPlan.............................................................................................................49AppendixB. WaterAuditReport................................................................................................................61AppendixC. WaterUsePermit....................................................................................................................63

LIST OF TABLES Table2‐1 StandardAWWAWaterBalanceAnalysis......................................................................................4Table2‐2 DetailsofSelectedKeyPerformanceIndicators..........................................................................8Table3‐1 Miami‐DadeWaterandSewerDepartmentWaterTreatedandWaterSales..............13Table3‐2 WaterSuppliedValidationGrading................................................................................................14Table3‐3 AuthorizedConsumptionValidationGrading............................................................................15Table3‐4 WaterLossesValidationGrading....................................................................................................17Table3‐5 LeakDetectionEquipmentSummary............................................................................................18Table3‐6 SystemDataValidationGrading......................................................................................................20Table3‐7 OperatingCostDetails2014..............................................................................................................20Table3‐8 RetailUnitCostCY2013.....................................................................................................................21Table3‐9 FY2014WaterVolumetricRate......................................................................................................22Table3‐10 VariableProductionCost2014........................................................................................................23Table3‐11 CostDataValidationGrading............................................................................................................23Table4‐1 WTPCapacitiesandFlows.................................................................................................................25Table4‐2 SummaryofBiscayneAquiferWellfields.....................................................................................25Table4‐3 SummaryofFloridanAquiferWellfields......................................................................................26Table4‐4 AlexOrrWTPRawWaterFlows......................................................................................................28

2014 ANNUAL WATER LOSS REDUCTION PLAN | Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department

ii APRIL 2015

Table4‐5 Hialeah&PrestonWTPsCombinedRawWaterFlows..........................................................30Table4‐6 OrrWTPTreatedvs.RawWaterFlows........................................................................................33Table4‐7 VenturiMeterCalibrationResults:RawandFinishedWater.............................................36Table5‐1 PerformanceIndicatorsFY2014....................................................................................................37Table6‐1 ExampleMeterVolumeWarranties...............................................................................................45Table6‐2 AWWAStandardFlowTestRanges...............................................................................................46

LIST OF FIGURES Figure2‐1 WaterAuditsoftwareforCY2014.....................................................................................................5Figure2‐2 TheStandardIWAWaterBalance......................................................................................................7Figure3‐1 ExampleMeterAccuracyAnalysisofDegradingMeters(below90%

accuracy)from20125/8‐inchmetertests.................................................................................17Figure3‐2 AverageLengthofServiceLine,MeterattheCurbStop(Source:AWWA

Software)...................................................................................................................................................19Figure4‐1 AlexOrrWTPRawWaterFlows......................................................................................................29Figure4‐2 Hialeah/PrestonCombinedRawWaterFlows..........................................................................31Figure4‐3 PrestonWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows....................................31Figure4‐4 HialeahWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows....................................32Figure4‐5 Hialeah/PrestonWTPsCombinedDifferencebetweenTreatedandRaw

WaterFlows.............................................................................................................................................32Figure4‐6 OrrWTPDifferencebetweenTreatedandRawWaterFlows.............................................34Figure6‐1 ExamplePressureLoggerInstallation..........................................................................................44


BLACK & VEATCH | Introduction 1

1.0 Introduction TheSouthFloridaWaterManagementDistrict(SFWMDorDistrict)requiredtheMiami‐DadeWaterandSewerDepartment(MDWASD)toprepareanannualstatusreportofits20‐yearWaterLossReductionPlanimplementation,perLimitingCondition49oftheMiami‐DadeCountyWaterUsePermit‐PermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐Wof16July,2012.TheDepartmentretainedBlack&VeatchCorp(Black&Veatch)topreparethe2014AnnualWaterLossReductionPlanImplementationStatusReport(2014AnnualStatusReport)andprovideassistancewiththePlanimplementationin2014.Thisdocumentisthe2014AnnualStatusReport,whichincludeswaterauditsasrequiredbyLimitingCondition49oftheformerWaterUsePermit.

TheMDWASDwatersystemconsistsofthreeregionalwatertreatmentplants(WTPs),theSouthDadeWaterSystem(aseriesofwellfieldsandfivesmalltreatmentfacilities),treatedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilities,andapproximately7,700milesofwatertransmissionanddistributionpipelines.TheregionalfacilitiesaretheHialeah,JohnE.Preston,andAlexanderOrr,Jr.WTPs,whichhaveatotalcombineddesignedratedtreatmentcapacityof473MGD.TheHialeahandPrestonplantsservethenorthpartofthesystem,theAlexOrrplantservesthecentralpartofthesystem,andfivesmallwellfieldsandtreatmentfacilities,referredtoastheSouthDadeWaterSystemthatservesthesouthernmostpartoftheCounty.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemhasapermittedtreatmentcapacityof14.19MGDcollectivelyandconsistsof12wellssituatedintheLeisureCity(fourwells),Everglades(threewells),ElevatedTank(twowells),Newton(twowells),andNaranja(onewell)wellfields.

Distributionoffinishedwaterthroughouttheserviceareaisaccomplishedwiththeuseofsevenremotefinishedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilitiesaswellasstorageandpumpingstationslocatedatthewatertreatmentfacilities.Thewatersystemservesapproximately447,722retailcustomers,and15wholesalecustomersinaserviceareaofapproximately400squaremiles

Theoverallannualaveragedailyflowoftheentiresystemisapproximately302MGD.Rawwatersupplyforthethreetreatmentplantsiscurrentlydrawnfrom83Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedinthemajorwellfields(MiamiSprings,Northwest,West,Southwest,andSnapperCreek)andseveralwellsonsiteatthethreetreatmentplants.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemisservedby12Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedatthefivesmallerwellfieldsmentionedabove.

TwonewWTPswillprovideadditionalcapacitytothewatersystem.ThenewHialeahReverseOsmosis(RO)WTPisownedjointlybytheCityofHialeahandMDWASD.TheROplantwillhaveaninitialtreatmentcapacityof10MGDanditisdesignedtohaveanultimatecapacityof17.5MGD.TherawwatersourceforthisplantwillbethebrackishUpperFloridanaquifer.TheHialeahROWTPcommencedservicein2014.TheproposedSouthMiamiHeightsWTPwillreplacethreeofthesmalltreatmentplantsoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Thisplantwillbea20MGDmembranesofteningandROplantandwillhavethecapacitytotreatwaterfromboththeBiscayneandFloridanaquifers.Thisplantisscheduledtogointoservicein2019.

1.1 BACKGROUND AND SCOPE OF WORK TheDepartment’s20‐yearWaterLossReductionPlanwasbasedonanevaluationoftheDepartment’swatersupplyanddemandforFiscalYear(FY)2005.OnNovember15,2007,theSFWMDapprovedandissuedtheDepartmentitsConsolidatedPublicWaterSupply(PWS)WaterUsePermit(WUP)‐WaterUsePermitNo.13‐00017‐W.


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InDecember2009,theDepartmentsubmittedanapplicationforapermitmodificationtotheSFWMDpertainingtotheDepartment’salternativewatersupplyplan.Themodificationswererequestedasaresultofthelowerdemandsexperiencedandpopulationprojections.

InNovember2010,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐Wwhichexpiresin2030.

InMay2011,theDepartmentsubmittedasecondapplicationforasecondpermitmodificationtoSFWMDpertainingtotheDepartment’salternativewatersupplyplan.Theproposedmodificationswererequestedbasedoncurrentwaterusereductions,asaresultofthelowerthananticipatedpopulationgrowth,waterlossreductionandthesuccessfulimplementationoftheDepartment’sWaterConservationPlan,andpermanenttwodayaweeklandscapeirrigationrestrictionsbycountywideordinance.TheCounty’sfinishedwaterdemandisnowapproximately40milliongallonsperday(MGD)lowerthanwhatwasanticipatedwhenthefirst20‐yearwaterusepermitapplicationwassubmittedin2007,andthisdemandreductionhaseliminatedtheanticipatedsupplyshortagewhichwasthebasisforanambitiousscheduleofseveralcostlynear‐termalternativewatersupplyprojects.

InJuly16,2012,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐WwhichexpiresinDecember16,2030.AcopyoftherevisedWUPisincludedinAppendixC.

InFebruaryof2015,theSFWMDissuedarevisedWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐000017‐WwhichexpiresonFebruary9,2035.

TheWaterLossReductionPlanrecommendedrealandapparentwaterlossmitigationapproachesoverthenext20yearswithcorrespondingmonetarysavingsandimplementationschedulerecommendations.TheschedulesoftherealandapparentwaterlossreductionactivitiesarepresentedinAppendixAasExhibits17Aand17BoftherevisedWUP.Thetablesalsoprovidetheanticipatedannualwatersavingsandassociatedannualvalueofwatersavingsforthewaterlossreductionactivities.KeyrequirementsoftheWaterLossReductionPlanare:

Quarterlydeterminationofdistributionsystemlosses

AnnualreportingofdistributionsystemlossesonApril30ofeachyearforthepreviouscalendaryear

Determinationoflossesineachwatertreatmentplant(WTP)

WaterauditsinaccordancewithIWA/AWWAstandardmethodologies

Plannedannualreportingofwaterlossreductionactivitiesandexpenditures,alongwithassociatedwatersavingsforthesubsequentcalendaryear

Annualreportingofwaterlossreductiontrendsandchangesfromthepreviousyear

AnnualreportingofadditionalwaterlossreductionactivitiesifwaterlossesasdefinedbyAWWAmethodologyexceedtenpercent.


BLACK & VEATCH | 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview 3

2.0 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview BothrealandapparentlossesareveryimportanttotheDepartment,specificallyleakageofmains,andservicelines,theaccuracyofmetersandtheinteraction/analysisofthecustomerbillingsystem.TheDepartmentcontinuouslyisimplementingimprovementsthatcanbemadetoenhancerevenueandimproveefficiency.In2014,1,240waterleakswererepairedaspro‐activeleakdetectionmeasurescontinuetobeimproved.

2.1 WATER LOSS CONTROL IMPROVEMENTS IN THE AUDIT YEAR

2.1.1 Validation of Results

MDWASDhasincreasedandimproveditseffortsoverthepastcalendaryeartomoreaccuratelyunderstandandauditallthevariableswithintheAWWAstandardwateraudit.Inordertomakeinformeddecisionsasignificantamountofmetertesting,analysisofleakageandwatersupplieshasimprovedthevalidation.TheestimatedvalidationutilizingtheAWWAgradinghasdecreasedfrom77to75(outof100)between2013and2014.Whilethisisadecreaseingradingitsignifiesabetterunderstandingofcertainvariablesincludingaslightlymoreaccuratedescriptionofgradinginthefinancialauditofthesystemandunbilledmeteredusage.Thisresultsinimprovementinthelevelofunderstandingofthewatersystem.

2.1.2 Leakage Reduction

In2014therehasbeenacontinuedfocusonleakagereduction.Theleakagecontrolgrouphasincreasedthefrequencyofsurveysandcontinuednightshiftworktogetaccesstositesnotnormallypossibletosurveyduringtheday(busyintersections,etc.).Pilotschemesevaluatingautomationofleakagedetectionactivitieshavealsobeeninitiatedbytestingacousticleaknoiseloggersconnectedtodatacollectorsystems.Theoperationsgrouphasalsocontinuedtoreviewthelocationsofdifferenttypesofleakageinordertobetterunderstandthenatureofleakagewithrespecttopipematerialandsize.Thishasalsoledtothestartofamajordualmainreplacementprojectwhichtargetssmallgalvanizedservicelineswhicharelocalizedinalleywaysorbehindhomes.

In2014,1,240waterleakswererepairedasaresultofthewaterleakdetectioncrewsefforts.Thehighnumberofleakslocatedcanpartiallybeattributedtoamoreintensiveloggerplacementstrategy.

Thewaterleakdetectionprogramwasreconfiguredin2000.Thecrewhasbeenreducedtoninefull‐timestaffastheequipmentbecomesmorereliable(increasedefficiency).Thesystemisbrokenintofourterritoriesforacousticsurvey.Theteamsworkfromsouthtonorthandreportedlycompletethesystemsurveyonceevery10months.Theterritoriesaredefinedas;south,centraleast,centralwest,andnorth.

Currentlyallsurveyingiscompletedbyloggers.Overtimestaffhasdecreasedthespacingbetweenloggerssetforlift‐and‐shiftsurveying.Whatstartedoutas1000’intervalswasreducedto500’.Whenthespacingwasreducedto100’,thenumberofleaksdetectedincreasedasmorequietandserviceleakswereidentified.Manyoftheleaksthatledtothisincreaseinnumberoffailuresdeterminedwerearesultofservicelineleakswhereleadgoosenecksorpolybutyleneservicelineswerepresent.Leaksarepinpointedon‐sitewithrealtimecorrelatorsandgroundmicrophoneinstrumentation.Thepinpointingequipmentisoperatedbyexperiencedpersonnel.


4 APRIL 2015

Inadditiontotheliftandshiftmethodofsurvey,theDepartmenthascompletedanautomated,fixednetworkpilotprogramasawaytosurveyanareaonamorefrequentbasis.

AllleaksarereportedanddocumentedintheGISsystem.Thisinformationismonitoredcloselytodeterminewhetherasectionofwaterlineshouldbescheduledforreplacement.Aspartoftheprocess,thecrewtracksthetimeittakesfromthedaytheleakispinpointedtothetimeofrepair.Repairinformation,whichincludesabasicpipeassessment/failureanalysis,isalsotrackedviaGIS.

2.1.3 Meter Testing and Replacement

Themetertestingprogramhasbeencontinuedin2014includingbothresidentialandincreasedtestingwithregardstocommercialmeters.Allmeters3”andlargerarenowtestedonanannualbasis.Allwholesalemeters(whenpossible)aretestedtwiceperyear.This,coupledwiththecontinuingproductionmetertestingallowstheDepartmenttomoreaccuratelyallocatethelossesshownontheaudit.

2.1.4 Asset Condition Assessment

ThePureTechnologiesconditionassessmentprogramtargetedthelargepre‐stressedconcretecylinder(PCCP)transmissionmains.TheDepartmentiscontinuingtodeploytechnologiesthatpermittheinspectionoflivelineswithoutinterruptingthewaterservices.Watertransmissionlinesarebeinginspectedandconditionassessmentreportsarebeingprovidedtomanagefailureriskofcriticalpipelines.

2.2 ESTIMATED WATER SAVINGS PartoftheWUPistoprovethelevelofwatersavingsandcontinuallyimprovewaterlosscontrolthrough2035.The2014auditanalysisshowsthattheapparentlosseshavestabilizedandanumberofnewprojectsareunderwaytoreducethislevelfurther.Thelevelofsavingsneedstobetrendedovertimetoproveoutthatthesavingsareconsistentandimprovingthesystem’sefficiency.Astheunderstandingofthelosses(bothrealandapparent)improves,theseauditvaluesmaychange.

2.3 AWWA WATER BALANCE ANALYSIS OVERVIEW ThewaterbalancewascreatedusingtheAWWASoftware,andanalysisofexistingdataprovidedbytheDepartment.The2014dataincomparisonto2011,2012,and2013dataareshownonTable2‐1.Itshouldbenotedthattherearestillafewareaswheredatavalidationneedstobeimprovedtoproveouttheperformanceindicators.

Table 2‐1 Standard AWWA Water Balance Analysis

PERFORMANCEINDICATOR(PI) UNITS 2011 2012 2013 2014

TotalNRW(%byvolume) % 30.2% 27.9% 26.7% 29.1%

ApparentLoss Gallons/conn/day 44 22 22 22

RealLoss Gallons/conn/day 126 120 113 127

AWWAgrading (1‐100) 73 78 77 75

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Section3Analysisofthisreportisstructuredintheformatofthestandardwaterbalance,focusingonthefollowingsections:watersupplied,authorizedconsumption,waterlosses,systemdataandcostdata.TheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©(version5.0)hasbeenusedtocalculatealltherequiredindicators.Thisisthenusedtodevelopanoverallwaterbalance,andrelevantperformanceindicators.Eachvariablehasbeendiscussedandthereasoningbehindeachvaluerecorded.AllvaluesnotedinthissectionhavebeendevelopedfromdataprovidedbyMDWASD,andarefortheCalendarYear2014.

