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2014 NESEA COMPETITION

Gregory Freeman, Civil Engineering 2014

Yunjae Sohn, Architectural Engineering 2016

Worcester Polytechinic Institute

2/3/2014

WPI ZERA

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Table of Contents Table of Contents .................................................................................................................................. 0

Table of Figures .................................................................................................................................... 2

Table of Tables ...................................................................................................................................... 3 Introduction ........................................