In overview, the data provided by MDWASD appears to be of good quality and validation. Theoveralldatavalidationscoreof75/100isgood.

Thereareanumberofvariablesthatarecurrentlyestimated(includingmeteraccuracy,andunbilledunmeteredwater).AllthedatadevelopedisincludedeitherintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©,orinadditionalspreadsheetsattachedtothismemoinAppendixB.

Thereportedperformanceofapparentlossesofapproximately22gallonsperconnectionperday,thereallossperformanceofapproximately127gallonsperconnectionperday,andInfrastructureLeakageIndexof10.49arerelativelyhigh,butstillwithintherangeofperformanceindicatorsforutilitiesofsimilarsizeandagewithinNorthAmerica.

Itshouldbenotedthatthelevelofrealwaterlosshasincreasedslightlyfrom2013to2014.Thelevelofapparentlosswasrelativelystableandoverallwaterlossreduced.

2.4 WATER LOSS STANDARDS AND REDUCTION STRATEGIES Thissectionpresentscurrentinternationalwaterlossreductionstrategies,andhighlightstheadvantages,disadvantages,andtheirapplicabilitytotheDepartment’ssystem.Inthissectionthefollowingwillbecovered:

Identifycurrentwaterlossreductionstrategies,

Critiqueandhighlightadvantagesanddisadvantagesofidentifiedstrategies,

ComparestrategyimplementationtocurrentDepartmentpolicy,and

Researchstrategyandimplementation.

Waterlossreductionstrategiesarebestbuiltuponcalibratedandstandardizedmodels.Therearetwokindsofauditsthatcanbeperformed:atop‐downwateraudit,andabottom‐upwateraudit.Thefollowingsectionissplitintotwoparts.Thefirstpart,thetop‐downwateraudit,discussesthemodeling/audittoolsandmethodsthatareusedtoproperlyquantifylosses,anddesignthestrategy.Thesecondpart,thebottom‐upwateraudit,discussesinterventiontoolscommonlyusedtoreducelosses.


BLACK & VEATCH | 2014 Water Audit and Water Loss Overview 7

2.4.1 Top‐Down Water Audit

ThefirststepoftheTop‐DownWaterAuditistoidentifyagroupofstakeholderswithintheutilitytoaidwithgatheringtherequireddataforafirstlookattheutilityperformance.Dataisgatheredandenteredinitiallyintoasimplewaterbalancemodel.Thewaterbalancemodelprovidesthelevelofdetailforwhichdataiscurrentlyavailableatthisdesktopanalysis(top‐down)level.Figure2‐2showsthemajorcomponentsofthemostcurrentAWWA/IWAstandardwaterbalancemodel.

Own Sources

Corrected System Input Volume

Water Export

Authorized Consumption

Billed Authorized Consumption

Billed Water Exported

Revenue Water

Water Supply

Billed Metered Consumption

Billed Un‐metered Consumption

Unbilled Authorized Consumption

Unbilled Metered Consumption

Non‐Revenue Water (NRW)

Water Imported

Unbilled Un‐metered Consumption

Water Losses

Apparent Losses

Unauthorized Consumption

Customer Metering Inaccuracies and Data Handling Errors

Real Losses

Leakage on Transmission and/or Distribution Mains

Leakage and Overflows at Utility’s Storage Tanks

Leakage on Service Connections up to point of Customer metering

Figure 2‐2 The Standard IWA Water Balance

Oncedataisgathered,andtheutilitystartsenteringitinthewaterbalancemodel,itislikelythatsomecomponentsoftherequireddataareeithernotavailableorwereoriginallyderivedfromestimatesorengineeringjudgments.Duringthetop‐downauditingprocess,thesecomponentsareassignedarelativelylowdataconfidencelevelthroughastandardizedgradingsystemdevelopedbyAWWAintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©.

Evenwithbasicdata,mostutilitiesfindthattheyareabletoprepareaninitialwaterbalance.Confidenceorgradinglevelsforeachinputcomponentisrecorded,andthemodelprovidesanaggregatedconfidencelevelforthemainwaterlosscomponentcategories.

Onceanaggregateconfidencelevelisobtained,theutilitycanidentifythecomponentsthatwillhavethelargestimpactonimprovingtheaggregatedconfidenceofeithertheapparentlossvolumeorthereallossvolume.Theseinputcomponentsarethentypicallyprioritizedforfieldvalidationasdiscussedbelow.

2.4.2 Data Validation & Confidence Limits

Thekeytobuildingabusinesscaseforinterventionagainstwaterlossistobaseitonfacts.Buildingabusinesscaseonanecdotalorestimateddatacanresultincostlyinvestmentsthatdonotprovidetheexpectedreturn.Field‐validatingdatacanbeexpensive,butthealternativemaybemoreexpensiveifthewrongdecisionsaremade.


8 APRIL 2015

Withoutfieldvalidationofdata,aninterimmeasureincludestheanalysisusingthegradingscaleassociatedwiththeAWWAwaterauditsoftware(AWWA‐Version5.0,2014).Thismeasurementisnotasvalidasafield‐studyaudit.However,itgivesanindicationoftheaccuracyofresults,andwheredatacollectionandwaterlossinvestmentshouldbetargeted.

Currently,MDWASDhasanestimateddataconfidencegradeof75(outof100)ontheAWWAsoftwareforCY2014.Thisgradeisdevelopedthroughestimationofthedatavalidityofeachoftheinputvalues.Asthevalidationofdataimproves,thisgradewillalsoimprove.Thecurrentgradesuggeststhatthedatastillneedtobeimproved,butthatsomehigh‐leveldecisionsontargetingofresourcescanbemadetoimprovethelevelofservice,reducelosses,andenhancerevenue.

Onetypicalplacetobeginfieldvalidationisusuallywiththeassessmentoftheaccuracyofthesupplymeters,andanupdatetothesuppliedvolumeenteredinthemodelfortheauditperiod.Afterinvestigationofthesupplymeters,thenextstepisanassessmentoftheaccuracyofvariouscategoriesofconsumermeters.MDWASDhasconductedcalibrationtestingofallthesupplymetersfromthetreatmentplantsin2012,2013,and2014.Consumermeteraccuracyvalidationisusuallydoneonstatisticallyrepresentativebatchesofmeters.Afinalstepinthisprocessistovalidatethevariousconsumptionvolumes.

2.4.3 Performance Indicators

Anothercomponentofthewaterbalancemodelinadditiontoconfidencelevelsistheexistenceofperformanceindicators(PIs).Thenewstandardauditprovidesperformanceindicatorsforallofthewaterlosscomponents,aswellasforsomeofthebasicfinancialindicators(Table2‐2).Astheauditisrefinedovertime,additionalPIscanbeincorporatedtoexpandthescopeanddepthoftheanalysis.Theuseofvariousindicators,asopposedtotheoldpracticeofusingapercentagelossbasedonthetotalwatersupplied,allowstheutilitytoaccuratelyproducebaselinedata,trackperformance,andsettargetswithpriorityonthecomponentsofwaterlossthatwillreapthemostcosteffectivereturns.

Table 2‐2 Details of Selected Key Performance Indicators

COMPONENT TYPE BASICPI DETAILEDPI

Non‐RevenueWater(NRW)

Financial VolumeofNRWas%ofSystemInputVolume

ValueofNRWas%ofcostofrunningsystem.$forapparentandreallosses.

RealLosses(RL) WaterResources

VolumeofRLas%ofSystemInputVolume

RealLossesSystemOperational

Gallons/serviceconnection/day InfrastructureLeakageIndex(ILI)Definedastheratioofthecurrentannualreallosstotheunavoidableannualrealloss=CARL/UARL

Gallonspermileofmainperday(notusedforMDWASDasnotrelevantforurbanutility)

ApparentLosses(AL)

Operational VolumeofALas%ofSystemInputVolume

Gallons/serviceconnection/year

WaterLosses(WL)

Operational Gallons/serviceconnection/year

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10 APRIL 2015

ThereareadditionaltargetedPIswhichcanbeusedbyMDWASDtoanalyzespecificareasoftheutility’sbusiness.ThesePIsincludethenumberofzeroreadings,stoppedmeters,andtestingofinaccuratemeters.Theseindicatorscanberecordedandtrendedovertimetoimprovesystemknowledge,efficiency,andaccountability.


BLACK & VEATCH | Data Analysis 11

3.0 Data Analysis TheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware©(version5.0)hasbeenusedtocalculatealltherequiredindicators.Thisisthenusedtodevelopanoverallwaterbalance,andrelevantperformanceindicatorsfortheutility.ThedetailsofthismethodologyarefoundinAWWAManualM36(WaterAuditsandLossControlPrograms,3rdEdition,2009)andwithintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftware.InformationonthevalidationmethodsandrankingsinthesoftwarearecopiedinAppendixB.Thefollowingsectionsarestructuredtofollowtheintheformatofthestandardwaterbalanceasdescribedintheprevioussection2.4anddepictedinFigure2‐2.Thefollowingcategoriesofthereportarethefocusfortheanalysis:

Watersupplied,(allthewaterinputintothesystem,includingimportsandremovingexportedorwholesalewater)

Authorizedconsumption,(meteredandbilledusageandotherauthorizeduses)

Waterlosses,(meterinaccuracies,billingerrors,theftandleakage)

Systemdata,and(milesofmain,pressure,numberofconnections)

Costdata.(totalcostofoperatingthewatersystem,retailunitandvariableproductioncosts)

Eachvariablehasbeendiscussedandthereasoningbehindeachvaluerecorded.Allvaluesnotedinthissectionhavebeendevelopedfromdataprovidedbytheutility,andareforCY2013.

ThisdatawhichisusedtodeterminethefollowinginputsshouldbevalidatedbyMDWASDstaffonaregularbasistoensureinputsareasaccurateaspossible.Additionally,thisauditneedstocontinuetobeconductedonanannualbasistodetermineperformancetrendsandanydataerrors.Thereareanumberofvariablesthatarecurrentlyestimated(includingmeteraccuracy,andunbilledunmeteredwater)asdefinedinthefollowingsubsections.Foramoreaccurateanalysisthesedatapointsshouldbemeasuredinthesystemforfutureaudits.

3.1.1 Water Supplied

Total Water Supplied = 89,582.983 Million gallons

[Calculation:VolumefromOwnSource+Importedwater–Exported(wholesale)water]

Volume from Own Sources

Thisincludesallthevolumefromthewatertreatmentplants.

ThedetailsofproductionutilizedfortheauditwereobtainedbysummarizingSCADApumpagedata.MDWASDprovidedSCADAdatawithdailysystempumpageforboththerawwaterfromthewellsandfortheinfluentandfinishedwaterfromthetreatmentplants.Thispumpagedatawasusedasanapproximationoftheproducedvolume.

Thetotalproducedvolumefor2014wasrecordedas110,364.440milliongallons.

Master Meter Error Adjustment

Noadditionalevaluationoftheelectronicorflowtestcalibrationrecordswereconductedinthisinitialreview.However,analysisoftheAlexanderOrr,Jr.Plant(Orr),HialeahandJohnEPreston(Preston)WaterTreatmentPlantsVenturimeters(Raw)wereanalyzedaswithinallowablelimits


12 APRIL 2015

ofaccuracy(av~101%)andtheFinishedwatermeterswereanalyzedaswithinallowablelimitsofaccuracy(av~99.5%).Sinceallthevaluesreviewedarewithinthecalibrationlimitstheassumptionisthatthemetersareaccurateandsothereisnomastermetererroradjustment.

ThetotalmastermetererroradjustmentassignedforCY2014wasrecordedas0milliongallons.

TheDepartmenthasrecentlyimplementedaproductionmetertestingplanthatwillallowmoreaccuratecalculationofmastermetererroradjustmentsforthe2015wateraudit.

Imported Water

In2014,MDWASDimportedwaterfromtwosuppliers–theCityofHomesteadandtheCityofNorthMiamiBeach.TheseprovidewatertolocationswithintheDepartment’ssystemthataredifficulttoreachwiththecurrentpumpingsystem.

Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas152.264milliongallons.Thisvalueincluded19.358milliongallonsfromHomesteadand132.906milliongallonsimportedfromNorthMiamiBeach.

Exported Water

MDWASDsellswatertobothretailandwholesalecustomers.TheMDWASDhas15waterwholesalecustomersandattheendofCY2014.TheMDWASDhas459,202activeandinactiveserviceconnectionsthroughoutthesystem.ThewholesaleusesweresummarizedfromtheMDWASDwholesalerecordsfrommeteredsalesdatafrom2014.Thelistofwholesaleentitiesisshowninthetablebelowwiththeirrespectiveannualusein2014.

Amastermetererroradjustmentforexportedwaterwasestimatedat1.5%withavalidationgradeof5fortheCY2014.The1.5%valuewasestimatedduetoanumberofmetersexpectedtobeattheedgesofthestandardaccuracylimitsduetoage.Thesemetersareannuallytestedandrepaired(ifnecessary),soloweraccuracylevelswerenotestimatedatthistime.TheDepartmenthasimplementedalargecustomermeterassessmentprogramthatwilltargetmeterprofilesandaccuracywhichwillincreasethevalidationscoreandprovidemoredataforaccuracycalculationsfor2015.

Thetotalwatersoldtowholesalecustomersin2014wasrecordedat20,620.469milliongallons.Thisdatawasderivedfromwholesalecustomerinvoicesandcrosscheckedwithbillingspreadsheetsdevelopedforthelargecustomermeterassessmentprogram.

TheDepartmentemploysthreefulltimelargewater(commercialandwholesale)metertestingpersonnel.Thedutiesofthesepersonnelincludewatermetertesting,repairs,installationsattimes,customershut‐offs,andinspections.Eachmetertechnicianisresponsibleforcompletingallnecessarymetertestsintheirgiventerritory.Wholesalemetersaretestedtwiceperyearandmostcommercialorlargecustomermeters(3”+)aretestedannually.TheprotocolemployedbytheDepartmentinsuresthatexperiencedtechniciansaretestingalllargemeters(wherepossible).Eachtechnicianbeginsbytestingsmallermetersbeforegraduatingtolargermetersastheybecomemoreexperienced.



Table 3‐1 Miami‐Dade Water and Sewer Department Water Treated and Water Sales

Calendar Year 2014 Units ‐ thousand gallons

WATERSYSTEM

Watersoldbycustomer

Wholesalecustomers

MiamiBeach 7,581,004

Hialeah 7,105,359

NorthMiami 1,823,132

Opa‐Locka 916,486

HialeahGardens 591,156

Medley 481,176

NorthBayVillage 408,685

BalHarbour 398,741

Surfside 314,790

BayHarbor 305,653

WestMiami 270,650

Homestead 216,829

IndianCreekVillage 118,073

VirginiaGardens 87,931

NorthMiamiBeach 806

TotalWholesale 20,620,469

Retail 63,470,026

Totalwatersold 84,090,495

Source: MDWASD

TheDepartmentcompletesalllargemetertestingandrepairsinthefield.Thestandardlargeduelmeterconfigurationincludestwo(type2)turbometers.Thestandardby‐passmeterisa2”turbineorPDmeter.Testsarerununtilatleast100CFofwaterhasregisteredonthetestmeter.Thetechniciansslowlyclosethevalveonthetestertoreducewaterhammerordamagetothetestequipment.Eachregistersvolumeisdocumentedpriortotesting.Itisthendocumentedafteralltestshavebeencompleted.Thisinformation(non‐revenuewater)isthengiventothebillingdepartmentwhopassestheinformationtotheNRWstaffforaccountability.


14 APRIL 2015

Other Water Supplied Notes

Therearenootherknownwatersupplies,otherthantheASRwellswhichareusedfortesting,butnotconnectedtothesupplysystemcurrently.ThenewHialeahreverseosmosistreatmentplantwasoperationalin2014andprovidedwatertotheMDWASDdistributionsystem.

Table 3‐2 Water Supplied Validation Grading

GRADEDVARIABLE GRADING REASONING

VolumefromOwnSources

8 Calibrationconductedannually,occasionalflowtesting

MasterMeterError 5 Metercalibrationsconducted,continuouslyevaluated

Waterimported 8 Calibrationsconductedannuallybywholesaleentities.Resultsnotknown.

WaterExported 7 Meterstestedbi‐annually.Notallconfigurationsallowforflowtesting

3.1.2 Authorized Consumption

Total Authorized Consumption = 64,611.518 Million gallons

[Calculation:AuthorizedConsumption=Billedmetered+Billedunmetered+Unbilledmetered+Unbilledunmetered]

Authorizedconsumptionincludesthevolumeofwatertakenbyregisteredcustomers,thewatersupplier,andotherswhoareauthorizedtodosobythewatersupplier,foranypurpose.Itshouldbenotedthatthisdoesnotincludewaterexported.

Authorizedconsumptionmayincludeitemssuchasfire‐fightingandtraining,flushingofsewers,transmissionanddistributionmains,streetcleaning,wateringofDepartmentfacilities,etc.

Billed Metered Consumption

ThebilledmeteredconsumptionisalmostallcustomerswithintheDepartment’sjurisdiction.Thiswillincludeallresidential,commercial,industrial,andinstitutionalcustomers.Sincethesystemisreportedly100%metered,allbutaverysmallportionshouldfallintothiscategory.Notethatthewholesalevolumehasbeenremovedfromthisbilledmeteredvalue(eachwholesalecustomerhasitsownregulatoryreportingrequirements,andownwaterlosses,andthesevolumesareremovedfromtheauditatthewatersuppliedstageofaccounting).MiamiDadehaveconductedextensiveretailmetertestingoverthepastyeartoevaluatetheleveloflosseswithrespecttometeraccuracy.

ThevalueofBilledMeteredConsumptionfor2014wasrecordedas63,470.026milliongallons.

Billed Unmetered Consumption

Thereisreportedlynobilledunmeteredconsumption.

ThevalueforBilledUnmeteredConsumptionin2014wasrecordedas0milliongallons.



Unbilled Metered Consumption

Thereisusuallyonlyasmallamountofwaterinthiscategory.ItcanincludeDepartmentfacilitiesthathaveameterbutdonotreceiveabill,parks,fountainsetc.InCY2012thiswasanestimationbasedonreviewsofotherutilities.InCY2013metereddatafromthetreatmentplantswasrecordedandutilizedforthisvolumeinput.

ThevalueforUnbilledMeteredConsumptionin2014wasrecordedas21.705milliongallons.

Unbilled Unmetered Consumption

Unbilledunmeteredconsumptionisoftendifficulttocalculate,althoughalmosteveryutilityhasconsumptioninthiscategory(duetothewaysystemsareflushed,andfire‐fightingoccurs,whichmakeitalmostimpossibletomeasurebymeteringeffectively).Thereforeadefaulthasbeendevelopedwithinthewaterauditsoftwaretoallowanapproximatecalculationusingvalidateddatafromothersystems.Inthisinitialauditthisdefaultof1.25%ofwatersuppliedhasbeenchosen.

Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas1,119.787milliongallons.

Other Authorized Consumption notes

Watertreatmentplantsdohavearequirementtousewaterincertainsituations(backflushing,etc.).However,itisanticipatedthatalltheselocationsoccurredpriortothefinishedwatermeter.Thereforethisdataisnotincludedinthiswateraudit.

Table 3‐3 Authorized Consumption Validation Grading


BilledMetered

7 Goodbillingsystems,extensivemeteraccuracytestingalthoughslightlyreducedin2013/14.Regularreplacementofoldestmeters

BilledUnmetered

n/a Nobilledunmeteredconsumptionreported

UnbilledMetered

8 Unbilledmeterarereadandmaintainedinthesamemannerasretailmeters.Stillneedtoevaluatetestingandbillingproceduresforunbilledproperties

UnbilledUnmetered

‐ Thedefaultwasusedforthisvariable

3.1.3 Water Losses

TotalWaterLosses =TotalWaterSupplied–TotalAuthorizedConsumption

=24,971.465

Thewater losses are further broken down into apparent losses and real losses, which are bothoutlinedbelow.


16 APRIL 2015

Apparent Water Losses

Total Apparent Water Losses = 3,689.331 Million gallons

[Calculation:ApparentWaterLosses=Unauthorizedconsumption+Customermeteringinaccuracies+Systematicdatahandlingerrors]

Unauthorized Consumption

UnauthorizedconsumptionincludesallusesnotauthorizedbytheDepartment,includingillegaluseofhydrants,bypassesetc.,aswellreversedortamperedmetersandAMRsystems.Inthisauditthedatawasnotavailable;therefore,thedefaultof0.25%ofwatersuppliedwasused.

Thevaluefor2014wasrecordedas223.957milliongallons.

Customer Meter Inaccuracies

Allmetersthreeinchesandlargeraretestedandnowrepairedorreplaced(ifnecessary)onanannualbasis.Atestingprogramforthesmallermetersisalsooperational.Itisexpectedthatthecurrentmeterstockisrelativelyaccurate;however,additionaltestingonthe1‐inchto2‐inchmetersmaybenecessarytoproveouttheaccuracyofthesegroupsofmeters.Testingshouldanalyzebothmeterage,throughput(volumethroughthemeter),andifpossibletheaveragepressureforthelocationofthemeter.

TheDepartmentistakingstepstobetterunderstandcustomermeterinaccuraciesbyimplementingalargecustomermeterassessmentproject.Anestimateof2.4%(1,561.272milliongallons)underreportingacrossthemeterstockhasbeenusedforthisaudit.Thissuggestsmetersofvaryingageandreliabilityandaslightincreaseinmeterinaccuracyduetotheoverallmeterstockageingbetween2013and2014.Thevalidationgradeandaccuracydatawilllikelyincreaseforthe2015auditduetotheprojectimplementation.

Ahigh‐levelevaluationwasperformedtoreviewwatermeteraccuracydatafromstudiesdevelopedbetween2008through2012andtooutlineanypotentialissuesfortheMDWASD.Thisdataisstillvalidforevaluationpurposes,withtheexpectationthatadditionaldegradationoftheoldermeteringunitswillhaveoccurredintheaudityear.Reportingandtestdatareviewedincluded.

ComparisonofcurrentDepartmentpracticesformetertestingandreplacementwithindustrystandards;

Reviewofmetertestingproceduresandproviderecommendationsfordevelopinganongoinganddynamicperformance‐basedmetertestingprogram.Theperformance‐basedmetertestingprogramshouldhavethecapabilitytoperiodicallyupdateandrefinethedegradationcurvesforresidentialmeters.

PracticeofLargemetertestingin‐situ(inthefield)byadedicatedtestingcrew.

Thetestingincludesaportablemetertesterwhichisconnectedtothedownstreamtestportforthedurationofthetest.

FieldcrewsallfollowAWWAguidelinesforthetestinglimitsandfrequencyoftests.



Figure 3‐1 Example Meter Accuracy Analysis of Degrading Meters (below 90% accuracy) from 2012 5/8‐inch meter tests

Systematic Data Handling Error Estimation

TheDepartmentutilizesseveralautomatedandhumanerrorcheckingprocessesfortheirbillingpractices.Althoughbillingsystemreportsaresizeable,specifictriggersbuiltintotrackpotentialdatahandlingerrorsarebuiltinandforwardedontostaffspecificallyassignedforaddressingpotentialdataerrorsinthebillingprocess.Tothebestofourknowledge,therearenosystemswithzerosystematicdatahandlingerrors,thereforeanestimatedvalueof3%ofwatersupplied,or1,904.101milliongallonshasbeenusedforthisvariable.

Table 3‐4 Water Losses Validation Grading


UnauthorizedConsumption

‐ Thedefaultwasusedforthisvariable

MeterInaccuracies

7 Adetailedtestingprogramwasinitiatedfor5/8‐inchmetersin2012.Additionaltestingonothersizedmeterswasconductedin2013tocontinuewithprogram.Somemetertestingwasconductedin2014,butthiswasreducedvolumeforresidentialsizedmeters

DataHandlingErrors

5 Thisisanestimateassumingacomplexbillingsystem


18 APRIL 2015

3.1.3.1 Real Losses

IntheAWWAsoftwarethereallossvalueistheremainder,orwhatisleftoverafteralltheothervariables(watersupplied,authorizedconsumption,andapparentlosses)arecalculated.InordertoprovideabetterestimatethereviewofsystemdataandleakdetectionprogramstheWaterDistributionDivisioncollectsandestimatesleakageandauthorizeduses.Thesevaluesarematchedtothesoftwarecalculationtoactasavalidationtool.

TheDepartmenthas,however,conductedasignificantamountofleakdetectionduringtheaudityear.Thisappearstobeimprovingefficiencyandwillcontinuetobemonitoredinfutureyears.AlistingoftheequipmentusedonadailybasisisoutlinedinTable3‐5.

Table 3‐5 Leak Detection Equipment Summary

EQUIPMENT TYPE(MANUFACTURER/MODEL) QUANTITY

ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER AQUASCOPES/HEATHCONSULTANTS 12

ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER STETHOPHON04/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 5

ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER(WIRELESS) AQUATESTT‐10/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 4

ELECTRONICSOUNDAMPLIFIER LD15/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 2

MECHANICALSOUNDAMPLIFIER GEOPHONES/HEATHCONSULTANTS 5

MECHANICALSOUNDAMPLIFIER GEOPHONES/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 6

UNDERGROUNDLINELOCATOR SURE‐LOCK/HEATHCONSULTANTS 6

ELECTRICDRILLS BOSCH 6

METALLOCATOR ML‐1M/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 1

METALLOCATOR PIPEHORN800‐HL 1

SOUNDCORRELATOR LC2500/SUBSURFACEINSTRUMENTS 2

SOUNDCORRELATOR SECORR08/SEWERIN‐HERMANN 3

SOUNDCORRELATOR ACCUCORR3000/FCS 1

CORRELATINGLOGGER SEPEM02/SEWERIN 98

CORRELATINGLOGGER SOUNDSENS/FCS 36

CORRELATINGLOGGER GUTERMANNZONESCAN820ALPHA 10

LEAKNOISELOGGER PERMALOG/FCS 100

InadditiontothestandardornormalleakagedetectionactivitiestheDepartmentconductedpilotstudiesoftwotypesofacousticleaknoiseloggers.Theseweretestedtogaugetheireffectivenessandoperationalcapabilitiesinareaswhichwerenormallydifficulttoaccessorhadissuesforsurveycrewstoperformleakagedetectionduringnormalconditions.

2014 Total Real Water Losses =21,282.134 Million gallons



3.1.4 System Data

Length of Mains

MDWASD’swatersystemconsistsofthreeregionalwatertreatmentplants(WTPs),theSouthDadeWaterSystem(aseriesofwellfieldsand5smalltreatmentfacilities),treatedwaterstorageandpumpingfacilities,andapproximately7,941milesofwatertransmission,distributionandservicepipelinesincludingwholesalecustomers.Theretailtransmissionanddistributionportionincludes5,947milesandisthevalueusedintheaudit.Thisvalueisslightlylowerthanthe2013pipeinventoryastherawwaterandsludgelinedatawassubtractedfromthedetailedpipeschedule.TheregionalwatertreatmentfacilitiesaretheHialeah,JohnE.Preston,andAlexanderOrr,Jr.WTPs,whichhaveatotalcombineddesignedratedtreatmentcapacityof473MGD.

Number of Service Connections

Thenumberofserviceconnectionsincludesbothactiveandinactiveservicelines.Thisvaluewascalculatedbythecustomerservicesdepartmentin2013andincluded448,749connections.Thiswasanincreaseofapproximately10,000connectionscomparedwith2012.The2013numberswerecalculatedwithmoreaccuratedataandactiveandinactiveconnectionswerecountedseparately.Thenumberofactiveandinactiveserviceconnectionscalculatedfortheyear2014is459,202.Thisisanincreaseof10,453connectionscomparedtothe2013auditnumber.

Average Length of Customer Service Line

Theaveragelengthofcustomerservicelineiszero(notethatthedistancefromthemaintothepropertyboundaryhasalreadybeenfactoredintothiscalculation,andsothedistanceis0feet).

Figure 3‐2 Average Length of Service Line, Meter at the Curb Stop (Source: AWWA Software)


20 APRIL 2015

Average Operating Pressure

Theaverageoperatingpressurewasestimatedfromalargeamountoffieldoperationsdatafromtestswithinthedistributionsystem.Analysisofthehydraulicmodelwasalsoconductedtogiveasecondopinion.Thisprovidedavalueofjustover56psi.However,since55psiisusedinallthewaterlosscalculationsconductedbyfieldstaffitwasdecidedthatthedifferencewasnotgreatenoughtowarrantachange.Anaveragesystempressureof55psiwasusedforthisaudit.

Table 3‐6 System Data Validation Grading


LengthofMains 9 DevelopedthroughGIS,uncertainprotocolsfortransferofnewdata

NumberofServices 7 Goodbillingrecords,uncertainpoliciesandprocedures

CustomerServiceLine 10 Allservicesatpropertyboundaries(thereforezero(0)value)

AverageOperatingPressure

7 Utilizedoperationsaveragewhichwasnearvalidatedbyanalysisofthehydraulicmodel.

3.1.5 Cost Data

Total Annual Cost of Operating the Water System

Thetotalannualcostofoperatingthewatersystemincludesoperations,maintenanceandanyannuallyincurredcostsforlong‐termupkeepofthesystem,suchasrepaymentofcapitalbondsforinfrastructureexpansionorimprovement.Typicalcostsincludeemployeesalariesandbenefits,materials,equipment,insurance,fees,administrativecostsandallothercoststhatexisttosustainthedrinkingwatersupplyandsystem.BasedontheDepartment’swatersystemfinancialstatementsfortheCY2014thetotalannualcostofoperatingthewatersystemwasderivedfromthefollowingcomponents:

Operationsandmaintenanceincurredcosts

Depreciationcosts

Table 3‐7 Operating Cost Details 2014

TOTALCOST CY2014

O&M 152,873,192

Depreciation 65,846,584

TotalAnnualCost $218,719,776

Source: MDWASD



BecausetheDepartmentoperatesonanOctoberthroughSeptemberfiscalyear,financialstatementsfromFY2014andFY2015wereutilizedtodevelopCY2014financialdata.Thefullannualcostutilizedfortheauditisthetotaloperatingcostsincludingoperatingandmaintenanceexpensesanddepreciation.Thetotalcostofoperatingthewatersystemdidincreaseslightlybetween2013and2014.AnincreaseinO&Mcostsof$6.4millionwasoffsetbylowerdepreciationexpense($4.9million)resultinginanoverallincreaseofoperatingcostsof$1.5million.

In2014theoverallcostofrunningthewatersystem(includingdepreciation)was$218,719,776.

Customer Retail Unit Cost

Customerretailunitcostrepresentstheweightedaverageofindividualcostsandnumberofcustomeraccountsofeachclass.Thisiscalculatedasannualretailrevenuedividedbyannualretailsalesvolume.Totalretailwaterrevenueisutilized,however,inordertocalculatevolumetricbasedwatersalesunitcost,MDWASD’smeterbasechargerevenueandunread/unbilledwaterrevenuesareremovedisolatingthevolumetricbasedwatersalesforthecalculationofcustomerretailunitcost.Retailwatersaleslesstheseitemsfor2014wereapproximately$195.3million.

Table 3‐8 Retail Unit Cost CY 2013

RETAILUNITCOST CY2014

MeteredSales‐Residential‐Watr $62,126,908

MeteredSales‐MultiFamily‐Wtr $27,735,528

MeteredSales‐ResSprink‐Wtr $5,124,614

MeteredSales‐Commercial‐Water $90,231,118

Meteredsales‐WASDWtrFacility $432,555

MeteredSales‐NonResSprink‐Wtr $9,115,692

MeteredSales‐Marina‐Water $112,485

MeteredSales‐Firelines $267,937

WaterConservationSurchargeforExcessWaterUsage $108,101

TotalRetailWaterSales $195,254,939

BilledWater(1,000gallons) 63,470,026

RetailUnitCostofWaterSold(per1,000gallons) $3.08

Source: MDWASD

Totalbilledwaterfor2014wasapproximately63,500,000thousandgallons.Customerretailsalesdividedbytheassociatedbilledwaterfor2014resultsinacustomerretailunitcostof$3.08perthousandgallons.


22 APRIL 2015

MDWASDhasanincliningblockwaterconservationratestructureforallitsresidentialcustomers.Thetablebelowshowsthecurrentvolumetricratestructureforawatercustomer:

Table 3‐9 FY 2014 Water Volumetric Rate

ORDINARYCOMMODITYCHARGE

FY2014RATE(PER100CUBICFEET)

0to5hundredcubicfeet $0.37



18andoverhundredcubicfeet $4.17

ForpurposesofthisaudittheretailrateforthemajorityofCY2014was$3.15perhundredcubicfeet(CCF)andisthemostlikelyratewherelosseswouldbesetasaveragemonthlyuseisestimatedbytheDepartmenttobe9CCFpermonthor27CCFperquarterforanormalresidentialcustomer(notethatresidentialcustomersarebilledonaquarterlybasis).Inordertofurthervalidatethis,areviewofthemeteredsalesagainstbilledmeteredwaterwasalsoconductedandanaverageof$3.08per1000gallonswascalculated.Thecalculatedaveragewasusedinthecalculationsasitisamoreconservativevalueofwhatcostcouldberecovered.

Variable Production Cost

Variableproductioncostsrepresentthecosttoproduceandsupplyoneadditionalunitofwaterandareestimatedastotalproductioncostsofthewatersystemincludingvariablecostsofsourceofsupply,powerandpumping,purification,anddistributiondividedbythetotalvolumeofwatersuppliedtothewaterdistributionsystemincludingimportedwater.

Variablecostsincluded:

Electricalservices

Naturalgas

Waterandsewerservice

Purchasedwater

Calciumcarbonatedisposal

Fuel

Petroleumgas

Hazardouswastedisposal

Chemicals

Laboratorysupplies

Gases

Andothers

Totalvariableproductioncostswereestimatedtobeapproximately$36.0millionin2014.



Table 3‐10 Variable Production Cost 2014

LINE VARIABLECOST CY2014

1 WaterSourceofSupply $4,251,986

2 WaterPumping $1,418,675

3 WaterTreatmentandPurification $28,481,936

4 WaterTransmissionandDistribution $1,827,615

5 TotalVariableCost $35,980,212

6 FinishedWater(MG) 110,364.601

7 PurchasedWater(MG) 152.26

8 TotalWaterSupplied 110,516.861

9 CosttoProduce1MillionGallonsofWater $325.56

Source: MDWASD

FinishedwatersuppliedtothedistributionsystempluspurchasedwaterfromthecitiesofHomesteadandNorthMiamiBeachwasapproximately110,516.861milliongallons(Line8inTable3‐10)in2014resultinginavariableproductioncostof$325.56(Line5/Line8inTable3‐10)per1milliongallonsofwater.

Thevariableproductioncostsincludeallthecostsforpumping,treatmentandchemicalsfromthetreatmentplants.Inthiscase,thecalculationfor2014was$325.56permilliongallons.Thiswascalculatedusingthefinancialreports,allocatingonlyvariablecoststothecalculation.Thevariableproductioncostsincreasedfrom2013to2014byapproximately$150,000.

Table 3‐11 Cost Data Validation Grading


TotalCostofOperation

9 AllcostsdevelopedandThirdpartyCPAaudited.Sincetheauditisconductedonafinancialyearanddataconstructedinacalendaryear,theremaybesomeerrorsindatatransfer.

CustomerRetailUnitCost

8 Usedthecalculationofmeteredsalesagainstthetotalbilledmetered,thismatchesrelativelywellwiththeaverageuseblock($3.15perCCF)

VariableProductionCost

8 Anevaluationofthefinancialreportscalculatingonlyvariablecosts


BLACK & VEATCH | Water Treatment Plant Losses 25

4.0 Water Treatment Plant Losses TheDepartmentoperatesthreeregionalWTPs:Hialeah,Preston,andOrr;andsmallerplantsthatarepartoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Table4‐1summarizestheplantcapacitiesandactualflows.AdescriptionofeachWTPisprovidedinthesubsectionsbelow.Theoverallannualaveragedailyflowoftheentiresystemisapproximately299.2MGD.

Table 4‐1 WTP Capacities and Flows

COMPONENT

FACILITY

HIALEAH/PRESTON

ALEXORR

SOUTHDADEWATERSYSTEM1

InstalledCapacity(MGD) 235.02 256.03 14.2

ActualFlows4

AverageDaily(MGD) 124.0 168.1 7.1

PeakDay(MGD) 158.6 187.0 1Represents five smaller WTPs in southern Miami‐Dade County. 2Treatment Facility capacity is 235 MGD. But the permit is currently limited to 225 MGD. Hialeah Plant permit capacity is 60 MGD and Preston Plant is 165 MGD for a total of 225 MGD. 3Treatment Facility capacity is 256 MGD but the permit is currently limited to 214.74 MGD, based on water allocation. 4For Calendar Year 2014

Rawwatersupplyforthethreeregionaltreatmentplantsiscurrentlydrawnfrom83Biscayneaquiferwellslocatedinthemajorwellfields(MiamiSprings,Northwest,Medleywhichisinstand‐by,West,Southwest,andSnapperCreek)andseveralwellsonsiteatthethreetreatmentplants.TheSouthDadeWaterSystemisservedby12BiscayneaquiferwellslocatedatthefivesmallerwellfieldsreferencedinTable4‐1above.Table4‐2providesasummaryofeachoftheMiami‐DadeCountypermittedBiscayneaquiferwells.

TwonewWTPswillprovideadditionalcapacitytothewatersystem.TheHialeahReverseOsmosis(RO)WTPisownedjointlybytheCityofHialeahandMDWASD.TheROplanthasaninitialtreatmentcapacityof10MGDanditisdesignedtohaveanultimatecapacityof17.5MGD.Thisplantcommencedproductionin2014.TherawwatersourceforthisplantisthebrackishUpperFloridanaquifer.TheproposedSouthMiamiHeightsWTPwillreplacethreeofthesmalltreatmentplantsoftheSouthDadeWaterSystem.Thisplantwillbea20MGDmembranesofteningandROplantandwillhavethecapacitytotreatwaterfromboththeBiscayneandFloridanaquifers.Thisplantisscheduledtogointoservicein2019.TheDepartmentalsohastheabilitytowithdrawwaterfromtheFloridaaquiferandfromAquiferStorageandRecovery(ASR)wells.FloridanaquiferandASRwellsarelistedintheTable4‐3below.

Table 4‐2 Summary of Biscayne Aquifer Wellfields

WELLFIELDS WTPSERVED

DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)

NUMBEROFWELLS

Hialeah Hialeah/Preston 12.54 3

JohnE.Preston Hialeah/Preston 53.28 7


26 APRIL 2015


DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)

NUMBEROFWELLS

MiamiSpringsUpperLower

Hialeah/Preston 79.30 Upper–12Lower–8

Medley(Stand‐by)

Hialeah/Preston 48.96 Stand‐by‐4

Northwest Hialeah/Preston 149.35 15

AlexanderOrr Orr 74.40 10

SnapperCreek Orr 40.00 4

Southwest Orr 161.20 17

West Orr 32.40 3

SouthDade SouthDadeWaterSystem 19.01 LeisureCity–4Everglades–3ElevatedTank–2Newton–2Naranja–1

SouthMiamiHeights SouthMiamiHeightsWTP 4.006.00

FormerPlant‐1RobertaHunterPark‐4

Source: MDWASD

Table 4‐3 Summary of Floridan Aquifer Wellfields


DESIGNCAPACITY(MGD)

NUMBEROFWELLS

PERMITTEDALLOCATION

(MGY)

SouthwestWellfieldASR AlexOrr 10.00 2 1,522

WestWellfieldASR AlexOrr 15.00 3 2,283

HialeahROWTP HialeahROWTP 20.00 14 4,855

SouthMiamiHeights NewSMHWTP 24.00 7 8,494

Source: MDWASD



TheHialeahandPrestontreatmentfacilitiespumpintoboththehighpressureandlowpressuresystems.Theplantsareinterconnectedpriortothehighservicedistributionpumpingsystemandoperateasinglehighservicepumpingstation.Independentpumpingstationsateachplantpumpintothelowpressuresystem.

“Real”waterlossesinfacilitiesthatuseconventionallimesofteningprocessescanaccountfor3to5percentofrawwatersupplied.Alargeportionofthisreallosscanbeaccountedforbythehandlinganddisposalofresiduals.Aspreviouslyindicatedlimesofteningistheprimarytreatmentofthegroundwateratthethreeregionaltreatmentfacilities.Theresidualsgeneratedintheprocessarecomprisedalmostentirelyofcalciumcarbonate(CaCO3)solids.

TheHialeahandPrestonplantsdischargethecalciumcarbonateresiduals‐limeslurry‐fromthelimesofteningprocessthrougha12‐indiameterlinefromtheHialeahplantanda16‐indiameterlinefromthePrestonplanttoeithertheMiamiSpringsand/orNorthwestWellfieldresidualslagoons.

TheHialeahWTPalsoincludesalimerecalcinationfacility.Thisfacilityisarotarykiln‐naturalgasfiredtypefacility.Dewateredlimeisthenrecycledthroughtheprocessofrecalcination.ThelimekilnburnsCaCO3andproducesupto100‐115tonsperdayofcalciumoxide(CaO)whichisthenslakedandreturnedforreuseinthelimesofteningprocess.TheplantalsotreatstheresidualsgeneratedatthePrestonWTPfromaccelatorunits1,2,and3.Thereleasedcarbondioxide(CO2)iscapturedandusedintherecarbonationprocessattheplant.Theairvayorsystemisusedtopneumaticallytransferlimefromthelimestoragesilosattherecalcinationplantbacktolimefeedsiloatthelimeslurryfeedplant.

AttheAlexanderOrrplant,fiftypercentoftheresidualsgeneratedinthelimesofteningprocessarestoredandprocessedthroughalimerecalcinationfacilitysimilartotheoneattheHialeahplant.AnyexcesscalciumcarbonatefromthetreatmentprocessesissenttothesludgeholdingcellsattheSouthwestwellfieldorthecellsattheOrrplant.

Priortorecalcination,someofthewaterisextractedfromthesolidsviacentrifugationandreturnedtothetreatmentprocess.Watervaporizedduringtheheatingofthesolidsduringrecalcinationisnotrecovered.Smallamountsofwaterarealsoused(lost)formonitoringplantperformance.Watermayalsobelostviaundetectedleaksinwatertreatmentplantstructuresandpiping.

Inadditiontoreallosses,apparentwaterlossmayalsooccurasaresultoferrorsintheindividualwellmeters,rawwaterinfluentplantVenturimeters,andfinishedwatereffluentmeterreadings.Analysisofthemeteredrawwaterflowsandfinishedwaterflowsfortheplantsispresentedinthefollowingsub‐sectionstoquantifytheoverallwaterlossesattheOrrandHialeah/PrestonWTPs.Althoughlargequantitiesofwaterareusedintheprocessforbackwashingfilters,feedingchemicals,etc.,thegreatmajorityofthiswaterisrecycledbackintothetreatmentprocess.Sincealllargeprocessrecyclestreamsoccurinternaltotheplant,theseflowsarenotmeasuredtwicebyeithertheraworfinishedwaterventurimeters.


28 APRIL 2015

4.1.1 Raw Water Flows

Rawwaterflowscontinuedtobemeasuredbothateachindividualwellinthesystemandenteringthetreatmentplants.

4.1.1.1 Alex Orr Water Treatment Plant

Tables4‐4andFigure4‐1belowcomparetherawwaterflows(MillionGallons)meteredatthewellfieldsandtherawwaterflowsmeteredattheplant.

Table 4‐4 Alex Orr WTP Raw Water Flows

MONTH

SUMOFINDIVIDUALWELLFLOWS

RAWWATERPLANTFLOWS

VOLUMEDIFFERENCE

PERCENTDIFFERENCE

January 5,469 5,105 365 7%

February 4,961 4,612 349 8%

March 5,457 5,081 377 7%

April 5,287 4,994 293 6%

May 5,820 5,327 494 9%

June 5,830 5,356 474 9%

July 5,868 5,406 462 9%

August 6,009 5,481 528 10%

September 5,899 5,297 602 11%

October 5,831 5,284 547 10%

November 5,459 5,071 388 8%

December 5,649 5,245 404 8%

CY2014Avg 5.628 5.188 440 8%

Source: MDWASD

AttheOrrWTPthesumoftheindividualwellsrawwaterflowsregisteredonaverage8percentpermonthhigherthanmeasuredattheplantrawwaterinfluentventurimeters.Thisisareflectionofbothunder/overregistrationandmeteraccuraciesgiventhatthesetotalsreflectthesumof38individualmeters‐34remotewellmetersand4rawwaterventurimetersattheplant.



Figure 4‐1 Alex Orr WTP Raw Water Flows

4.1.1.2 Hialeah and John Preston Water Treatment Plants

TheHialeahandPrestonplantsreceiveacombinationoftheflowscomingfromtheNorthwestandMiamiSprings(UpperandLower)wellfieldsinadditiontothewellfieldslocatedwithintheplantsites.ThePrestonplantreceivesprimarilyflowsfromtheNorthwestwellfieldbutitalsoreceivesaportionoftheflowsfromtheMiamiSpringsupperwellfield.TheHialeahplantreceivesmostlyflowsfromtheMiamiSpringwellfieldsbutalsoreceivesaportionofflowsfromtheNorthwestwellfield.

Tables4‐5andFigure4‐2belowcomparetherawwaterflows(MillionGallons)meteredatthewellfieldsandtherawwaterflowsmeteredattheHialeahandPrestonplantscombined.


30 APRIL 2015

Table 4‐5 Hialeah & Preston WTPs Combined Raw Water Flows

MONTH

SUMOFINDIVIDUALWELLFLOWS

RAWWATERPLANTFLOWS

VOLUMEDIFFERENCE

PERCENTDIFFERENCE

January 4,263 4,226 37 1%

February 4,058 4,199 (141) ‐3%

March 4,409 4,380 29 1%

April 4,151 4,267 (116) ‐3%

May 4,255 4,183 72 2%

June 3,587 3,401 186 5%

July 3,774 3,411 363 11%

August 3,910 3,549 360 10%

September 3,591 3,362 229 7%

October 3,987 3,845 143 4%

November 3,970 3,909 61 2%

December 4,115 4,051 64 2%

CY2014Avg 4,006 3,898 107 3%

Source: MDWASD

TheHialeah/Prestoncombinedsumoftheindividualwellsrawwaterflowsreflectsbothunder/overregistrationthroughouttheyear.HoweverwhenlookingatthetotalrawwaterpumpedinCY2014fromthewellsandrawwaterenteringtheplants,thedifferenceis3%.Themonthlyunder/overregistrationofthesetotalsreflectinherentmeterinaccuraciesgiventhatthesereflectthesumof50individualmeters‐45remotewellmetersand5rawwaterventurimetersatthetwoplants.



Figure 4‐2 Hialeah/Preston Combined Raw Water Flows

4.1.2 Treated Water Flows

4.1.2.1 Hialeah and Preston Water Treatment Plants

ResultspresentedinFigure4‐3indicatethattherawwaterinfluentflowwasonanaverage11%morepermonththanthemeteredtreatedwateratthePrestonPlant.

Figure 4‐3 Preston WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows


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Figure4‐4indicatesthattherawwaterinfluentflowwasonaverage11%permonthlowerthanthetreatedwaterflowmeteredattheHialeahPlant.

Figure 4‐4 Hialeah WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows

Whenthesetwoplantflowsarecombinedandaddedup,theresultsindicatethat,onaverage,thereisathreepercentwaterlossthroughtheHialeah/Prestontreatmentcomplex.ThisisshowninFigure4‐5below.Thisisconsistentwiththeresultsreportedforcalendaryears2012and2013.

Figure 4‐5 Hialeah/Preston WTPs Combined Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows



Thedifferencesinthemeteredflowsforeachindividualplantreflectthefactthattheyneedtobecombinedgiventhehydraulicsbetweenthetwoplants.ThePrestonplantfeedstreatedwatertothefinishedwaterclearwellattheHialeahplant.ThisinterplantflowisnotmeasuredbutexplainstheunderegistrationoftreatedwaterflowsmeteredatPrestonandoverregistrationoftreatedwaterflowsmeteredattheHialeahplant.

4.1.2.2 Alexander Orr Water Treatment Plant

Table4‐6belowindicatethattherawwaterflowsmeasuredattheOrrplantwereonaverage1.5%higherthanthetreatedwaterflowsmeteredattheplant.Thisrepresentsawaterlossoflessthantwopercentthroughtheplant,andwellwithinexpectedtypicallosses.

Table 4‐6 Orr WTP Treated vs. Raw Water Flows

2013

TOTALRAWWATER

(MGD)TOTALFINISHEDWATER(MGD)

DIFFERENCE(FINISHEDLESSRAW)

%DIFFERENCE

January 5,027 5,105 (78) ‐2%

February 4,542 4,612 (70) ‐2%

March 5,003 5,081 (78) ‐2%

April 4,919 4,994 (75) ‐2%

May 5,249 5,327 (78) ‐1%

June 5,281 5,356 (75) ‐1%

July 5,328 5,406 (78) ‐1%

August 5,403 5,481 (78) ‐1%

September 5,222 5,297 (75) ‐1%

October 5,207 5,284 (78) ‐1%

November 4,996 5,071 (75) ‐1%

December 5,167 5,245 (78) ‐1%

Source: MDWASD


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Figure 4‐6 Orr WTP Difference between Treated and Raw Water Flows

4.1.3 Verification and Calibration of Treatment Plant Meters

Theanalysisandverificationofmeteraccuracyisseparatedintothreesections:

1. FlowSignal2. ControlLoop3. Repeatability

Thisstructureallowsmoreauditabledataandbetteraccountingandtransparencyofinformation.Abasicreviewofverificationandcalibrationwasconducted.Additionalworkisanticipatedtobecompletedin2014.

4.1.3.1 Flow Signal Verification

Theflowsignalverificationincludestheflowmeasurementdevice,whichfortheDepartmentareallventuriflowtubes.Italsoincludestheimpulselines(thedifferentialpressureflowlinesfromtheventurimeter)andthedifferentialpressuretransmitter(currentlymostareRosemountunits–either1151or3051).

4.1.3.2 Control Loop Verification

Thecontrolloopwithrespecttoflowmeteringincludesthetransmissionofdatafromthedifferentialpressuretransmitterandalltheinfrastructuretocalculateandstoretheflowmeasurementdata.ThisincludesthePLCs,andSCADAsystem,allthewiringsystemsandconnectionsbetweentheseunitsandthedatastoragewithintheiHistorianorphysicaltotalizers.Thisisduetobeassessedin2014.

4.1.3.3 Repeatability Quality Assurance (QA) Process

The‘RepeatabilityQAprocess’isrequiredtodetermineasequenceofanalyseswhichwillimproveauditingandaccuracyofthedata.TherearestandardverificationandcalibrationschedulessetwithintheFlowSignalandControlLoopverificationstages.



TheRepeatabilityQAprocessshouldincludealayeredaccountabilitystructurethatshouldincludethefollowing:

acknowledgementfromfieldstaffthatperformanceofallrequiredprocedureshavebeenperformedinaccordancewiththeproceduresintheadoptedSOP’s

acknowledgementfromplantsupervisorystaffthattheyhaverevieweddocumentationandresultsandthatthesearecompliantwithCCMWASOP’sandpolicies.

4.1.3.4 DP Transmitter Calibration Procedure and Documentation

Calibrationshouldbeconductedinlaboratoryconditionswithstabletemperature,humidityandlowlevelsofdustorotherparticulates.ThiscanbeconductedinDepartment’sfacilitiesifthecorrectandcalibrated(traceable)equipmentisused.Itshouldnotbeconductedinthefield.Itisexpectedthatthiswillbeconductedbythemanufactureroraqualifiedthirdpartyatleastduringtheinitialstagesofthisassessment.Fullbenchcalibrationdocumentationdata,inclusiveofNISTtraceabilitycompliancestatementsmustbeincludedinthedocumentationpackageassociatedwiththeRepeatabilityQAProcess.

4.1.4 Treatment Plant Venturi Accuracy

Reviewofverificationandcalibrationssheetsprovidedsuggeststhatalltheventurimetersarewithinaccuracytoleranceswithrespecttoelectronicverificationpractices.

Table4‐4aboveshowstheresultsofthecalibrationforbothCY2013andCY2012.

4.1.5 Conclusions

Hialeah/Preston WTPs

Combinedflowsindicate‐showninFigure4‐5above‐that,onaverage,thereislessthanathreepercentwaterlossthroughtheHialeah/Prestontreatmentcomplex.Thisisconsistentwiththeresultsreportedforcalendaryears2012and2013forthecombinedplants.Thisvolumeoflossismorecommensuratewithtypicalwaterlossesthroughconventionaltreatmentplants.

Rawwaterflowthroughaboosterpumpstationinstalledin2004atthePrestonWTPisnotcurrentlyaccountedforattherawwaterVenturimetersattheHialeah/PrestonWTPs.ItisrecommendedthatMDWASDtakeactionstoremedythis,whichwillallowformoreaccurateestimatesoftherawandfinishedwaterlossestobeestimatedforsubsequentyears.


36 APRIL 2015

Table 4‐7 Venturi Meter Calibration Results: Raw and Finished Water

LOCATION METERDESCRIPTION“ASLEFT2013”

(AVG%VARIANCE)“ASLEFT2012”

(AVG%VARIANCE)

Orr FinishedWater#1 ‐0.102% ‐0.112%

Orr FinishedWater#2 0.076% 0.006%

Orr FinishedWater#3 ‐0.008% ‐0.002%

Orr FinishedWater#4 ‐0.068% 0.032%

Orr FinishedWater#5 ‐0.136% 0.01%

Orr RawWater#1 0.3% 0.07%

Orr RawWater#2 0.08% ‐0.042%

Orr RawWater#3 0.092% ‐0.068%

Orr RawWater#4 0.252% 0.000%

Hialeah FinishedBFlowMeter 0.24% 0.2618%

Hialeah FinishedLowPressure#4 0.02% 0.001%

Hialeah FinishedLowPressure#5 ‐0.01% ‐0.01196%

Hialeah FinishedWaterMiamiSprings ‐0.10% 0.19036%

Hialeah RawWater#1 0.04% 0.0444%

Hialeah RawWater#2 ‐0.07% 0.0323%

Preston RawWater#1 0.09% 0.00%



Preston FinishedWater#1 0.24% 0.088%

Preston FinishedWater#2 ‐0.19% 0.02%

Source: MDWASD


BLACK & VEATCH | Results 37

5.0 Results Performanceindicatorsareanimportantmeasurementtool,tomakesurethattheutilityiskeepingontrack(withrespecttoitsoperationalpracticesandtoreduceanywaterlosses)bothinternallyandincomparisontoitspeers.Thenewstandardmethodologyfundamentallybreaksdowneachmajoraspectofwaterlossesandusesintospecificcategories.Thisbreakdownthenallowsformoredetailedandaccuratereporting,andmoreaccuratetargetingofthevolumeandcostoflosses,therebyallowingtargetingofresourcestotheareasmostinneed.

MDWASDappearstohavereasonableperformanceasdeterminedandrecordedinTable11below.However,thereareanumberofvariablessuchastheunauthorizeduseandunbilledunmeteredconsumptionwhichstillneedtobecalculatedinfutureyearstofurthervalidatethesefigures.BenchmarkdataisunderdevelopmentbyAWWA,againstwhichthedataandresultscanbedirectlycomparedtointhefuture.

Table 5‐1 Performance Indicators FY 2014

INDICATOR VALUE UNITS

ValidationGrading 75 outof100

Non‐revenuewateraspercentbyvolumeofWaterSupplied:

29.1% %

ApparentLossesperserviceconnectionperday: 22.1 Gallonsperconnectionperday

RealLossesperserviceconnectionperday: 126.98 Gallonsperconnectionperday

InfrastructureLeakageIndex 10.49 Dimensionless

AnnualCostofApparentlosses $11,363,138 $

AnnualCostofRealLosses $6,928,612 $

5.1 REAL WATER LOSS GOALS MDWASD’sReallossperformanceindicatorsincludedthereallossingallonsperserviceconnectionofapproximately126.98,andInfrastructureLeakageIndex(ILI)whichisestimatedtobeapproximately10.49in2014.ILIisadimensionlessratiooftheCurrentAnnualRealLosses(CARL)totheUnavoidableAnnualRealLosses(UARL).Itisafunctionofthenumberofmilesofpipe,numberofconnections,andpressureinthesystem.Eachofthesevariableshasaneffectontheleakage–asthevaluesformiles,numberofconnections,andpressureincreases,theUARLwillincrease.MoredetailsregardingcalculationoftheILIcanbefoundinAWWAmanualM36(thirdedition,2009)andtheAWWAfreeWaterAuditSoftware.


38 APRIL 2015

Basedon2010to2012benchmarkdatafromtheAWWAWaterAuditDataInitiative,theaverageutilityreportedreallossof63gallons/connection/day.1Asanotherpointofcomparison,anILIvalueof3isconsideredreasonableforutilitiesintheUnitedStateswhohavesimilarresourceneedscomparedwithMDWASD.2

5.2 APPARENT WATER LOSS GOAL Apparentlossiswaterthatisbeingusedbutforwhichtheutilityreceivesnocompensation.Reducingapparentlossdoesnotreducewateruse,butdoesenhanceutilityrevenue.Estimatedapparentlossesareapproximately22gallons/connection/day.BasedontheAWWANationalWaterAuditDataInitiative(WADI)datafrom2010to2012,theaverageutilityreportedapparentlossofapproximately10gallons/connection/day.

Withrespecttoapparentlosses,suchasmeterandbillinginaccuracies,atargetof10gallons/connection/dayforapparentlosseshasbeenusedinthisanalysis.Itistheoreticallypossibletoreduceapparentlossestozero,butthiswillnotbepossibleduetothesizeandcomplexityoftheMDWASDsystem,andtheamountoffundingthatwouldbenecessary.

Thecombinationofbestmanagementpracticesandrecommendations,whichareproposedtoimprovethebillingsystem,reducemeterinaccuracy,andfurtherreduceleakage,canhaveasignificantpositivefinancialeffectintheshort‐term.Theprogramcanstartwitharelativelysmallcapitalinvestmenttoresearchandreducethebillinginconsistenciesandinaccuratemeters.Theresultingadditionalrevenuecanthenbeusedtohelpenhancethemeterreplacementandleakagereductionprogramsinthenearfuture,ifadditionalfundsfortheseprogramsarenotimmediatelyavailable.

Thetargetsdiscussedintheprevioussectionareexcellentmediumtolong‐termgoals.However,aroadmapisneededtoreachthesegoals.Therecommendedmanagementstrategiesarethebeginningoftheprocess.Thesestrategiesshouldbereviewedatleasteveryfiveyears,preferablyeverytwoyearstore‐assesstheireffectiveness.

1 Alan Plummer Associates, Inc. and Water Prospecting and Resource Consulting, LLC, January 24, 2007. Final Report: An Analysis of Water Loss as Reported by Public Water Suppliers in Texas, prepared for the Texas Water Development Board. 2 AWWA Manual M36


BLACK & VEATCH | Recommendations 39

6.0 Recommendations Therearemanyon‐goingactivitieswhichMDWASDwillcontinuetoconductduringthenextaudityear.Thesewillincludeactiveleakagedetection,testingandreplacementofunder‐performingmetersandtestingandre‐calibrationoftheproductionmeters.Inadditiontothesenormaloperationalimprovementsitisrecommendedthatthefollowingprogramsareconductedin2015.

1. Continuewiththedualmainreplacementproject.Thecontinuedreplacementoftheoldgalvanizedservicelineswillhaveasignificanteffectonreducingwaterlossinthedistributionsystem.

2. Continuetodevelopin‐houseleakdetectiondatamanagementtoallowtheintensiveassessmentneededtoevaluateacomponentanalysis.TheanalysisofthishistoricdatawillgiveoptionstotheDepartmenttoincreaseefficiencyandcompletemorestrategicwaterleaksurveys.

3. AMiamiSpringspilotDMAzoneshouldbesetuptohelpprovetheconcept.Thisisoneunitofthedistributionsystemthatisreadymadeforadistrictanalysis(onesupplypipewithexistingmeteredconnection).RegardlessofleakagelocatedinMiamiSprings,multiplefieldsurveysshouldbecompletedtotesttheeffectivenessoftheequipmentandmethodology.Theworkencompassesthefollowinggoals:

a. Tocomparativelyanalyzetheeffectivenessofastandardacousticwaterleaksurvey(surveytool,groundmicrophonesandcorrelatorsversusloggingsystems).

b. EvaluatethedataavailabilityfromthecurrentlyinstalledAMRsystemandusethisdatatoperformawaterlossanalysisinthepilotzone.

c. Theoreticallyanalyzetheeffectivenessofpressuremanagement.

Thetruepictureofwhatisphysicallylostoutofthesystemwillonlybetrulyknownafterfieldvalidationofwaterlossesthroughmeasurementssuchasdistrictmeteredareas.Intheshorttomedium‐termtheknowledgecanbeimprovedbymoredetailedevaluationofthemeteringandbillingsystemstoimprovetheestimationsofapparentlosses(andsoreducetheerrorintheremainderwhichisrealloss).

TheWUPhighlightsareasforimplementation(seeAppendixC).InadditiontheinitialreviewoftheAuditSoftwareresultshighlightedthefollowingaspossibleissues:

I. Validityofdata–anumberof thedataevaluationswereestimateswhichneedadditionalworktoproveandvalidate.ImprovementsweremadeinCY2014,butadditionalworkstillneedstobedone.

II. Leakage–There isarelatively largereal lossvolumeexpectedtobe leakage.DistributionandTransmissionmainleakagesurveyswillcontinuetobeneeded.

III. Meteraccuracy–moreanalysisneedstobeconductedannuallytoimprovemeteraccuracy.Testingdataneedstobeevaluated,replacementprogramsanalyzedandadetailedtestingprogramfor1‐to2‐inchmetersinitiated.In2015,theutilityhasstrivedtoimprovelargemeteraccuracybyincreasingthefrequencyoftestingonlargecustomermetersaswellaswholesalemeters. Large customermeters (3” and larger) are tested on an annual basisinsteadoftheoriginal3yearrotationbasis. Wholesalemeteraretested(wherepossible)bi‐annually.Additionally,theimplementationofthelargecustomermeterassessmentand


40 APRIL 2015

production meter assessment projects will increase the understanding and validation ofinformationforthe2105audit.

IV. Billingsystemaccuracy–therelativelylargewaterlosscomponentmeansthatevaluationofcustomeraccountstoreduceapparentlosserrorfrommis‐classifiedormissingaccountsis advisable. As part of themeter assessment programs, the billing data for these largemeterswillbereviewedbythirdpartypersonnelwhichwilllikelyincreasethevalidationofmeteringcomponentsduringthe2015audit.

6.1 RECOMMENDED BEST PRACTICE IMPROVEMENTS Recommendeditemsforbestpracticeimprovementinclude;

Validity of Data

1. Conductdiscussionswiththerelevantstaffforeachofthepriorityitems.Re‐evaluatedatafrommultipleyearsandremoveorunderstandanomalies

2. Continuetoevaluatecalibrationdataandtestingdataforproduction/finishedwatermeterson an annual basis. Conduct flowvolume to complement the electronic calibration.Movefrom estimation to calculation of the master meter error adjustment. (Also see meteraccuracysectionforretailmeterdatavalidity)

3. Continue to conduct the audit onan annual cycle.Continuediscussionswith theworkinggrouptoanalyzeandassesswaterlosses,andtocreateaccountabilityfordata.

Reduce Leakage

1. Continuewith theautomated (leaknoise logger) surveymethodsand increaseamountofmanualgroundsurveystoimproveactiveleakagecontrol.

2. Construct pilot district metered area(s) in one or more selected portions of the system.Analyzeactualleakageforthe(se)specificsystemsectorsanddeterminethecosts,benefitsandcomplexitiesofexpandingtoadditionalareas.

3. Conductadditional“bottom‐up”analysisofleakageresultsthroughtestingindistrictareastodetermineeffectivenessofsurveymethods.

4. Conductevaluationofpressuremanagementpotential.

5. Conduct a review of staffing levels and equipment that may be required for properimplementationofrecommendations.

Meter Accuracy

1. Conducttestingofaselectionofretailmetersof1‐inch,1.5‐inchand2‐inchsizestocomplementtheworkonthe5/8‐inchand3‐inchandlargermetersthatwereconductedin2012.Continuetotestmetersofallsizesandmanufacturersthroughoutthefollowingyears.Recordtheaverageinaccuracy,weighttheaveragedependingonthevolumethrougheachmetersize,andrecordintheauditforCY2015year.



2. Testthewholesalecustomermeterstwiceayear.Determineifthereareanyinaccuraciesandrecordthisintheoverallaudit.Continuetotestthewholesalecustomermeterstwiceperyear.Implementaprocesswhereanyinaccuraciesareactivelyrecordedfortheannualaudit.Additionally,developawrittenprocedurethatinsuresthatallwaterusedfortestingisbeingaccountedforinfutureaudits.

3. Analyzemastermetertestingresultseveryyear,andnoteandcalculateanydiscrepanciesontheaudit.

Billing System Accuracy

1. Conductdetailedreviewofbillingsystemoperations,including

a. Reviewoflargemetermultipliers

b. Reviewofclassificationsforaccountswithchangeofuse

c. Cross‐reference property parcels, tax and utility records to water utility accountrecords

2. Conductpilotbillingsystemanomalyassessmenttomakesurethattherearenoerrors inaccountingofdata,orfrommeterreadingstothebillingsystem.

SomeofthemainbusinessbestpracticechangeswhichcouldbeusedtoimproveandreducewaterlossesareoutlinedinSections6.1.1through6.1.4

Prioritisation of Implementation Programs

Eachoftheprogramsdescribedaboveandintheoutlinesbelowwillprovidesomemeasureofaidtoreducingthevolumeofwaterlossand/orreducetherevenueimpactofthoselosses.Aswouldbeexpectedsomewillhaveafasterreturnoninvestment.Astheanalysesaredevelopedanddatafurthervalidatedtheleveltowhichthelossescanbereducedwillbebetterunderstood.Theanalysisofexistingleakagedataisaidingwithprioritization,butdevelopmentofthedistrictmeteredareaandpressuremanagementpilotswillenablemoreaccuratecostbenefittobedevelopedforreallosses.Thiswillhelptodeterminewhethertechniquessuchasstandardacousticsurveys,technology(e.g.noiseloggers),orpressuremanagementarethemosteffectiveforreducingleakage.Apparentlossesarealreadybeingprioritizedthroughtheanalysisofthemetertestingdataoverthepastfewyears.Thisisimprovingknowledgeofwhenmetersarefailingandwhentheyshouldbereplaced.Thisprioritizationwillbeimprovedasthesedynamicsarebetterunderstoodthroughanalysisofadditionaldataandthroughevaluationofthebillingsystemanditsinteractionwiththesemeteringsystems.

6.1.1 Validity of Data ‐ Improving Validation

Improvementsinvalidationcouldincludeannualreviewofdataandmorediscussionregardingthescoringoftheaccuracyofdata.Theperformanceindicatorsdevelopedaboveshouldbeusedinthiseffort.ThisisalsocompletedwithintheAWWAFreeWaterAuditSoftwareonabasiclevel(usinga1to10scoringsystem),andthisformatcouldbeincludedintheadditionalperformanceindicators.Staffwouldthenreviewthescoringandtheimportanceofthevariable,andworktowardsimprovingthevalidationscoresofthemostimportantindicators.

Transparentanalysisofdatamustbedeveloped.Arevenueenhancementteamshouldbesetuptoincludemembersfromeachdepartment,whomakesureallthedataisreviewed,andestimatesarereplacedbyactualdatathroughincreasedvalidation.Eachmembershouldbeaccountablefortheirportionofthedataset.Thedatasetcouldbedividedamongteammembersinasimilarformatwith


42 APRIL 2015

theperformanceindicators.Thisgroupshouldmeetatleasteveryquarter.Thedepartmentsinvolvedinthisteamshouldinclude(butnotbelimitedto):Administration/Management,CustomerService/Billing,Finance,MeterMaintenance,Operations,Personnel/HumanResources,SpecialProjects,andTreatment.

6.1.1.1 Continue Annual Water Audit

ConductanannualwaterauditfortheentireDepartment’ssystem,andifpossibleforselectedpressurezones.Inaddition,futureauditingandreportingfortheDepartmentshouldbeperformedwitheitheranoverreachingauditdepartment/managementanalystorathirdpartyauditor.Thispartywillreviewthedocumentation,andreportitannuallytoalldepartments(atleastinternally).

TheAWWAmethodologyremovesitselffromtheunaccounted‐for‐waterpercentagesusedinpreviousyears,andfocusesmoreonperformanceindicatorssuchasgallonsperconnection.Theseindicatorsaregenerallymorerobustandlesssusceptibletoclimaticchangesfromyeartoyear.Itisexpectedthatpercentageswillstillbeusedbyadministrationandbudgetstaff.However,withrespecttowaterlossespercentageisapoorindicatorandshouldbeusedsparingly.

Onceperformancetrendsareestablished,astaffmembershouldbeassignedtoreviewandcontrolthedata.InmanycasesthemostefficientmethodistohaveaManagementAnalystworkingfull‐timeonthisanalysis.Thisworkalmostalwayspaysforitselfwiththerevenueenhancementsandsavingsthatthisindividualcanfindandhelptomanagereduction.

6.1.2 Reduce Leakage

GeneralDepartmentresponseandactionwithrespecttowatermainbreaksisequaltooraboveindustryaverages.Therearesomeareasofpossibleimprovementavailableinallthreecomponentsofreportedleakage:awareness,location,andrepair.

TheDepartmentcurrentlyhasanexcellentactiveleakagecontrolprogram,andthisprogramshouldimprovewiththeadditionofextrastaffandreviewofhistoricdata.Withrespecttounreportedleaks,theDepartmentcanimprovebyreducingthetimetosurveythesystem.However,therearesignificantconstraintsbeyondthecontrolofMDWASDwhichhamperthiseffort.Theseincludethelinelocationcompanytimerequirementswhicharesetandfixedtimelines.Oncemoredetailedanalysisofthecostsandbenefitsoftheleakdetectionprogramisperformed;theactualreductioninwaterlossescanbeestimated.IfthereallossesarestillgreaterthantheILIgoal,thenadditionalresourcescouldbetargetedtoreducethesurveycyclefurtherorotherwiseimprovetheleakdetectionandrepairprocess.Thiswouldreducetheruntimeofunreportedleaksandreducewaterlossesproportionally.

Tocontrolleakagetotheeconomiclevel,3anincreasedlevelofactiveleakagecontrolbeyondthatcurrentlyemployedbytheDepartmentislikelytoberequired.Thecurrentpracticeofutilizingacousticnoiseloggersisexcellentpractice;however,thiswillnotfindalltheleakageinasystemduetotheconflictingnoisesinadistributionsystem.Electricaltransformers,streetlights,pumpingequipmentandpipelinebendsandconstrictionscanallcausenoisesignatureswhichcanconfusethenoiseloggingunits.Thereforeacomponentofthisprogramshouldalsoincludefieldstaffconductingacousticsurveyswithequipmentspecificallydesignedforsurveyingofwaterleaks,andlisteningtoallthehydrants,valves,andfittingsintargetedareas.Remotetechnologyisanexcellenttool,butitdoesnotyetactasatotalreplacementforactivesurveys.Performanceindicators

3 At the economic level of water loss, the cost of additional water loss reduction outweighs the benefits.



showingthenumberofleaks,typesofleaks,andidentificationmethodshouldberecordedandreported.

Thecurrentdualmainreplacementprogramwillalsoaidthereductionofleakageastheoldgalvanizedservicelinesinalleywaysareknowntobeamajorsourceofleakagewherevertheyarestillpartoftheinfrastructuremix.Also,hot‐spotareaswithunusuallylargeleakageshouldbeidentifiedandmeasuredthroughactivesurveys,andtargetingmethodssuchasDistrictMeteredAreas(DMA).Thiswouldallowbettertargetingofresourcestothemostproblematicareas.

6.1.2.1 District Zone Active Leak Detection

ActiveleakdetectionshouldincludethedevelopmentofDMAstoimprovetheknowledgeofactualamountofwaterlossinapilotzone.ThissubsectionalsodescribesanoverviewofanactiveleakdetectionprocesseswhichcouldbeusedfortheDepartment.

6.1.2.2 District Metering

Districtmeteringreferstorecordingallflowsintoadiscreteareaofthedistributionsystem.Dataregardinginflowsintothediscreteareaprovidethebasisofanassessmentoflevelsofwaterloss,aswellasaidinginquantifyingactualreductionsinthelevelsofwaterlossesachievedbyvariousactivities.Reallossisusuallyassessedbasedontheminimumflowrateinagivenarea.TheMinimumNightFlow(MNF)usuallyoccursbetween02:00AMand04:00AMeachmorning,andisoneofthemostmeaningfulpiecesofdataformeasuringleakage.However,intheDepartment‐specificcase,therewillbesectorswithinthedistributionsystemwheretheminimumflowratedoesnotoccurduringthisperiod.Thoseareaswithnewerhomes,whichhaveautomaticsprinklersystems,canchangethewaterusecharacteristicsconsiderably.Automaticsprinklersareoftensetbetween2AMand4AM.Inthesecases,itismoredifficulttodeterminetheminimumflowunlessartificialmethodsareincorporatedsuchasrestrictingoutdoorwaterusetospecificdaysoftheweek.Duringthelowest‐useperiod,thepressureishigher,authorizedconsumptionisataminimum,andtherefore,leakageisatitsmaximumpercentageofthetotalflow.Ifthereweredayswithintheweekwherenoirrigationwasallowed,thenitwouldbepossibletocontinuewiththispracticeduringtherestoftheyear.

Districtmeteringmaybecomplexorcostlytoimplementinsomeportionsofthesystem.Pilotstudyareaswillallowthesecostsandcomplexitiestobeevaluated.Analysisofminimumnightflowsrequirestheuseofsophisticatedtechniquestodeterminelegitimatenightuse,whichincludeconductinganAssessedNightUsestudy.CurrentlynoDMAstudieshavebeenconductedwithintheDepartmentservicearea.

6.1.2.3 Analysis of Flow and Pressure Data

Analysisofflowandpressureshouldbeconductedinordertoevaluatethegreatestriskforleakage.Ingeneral,thehigherthepressure,thegreatertheriskofleakagethereis.

Figure6‐1showsanexampleinstallationofapressureloggerontheoutletfromaPRV.


44 APRIL 2015

Figure 6‐1 Example Pressure Logger Installation

6.1.2.4 Improve Current Leak location practices

Decreasingleakawarenesstimescanbeaccomplishedbyeducatingandengagingthepublic,utilitystaff,andprivategroupstobemorevigilantinreportingleakage.ThiscanbepartiallyachievedthroughtheexistingPublicAwarenessProgram.Leaklocationtimescanbereducedbyutilizingspecifictechnologyandbyprovidingadditionaltrainedleak‐locatingcrews.Thelimitingfactorassociatedwithfasterrepairtimesmaybeassociatedwithobtainingtimelyutilitylocates.Byimprovingotherutility(gas,electricDepartment,etc.)locationtimes,repairscanbecompletedinamoretimelymanner.

6.1.3 Meter Accuracy ‐ Water Meter Testing and Replacement

MeteraccuracyisoneofthemostimportantfactorswithrespecttooverallwaterlossesintheDepartmentsystematthetimeofthisproject.Improvementinthisareawillnotreducetheamountofwaterdelivered,butwillsignificantlyincreaserevenuesfrompreviouslyunder‐performingmeters.Thefollowingsubsectionsoutlinesomeofthemethodswhichcanbeusedtoanalyzethetruevalueofthelossesandwaystoalleviatethem.

6.1.3.1 Volume Limits

Asampleofresidentialmeterswiththroughputvolumeswhichareabovethewarrantylimits(Table6‐1)forrepairedmetersshouldbetested.Itisexpectedthatthereareanumberof2‐,1.5‐,1‐,and5/8‐inchmeterswithflowvolumesinexcessofthewarrantylimits.The5/8‐inchmetersarealreadybeingtestedaspartofanongoingprograminitiatedin2012.

Metertestingisexpectedtodeterminethatdegradationofthemeteraccuracyoccursatarateofthroughputgreaterthanthewarrantyvolume.Thismaybeuptothreetimesthewarranty(asdevelopedinpreviousstudies,butonlyorganizedtestingandanalysisoftheseresultswillallowthistobedetermined.



Table 6‐1 Example Meter Volume Warranties

METERSIZE UNITSWARRANTYLIMITS 1.5XWARRANTY

5/8‐inch CCF 2,005(1.5MG) 3,008(2.25MG)

1‐inch CCF 4,010(3MG) 6,015(4.5MG)

1.5‐inch CCF 6,684(5MG) 10,026(7.5MG)

2‐inch CCF 10,694(8MG) 16,041(12MG)

Ifthecustomerisusingenoughwaterforthemetertobeoutofwarranty(throughflowvolume)withinfiveyears,thenthecustomershouldbecontactedinanefforttoreducetheirusagetowithinthenormalrangeofthemeterwarranty.Ifthisisnotpossible,themetersshouldbechangedoutformeterswithlargerdiameters(oncemeter‐sizinganalysis[seeAWWAmanualsM22andM6formoreinformation]determinesthebestmetersizeforthecustomer).Inaddition,improvementsinmeteraccuracywillimproverevenuerecoveryfromsewerusagecharges.Theseneedtobereviewedwithinthisstrategy.

6.1.3.2 Age Limits

Mostmeterreplacementprogramsarebasedonage.Inmanycases,theturnoverofmetersisquickerthannecessary.Thesamestandardizedtestingregimeusedforvolumeofthroughputshouldbecompletedformeterswithrespecttoageaswell.Testsfromothersystemshavedeterminedagesofreplacementupto25years(dependingalsoonotherfactorssuchasvolumeofthroughput).Thiswouldbe10yearsbeyondthefactorywarrantylimits,andcouldtheoreticallydefer40%ofnormalexpenditureonthemeterscomparedtoarepairpolicyjustbasedonwarranty.

Itshouldbenotedthatwearenotrecommendingablanketmeterreplacementprogramofevery25years.Thisistheexpectedaverageageofmeters,duetoprogramsandtestingdevelopedthroughcarefulstudy,andwouldneedtoberelatedtotheDepartmentspecificdataforittoapplytotheDepartmentaswell.Thestructuredapproachevaluatingvolume,variationsinhigh,intermediate,andlowflow,aswellasageandmetersizingisrecommended.


46 APRIL 2015

6.1.3.3 Testing of Meters

TheformatofmetertestingshouldfollowthecurrentAWWAstandards.Thisisasfollows:

Table 6‐2 AWWA Standard Flow Test Ranges

METERSIZE UNITS FULL INT LOW

5/8‐inch GPM 15 2 ¼

1‐inch GPM 40 4 ¾

1.5‐inch GPM 50 8 1.5

2‐inch GPM 100 15 2

3‐inch GPM 150 20 4

4‐inch GPM 200 40 7

6‐inch4 GPM 500 60 12

Additionally,eachtestshouldincludea“testblank”whichisanewmeterwithknowntesthistoryfromthemanufacturer.Ifthismeterwhentestedismorethan2%outsidethemanufacturertestedrange,thenthismetershouldbesentbacktothemanufacturerforre‐testing.Ifthereisstilla2%discrepancybetweenthemanufacturer’stestandthetestconductedbyDepartmentstaff,thenanotherrepresentativetestshouldbeconductedbya“third‐party”metertester.Oncethisisconductedthecorrectanalysiscanbeevaluated.

6.1.3.4 Conduct Assessment of AMR/AMI Implementation

AnevaluationofthecostsandbenefitsofthecurrentmeteringprogramsisunderwayinCY2015.Thereviewwillincludeexpectedtimelinesandcostsforfuturemaintenanceand/orreplacement.Currentlythestaffcostsforbillingareverylow,andadditionalfactorswouldberequiredtomakeafixednetworkorsimilarAMR/AMIimplementationcosteffective.Staffwouldassessandreportonthesecostsandbenefits,andrecommendthemostadvantageousprogram.

6.1.4 Billing System Accuracy

TheDepartmenthasdedicatedstaffandputprocessesinplacetoassistindetectingbillingsysteminaccuracies;howevermanyofthesechecksandcontrolsarededicatedtohighorlowexceptions,meterchanges,submeterusage,andno‐readswithlimitedchecksforreviewingbillingsystemaccuracyonotherbills.

6.1.4.1 Review Unauthorized Uses

Conductananalysisoftheftofservice,andcustomersnotcurrentlyreceivingthecorrectbill.Thisneedstobeinconjunctionwithabillinganalysis.Initialreviewwouldincludeanalysisofcustomerswithwaterservicebutnowastewaterservice,accountsthatconsistentlyreadzero,identificationofaddresseswithnoservice,etc.

4 The large meter testing flow rates are being changed in the newest version of AWWA Manual M6 (2014). See this manual for more detailed testing information.



6.1.4.2 Evaluate Mis‐classified Accounts

Evaluateandcorrectaccountswithmis‐classifiedmetertypes(residentialorirrigation)toenablemoreequitablecostofserviceforallcustomers.Thewateruseassociatedwithasprinkleraccountisnotassessedaseweragecharge,thereforeanymis‐classifiedaccountswouldneedtobedeterminedandchanged.

6.1.4.3 Water Billing Data Quality Control

AlthoughtheDepartmenthasstaffspecificallydedicatedtobillingprocessandreadexceptionanalyses,additionalresourceswouldenhancetheprogress.Existingstaffhaveotherbillingrelatedtasks.Underthisstrategy,theDepartmentwoulddedicateafull‐timeManagementAnalysttooverseethewaterlossreductionandrevenueenhancementprogram.ImprovementsinwaterlossreductionmustbedocumentedtoshowthattheDepartmentisimproving,andthattheinvestmentcommittedtotheBilling,MeterMaintenance,andLeakDetection/Operationsdepartmentsisreducingtheselosses.TheManagementAnalystshouldinterfacewithallrelevantDepartments,collateandorganizeallthedata,andpreparereportsontheperformanceofeacharea.Thiswillinclude,butnotbelimitedto,thefollowingrecommendedactivities:

Reviewsewerusagechargestoimproverevenuerecoveryfrominaccuratemeters.Thisisanadd‐ontotheanalysisofmeteraccuracy.Sinceitisnotexactlyaone‐to‐onerelationshipbetweentheinaccuracyofthewatermeterandthelossofsewercharges,thisneedstobeanalyzedseparately.

Reviewcustomeraccountswithawateraccount,butnowastewateraccount.

Reviewfirelineclassification,anddetermineifanyareunbilled.

6.2 ECONOMIC ANALYSIS OF LOSSES Inthecurrenteconomicclimate,financialpressurewilldriveallinvestmentsininfrastructurewhichcandrivedownleakageandapparentlosses.Itwillbeaveryimportantnextsteptocontinuetoevaluatetheeconomiclevelofeachofthewaterlossareas.

Focusingononeormoreofthebestpracticeimprovementsdepictedabovecanhavetheeffectofdrivingtheannualwaterlossvolumefromthecurrentleveltowardstheunavoidableannualvolumelevel.Somewhereinbetweenwillbetheeconomiclevelfortheutilitytomaintain.Theeconomicleveloflossesisusuallydescribedasfollows:whenthesavingsfromtherecoveredwaterexactlyoffsettheexpendituretosavethewater.However,allnewsourceshaveanassociateddevelopmentcost.Therefore,theeconomiclevelofrecoveryforreallossesshouldalsoaccountfortheminimumamountthatanewwaterresourcecancost.ThisavoidedcostisamorerelevantbaselinefortheDepartmentduetothefuturewaterresourceconstraintssuggestedinthe20yearplanninghorizonoftheWaterUsePlan.


BLACK & VEATCH | 49

Appendix A. Implementation Plan

Exhibits17Aand17BoftheDepartment’sWaterUsePermitNo.RE‐ISSUE13‐00017‐WofFebruary9,2015,providesascheduleofactivitieslistedinthewaterlossreductionplan.

BelowarelistedalltheactivitieslistedinExhibits17Aand17B.Eachitemisfurtherdescribedinthefollowingsections.

AppendixA‐TableofContents

A.5 RecommendationsforRealLossReduction

A.5.3.1 SystemDesign(ActiveReview)[Completed]

A.5.3.2.2 SystemManagement

A.5.3.2.3 AssetMaintenanceorReplacement

A.5.3.2.4 ReduceMaintenanceResponseTimes

A.5.3.2.5 ActiveLeakageControlandSounding

A.5.3.2.6 NumbernotusedinTable

A.5.3.2.7 PressureManagement

A.5.3.2.8 SpeedandQualityofRepairs

PerformVenturiComparativeTests

ConductWholesaleCustomerUnmeteredConnectionSurvey[Completed]

PilotFixedNetworkAMR

EnhanceGISDatabase

A.6 RecommendationsforApparentLossReduction

A.6.3.1 ReducingUnmeteredSupplies

A.6.3.2 ImprovedMeterAccuracy

A.6.3.3 CommercialMeterTypesandSizes

A.6.3.3.2.1 CompoundMetersandTurbineMeterComparisonofUsage

A.6.3.3.2.2 SettingEconomicMeterTestingGoals

A.6.3.4 ImprovedCalibrationofWholesaleCustomerMeters

A.6.3.5WholesaleCustomerUnmeteredConnectionAnalysis

ConductFieldAccuracyTestingofCommercialMeters


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PilotAMRtoImproveDataandReduceCost

CharacterizeResidentialWaterDemandUsePattern

DetermineEconomicOptimumforResidentialMeterReplacement

A.5.3.1 – SYSTEM DESIGN (5.3.1 IN WATER USE PERMIT)

History

Completed

Recommended Follow‐up Activities

None

A.5.3.2.3 – ASSET MAINTENANCE OR REPLACEMENT ActionItem:TheDepartmentinitiatedeffortstoevaluateandimprovethedistributionpipereplacements.

History

In2010,MDWASDperformedan‘EconomicAnalysesofLeakDetectionProgramandPipeReplacement’study,whichevaluatedhistoricaltrendstoestablishanadaptivestrategyforpipereplacementandleakdetectionprogramsbasedonstatisticalanalysisofleakincidences,pipereplacementinvestments,andeconomiclevelsofreturn.Thestudyproposedamodifiedapproachtoalignsystembettermentinvestmentswitheconomicimpactassessmentofleakincidences.

In2010,MDWASDalsoinitiatedthe“ConditionAssessmentofPrestressedConcreteCylinderPipe(PCCP)”programwhichsurveyedthemajorwatertransmissionpipelines.Asaresultoftheassessment,MDWASDdevelopedarehabilitationprogramusingCarbonFiberReinforcedPlastic(CFRP)systemandover40milesofPCCPwereinspectedin2011.

In2012theDepartmentcompletedinspectionofall120milesoflargediameterPCCPpipeinthewaterdistributionsystemandsuccessfullyrepaired/replaced118segments.

In2013theDepartmentupdatedthedistributionsystemdatabasewithnewdevelopmentsandreplacementsincludinginformationonpipeageandpipematerialtobettercorrelatepipebreakswithpiperehabilitationand/orreplacementefforts.

3. Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)

In2014theDepartmentupdatedtheGISdatabaseforreplacementsincludinginformationonpipeageandpipematerial.


Implementthemodifiedapproachforpipereplacementasrecommendedbythestudy.

Whilecollectingleakdetectionandpipelinedata,recordtheinformationthatintegratestheinterconnectivityofthesystemandtherelationtoothersetsofdata,suchasundergroundpipematerial,size,age,andenvironment(i.e.soiltype,soilcorrosivity,etc.)thatcanhelpdocumentthebasisforpipefailure.


BLACK & VEATCH | 51

Validatetheaccuracyoftheassetconditionassessmentthroughevaluationthroughfieldtesting.ContinuethePCCPrehabilitationprogram,asrecommendedintheassessment.

Followupontherecommendationsofthisstudyinordertoconductpipelineconditionassessmentonthosesegmentsofthedistributionsystemfoundcritical.

A.5.3.2.4 – REDUCE MAINTENANCE RESPONSE TIMES MDWASDinitiatedeffortstoreducethetimeittakesforitsmaintenancecrewstorespondtoleaksandtoimprovethespeedandqualityofitsrepairs.

History

MDWASDhaskeptbasicdataonspeedandqualityofrepairformanyyears,however,untilrecentlyithasnotgenerallybeentransferredtoAssetManagementdatabasesformoreaccuratereview.QualityofrepairshasbeendrivenbyutilizationofstandardmethodsandpracticessuchasthosedevelopedfromAWWAStandardsdocuments.

In2013MDWASDcommencedincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).

Conducted in Audit year (CY2014)

In2014theDepartmentreviewedthetrackingofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).Examplecomponentanalysisreviewofresponsetimeswasconsidered.


Continuewithdevelopmentofanactivedatabaseofthetimesthatleakswerereported,pinpointedandrepaired.Thecostsofrepair(laborandmaterials)shouldalsobeincludedantheamountoflostwaterestimatedwhenthisdataisavailable.Thisdatashouldbeusedtodeterminethecostsofeachleakandcost‐benefitofavoidingthesecostsdeveloped..

Toreduceresponsetimestorepairleaksofthegreatesvalue,itisrecommendedthattheprogramincludeleakclassificationsaspartoftheworkordergenerationproceduresasameanstoprioritizeleakrepairs.

Evaluateawarenesstimesincaseswhereknownissueshaverunforextendedperiodsoftime(butwerenotassociatedtoleakageuntilafteraleakwasfound).

Conductareviewofthequalityoffittingsandrepairs.Evaluateifanyofthefittingsusedareperformingpoorlyandifsoreviewthestandardsandspecificationsaroundtheseitems.

Reviewcurrentfailureanalysisdocumentationaswellasallrepairdatatodetermineamoreefficientandcostefficientproceduretoincreasereturnoninvestmentwhilereducingwaterloss.

Conductareviewofstaffinglevelsandequipmentthatmayberequiredforimplementingrecommendations.


52 APRIL 2015

A.5.3.2.5 – ACTIVE LEAKAGE CONTROL AND SOUNDING MDWASDinitiatedanactiveleakagecontrolandsoundingprogram,includingbothunmanned(noiselogger)andmannedleakpinpointing.

History

In2010,MDWASDperformedan‘EconomicAnalysesofLeakDetectionProgramandPipeReplacement’study,whichevaluatedhistoricaltrendstoestablishanadaptivestrategyforpipereplacementandleakdetectionprogramsbasedonstatisticalanalysisofleakincidences,investments,andeconomiclevelsofreturn.Thestudyproposedamodifiedapproachtoalignsystembettermentinvestmentswitheconomicimpactassessmentofleakincidences.

MDWASDisalsointheprocessofincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).

In2013MDWASDinitiatedanevaluationofautomatedleakagedetectionthroughleaknoiseloggers.Twosystemsweretrialed(thetrialsarecontinuinginto2014)andevaluationsofsuccesscomparedwithleaksdetectedandrepairedarebeingconducted.MDWASDhasalsoincreasedthesensitivityofitsleakdetectionprogrambyreducingthedistancebetweennoiseloggers(bothautomatedandmanuallydeployed).Mappingwasconductedtodeterminethelocationofleakswithinthesystem.ThiswastransferedontoGISandleak“hotspot”mapsdeveloped.Currentlythedataisshownbyleakspersquaremile.


In2014MDWASDfocusedonimprovingefficiencyoftheleaknoiseloggerdeployments.Thelift‐and‐shiftmethodologywasusedtosurveysystemandallowmoreeffectiveuseofleakpinpointingresources.


Implementthemodifiedapproachforleakdetectionasrecommendedbythestudy.

Whilecollectingleakdetectiondata,recordtheinformationthatintegratestheinterconnectivityofthesystemandtherelationtoothersetsofdata,suchasundergroundpipematerial,size,age,andenvironment(i.e.soiltype,soilcorrosivity,etc.)thatcanhelpdocumentthebasisforpipefailure/causesofleak.

Continuetoevaluateleakspermileofmainforthetotalsystemandpersectortogaininformationonwherereallossesare.Considerconnectingwiththehydraulicmodeltodetermineifpressure,age,ormaterialhasaneffectwithrespecttoleakage.

EvaluatetheeffectivenessofacousticleaknoiseloggersurveysversusstandardacousticsurveysconductedbyLeakageTechnicians.


BLACK & VEATCH | 53

A.5.3.2.7 – PRESSURE MANAGEMENT Aspartofthis,MDWASDplanstocompleteaZoneManagementPilot.

History

MDWASDisintheprocessofdevelopingapilotstudyforPressureandZoneManagementthatwillassessastrategyfortimelyreducingsystem‐widerealwaterlosses(andattendantnon‐revenuewater)withoutcompromisinglevelofservice.

In2013initialreviewoftheMiami‐DadesystemwasconductedandtheMiamiSpringsareawaschosentobeevaluatedforapilotzoneevaluationforpressuremanagement.


In2014additionalreviewoftheMiami‐Dadesystemwasconductedandmeteringdatawasevaluatedpriortoanyfinaldecisionforapilotzoneevaluationforpressuremanagement.


Developaconceptualplanforthepilotstudy

AssesstheeffectivenessofpressuremanagementwithinMiamiSprings

A.5.3.2.8—SPEED AND QUALITY OF REPAIRS MDWASDinitiatedeffortstoimprovethespeedandqualityofitsrepairs.

History

MDWASDhaskeptbasicdataonspeedandqualityofrepairformanyyears,however,untilrecentlyithasnotgenerallybeentransferredtoAssetManagementdatabasesformoreaccuratereview.QualityofrepairshasbeendrivenbyutilizationofstandardmethodsandpracticessuchasthosedevelopedfromAWWAStandardsdocuments.

TheMDWASDhas10crewsdedicatedtofixanyleaksassoonaspossibleincludingnight‐shiftteams.

In2013MDWASDwasintheprocessofincorporatingleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs(i.e.newandrepatches).


In2014MDWASDcontinuedtoincorporateleakdetectiondataintotheEnterpriseAssetManagementSystem(EAMS)tokeeptrackofleakresponsetimeandinventoryrepairs.


Updatethedistributionsystemdatabasewithpipeageandpipematerialtobettercorrelatepipebreakswithpiperehabilitation/replacementefforts.

Createandmonitormetricsforqualityoffixtures(howoftentheybreak,etc.)andthetimefromawarenesstorepair.

IncludetotheEAMStrackingadetailedfailureanalysisaswellaswhetheraleakwasreportedorunreported.Thisstepwillhelpmanagementmakemoreinformeddecisionsregardinglinerefurbish/replacement.


54 APRIL 2015

ENHANCE GIS DATABASE MDWASDiscurrentlyenhancingitsGISdatabase.

History

MDWASDcontinuestoenhanceitsGISdatabasetoincludemoreinformationonitsdistributionsystemfeatures(pipelengths,diameters,materials,ageinservice,etc.).

TheGISdatabasewasqueriedtoaccessthecurrentmileageofpipelinewithinthesystem.Thedatabasecontinuestobeupdatedactivelywhenevernewwatermainprojectsarecompletedandafteranyfield‐basedreportsshowdifferencesfromwhatiscurrentlywithinthedatabase.


AdditionalimprovementsintheGISdatabasewereincludedin2014.Thisincludedremovalofasmallnumberofmilesofrawwatermainpreviouslyincludedintheaudit.


Planintegrateduseofexpandedcapabilitiesinassetmanagementprogramandconductinitialfieldvalidationtoproveaccuracyofdatabase..

RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPARENT LOSS REDUCTION

A.6.3.1 – REDUCING UNMETERED SUPPLIES MDWASDcontinueswitheffortstoreduceunmeteredwatersupplies.

History

Fire‐fightingandmainflushingarethelargestunmeteredusesinMDWASD’ssystem.Althoughnotmetered,mainflushingvolumesareestimatedusingindustryaccepted(flowxduration)protocolandareconsistentlyrecorded.Usagebyfiredepartmentsiscurrentlyneitherestimatednorrecorded.

In2010,FireDepartmentsthatreceivewaterfromMDWASDwereidentifiedandcontactedtorequesttheircooperationindevelopingamethodologytobetteraccountfortheirwaterusage.

In2013mainflushingcontinuedtobemonitoredactivelyandflowxdurationcalculationsdeveloped.Firedepartmentwaterusewasnotaccountedfor.


In2014mainflushingcontinuedtobemonitoredandflowxdurationcalculationsdeveloped.Firedepartmentwaterusecontinuestonotbeaccountedfor.


ConductmeetingswiththeidentifiedFireDepartmentstoevaluatetheirwaterusage.

BasedonthefeedbackfromtheFireDepartments,developamethodologyforappropriatelyaccountingforFireDepartmentwateruse.

Recordallunmeteredusesanddevelopannualtrendsofthisusage.


BLACK & VEATCH | 55

A.6.3.2 – IMPROVED (RETAIL) METER ACCURACY MDWASDcontinuestoconductfieldaccuracytestingofcommercialmeterstoimprovemeteraccuracy.

History

Somecommercialmetersiteshaveprovedtobechallengingtotest,notbecauseofthesites,butbecauseofcircumstancessuchasJacksonHospital’sinabilitytoshutdownanentirelinefortestingpurposes.

In2010,adedicatedtestingsitewasinstalledtotest4‐inchmeters.In2012,twonewtechnologies(ultrasoundandelectromagneticmeters)continuetobetested.In2012aresidentialmetertestingprogramwasinitiated.Morethan800metersweretestedin2012.

In2013MDWASDcontinuedtoconductaccuracytestingandevaluationtoestimatetheoverallaccuracyandreplacementofsuspectretailmeters.Analysisoftestdatawasalsoconductedbystaffinternstoevaluateage‐basedperformancedata.NewmeterssuchasSensusiPerlarebeingtrialled.


In2014MDWASDfocusedonlargecustomermetertestingandrepair.Thedurationbetweentestswasactivelyreducedinthisaudityear.TheDepartmentisalsoimplementingalargecustomermeterassessment(2014/2015)tohelpdefineoverallmeteraccuracyanddeterminepropersizeandtypeofmetersinstalledonallcustomerswithmeters3”andlarger.


Determinemetertestingfrequencybymetersizeandconfigurationbasedoneconomicalandstatisticalanalysesofcommercialmetersamples.

Installtesttapsatlocationsthathavebeenevaluatedandinspectedwheredisplacementmetersandturbinemeterswerebeingusedinacompoundsetting.

Installandtestnewmetersforbetteraccuracyandlessmaintenance.

Monitorandanalyzedatatodirectreplacementandmaintenanceimprovements

A.6.3.3.2.1 – COMPOUND METER USAGE COMPARED TO SAME SIZE TURBINE METERS MDWASDinitiatedeffortstocomparecompoundmeterusagetosimilarly‐sizedturbinemetersettings.

History

MDWASDhasobtainedafewnewstyle“Omni”metersfromSensusforevaluation.ThesemetersactascompoundmetersandwereinstalledbyMDWASDatvarioussitesandpassedtheevaluationprocesswithsatisfactoryresultsregardingmeasurementofultralowflowswithafullrangeofhighflows.The“Omni”metershavenowbecomestandardforMDWASD.

In2013MDWASDcontinuedtouseandspecifytheOmnimeters.Continuedanalysishasbeenconductedtoproveoutthesatisfactoryresultsdevelopedinpreviousyears.


56 APRIL 2015


In2014MDWASDcontinuestouseandspecifytheOmnimeters.Continuedanalysishasbeenconductedtoproveoutthesatisfactoryresultsdevelopedinpreviousyears.


Continuetodocumenttheinitialevaluationof“Omni”meters.

Developandanalyzeadatabasewithtestingdataresults..Aspartofthelargecustomermeterassessmentprogram,varioustestdatawillbeanalyzedtodetermineanoverallinventoryaccuracy.

Continuereplacingtheobsoleteturbinemeterswith“Omni”orotherreliablemeterscurrentlyunderevaluationbyMDWASD.

Continuetotesttheturbinemeterstodeterminethemeteraccuracyandtorankreplacements

A.6.3.3.3 – LOOKING FORWARD (SETTING ECONOMIC METER TESTING GOAL)

History

Completed


None

A.6.3.4 – IMPROVED CALIBRATION OF WHOLESALE CUSTOMER METERS MDWASDiscurrentlyperformingcomparativeaccuracytestingonitswholesalecustomerventuri,turbine,andpositivedisplacementmeters.

History

MDWASDperformstestingofthewholesaleturbinemeterstwiceayear

VenturiMeterSites:In2010,stepsweretakentoconnectthesemeterstoSCADA.Testtapinstallationsthatarerequiredforaccuracytestingarepending.

TurbineMeterSites:ThesemeterswereallconnectedtotheAMRsystem.


Thewholesalecustomermeterscontinuetobetestedtwiceperyear.


PlanCapitalImprovementProgramrequiredfortestinginaccessiblemeters.

Continuetoconductsemi‐annualtestingofwholesalemeters


BLACK & VEATCH | 57

A.6.3.5 – WHOLESALE CUSTOMER UNMETERED CONNECTION ANALYSIS MDWASDinitiatedunmeteredwholesalecustomerconnectionsurveyandanalysis.

History

In2009,MDWASDfoundawholesalemeterby‐passthatwasopenallowingunmeteredwaterdeliverytothewholesalecustomer.Allby‐passmetershavenowbeenlockedandevaluationofmeteringorconnectiontoSCADAwillbeundertakenin2011.

In2013MDWASDcontinuedtochecktheby‐passmeterstomakesuretheycontinuetobelockedandnotamperinghadbeenconducted.


In2014MDWASDcontinuedtochecktheby‐passmeterstomakesuretheycontinuetobelockedandnotamperinghadbeenconducted.


CompletetheevaluationofmeteringandconnectiontoSCADAofallthewholesalemeters

Continuetomonitorallbypassestomakesurethatnounmeteredwholesaleuseisoccurring.

Considerinstallingbypassmetersonanyunmeteredline

PERFORM VENTURI COMPARATIVE TESTS ‐ WTPS MDWASDiscurrentlyperformingcomparativeaccuracytestingonthecombinedrawandfinishedwatermetersatitswatertreatmentplants.

History

In2012MDWASD;

ContractedwithGEMeasurementandControltoconductflowdiagnosticsofallthemagneticflowmeterscurrentlyinstalledatallthesupplywellsinthesystem.ThetestresultspresentedintheJune3,2012reporttitled“WellWaterFlowMeterVerificationReport”showedthatallthemetersarewithinthemanufacturer’snormaloperatingrangeandareregisteringflowsaccurately

In2012theDepartmentalsoconductedtheirbiannualcalibrationoftheflowtransmittersatalltherawandfinishedwaterventurimetersinthethreeplants.Calibrationreportsindicatedthatalltransmitters“passed”thecalibrationtestsinboththe“asfound”and“asleft”condition.

In2013calibrationwasconductedattheAlexanderOrr,HialeahandPrestonPlantsforfourrawwaterVenturiMetersandfinishedwatermeters.GEMeasurementandControlwasagaincontractedtoconductflowdiagnosticsofallthemagneticflowmeterscurrentlyinstalledatallthesupplywellsinthesystem


In2014aProductionMetersAssessmentwasinitiatedtomoreaccuratelyvalidatethefinishedwaterventurimeteringsystems.Thisisduetobecompletedin2015.


58 APRIL 2015


Continuetoflowtestandcalibratemetersonanannualbasis

● TestingfortherawandfinishedVenturiwatermetersatsomeofthethePrestonandHialeahplantscannotbeperformeduntiltesttapsareinstalled.ReviewinstallationlocationsfortesttapsneededtovalidatethelevelofmeteringaccuracyatthePreston/Hialeahplants.

Identifyanycapitalprojectsthatmayberequiredtosupportmetertesting.

PERFORM COMPARATIVE TESTS – WHOLESALE CUSTOMERS MDWASDcontinuestoperformcomparativeaccuracytestingonitswholesalecustomerventuri,turbine,andpositivedisplacementmeters.

History

VenturiMeterSites:In2010,stepsweretakentoconnectthesemeterstoSCADA.Testtapinstallationsthatarerequiredforaccuracytestingarepending.

TurbineMeterSites:In2010,thesemeterswereallconnectedtotheAMRsystem.Evaluationofotherwholesalemetersispendinguponinstallationofadditionaltesttaps.

Wholesalecustomermeterswereflowtestedannuallywherepossible.


Wholesalecustomermeterswereflowtestedsemi‐annually.


ContinuetoplanCapitalImprovementProgramsrequiredfortesting,monitoringand/orreplacementofinaccessiblemeters.

AdditionalevaluationoftheSCADAorAMIconnectivityisbeingconsidered

PILOT FIXED NETWORK MDWASDiscurrentlyexpandingtheAMR/AMInetwork.

History

In2010,MDWASDinitiatedtheexpansionoftheAMInetworkwiththeinstallationofadditionalAMImetersfromSensusMeteringSystems,Inc.Atotalof820AMImeterswereinstalledintheMDWASDserviceareaand4,300AMRmetersintheMiamiSpringsserviceareahavebeeninstalled.

MDWASDalsoworkedonajointAMIprojectwiththeParksdepartment.

AdditionalAMIandAMRinterfaceunitswereconnectedtothesystemin2013andtheMiamiSpringsnetworkwastested.Thissystemwasoperationalin2013,andwasoperationalforbillingpurposesin2014.


TheMiamiSpringsAMInetworkwasoperationalinApril2014.Datafromthesystemhasbeenreviewedandevaluatedthroughtheaudityearandinto2015.


BLACK & VEATCH | 59


ContinuetoexpandAMR/AMInetworkandcontinuetotestitseffectivenessintheMDWASDservicearea.EvaluatetotalsystemAMR/AMIpotential.

DETERMINE ECONOMIC OPTIMUM FOR RESIDENTIAL METER REPLACEMENT ThisitemrequiresthatMDWASDcharacterizeresidentialwaterdemandpatternsanddetermineeconomicoptimumforresidentialmeterreplacement.

History

“MeterMaster”loggersweredeployedtocharacterizeresidentialdemandinOctober2008andwererotatedthrougharepresentativesetofmetersonaweeklybasis.Residentialdemanddata,alongwithageandmetertestingdata,wasusedtoestablishaneconomicoptimumformeterreplacement.

SensusSRmodelmeterisanoldmeterdesignthatcomprisesmostoftheMDWASD’smeterinventory.In2010,MDWASDinvestigateddifferentmetermodelsandbegantoconsidernewmeterssuchasSensus“iPERL”.

In2011,MDWASDstartedtheimplementationof4,000+“iPERL”meters.

In2012aresidentialmetertestingprogramwasinitiated.Morethan800metersweretestedin2012.Reviewofthemetershopoperationsandpracticeswasalsoconductedtoimproveefficiencyofreplacementunderstandingandprocedures.

Analysisofthedegradationoftheretailcustomermeterswasevaluatedin2013toinitiatemoreactivereplacementpoliciesforthesemeterswithintheMDWASDsystem.Reviewofthelead‐freerequirementsofSection1417oftheSafeDrinkingwaterActwasconductedtoassesshowitmayaffecttherepairandreplacementoftheexistingmeterstock.


Meteringfocuswasshiftedtemporarilytothelargecustomermetersin2014.


Reviewresidentialtestingrequirementstoimprovesmallmeteraccuracy.

Continueloggingandanalyzingdatafromnew‐modelmetersinstalledinthesystemtoupdatetheassessmentoftheeconomicoptimumreplacement.

Continuethereplacementofresidentialmeterswiththenew“iPERL”orsimilarmeterswithintegraldatalogging.

Conductresidentialdemandpatternanalysiswithnewstandardmeterswhichcanbettermeasurelowflows.

Miami‐Dad

BLACK & VE

Appen

de Water and

EATCH |

ndix B.

Sewer Depart

Water

ment | 2014 A

Audit R

ANNUAL WATE

eport

ER LOSS REDUCCTION PLAN

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62

20014 ANNUAL WWATER LOSS REEDUCTION PLAAN | Miami‐Daade Water andd Sewer Depar

APRI

rtment

IL 2015


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Appendix C. Water Use Permit

The Deparment’s current Consolidated Water Use Permit, Permit No. 13‐00017‐W, is available from the

South Florida Water Management District’s ePermitting webpage via the following link.

http://www.sfwmd.gov/ePermitting/DetailedReport.do?recordId=0&showMenu=false

2014 annu al wa ter loss reduction plan · corp (black & veatch) to prepare the 2014 annual...

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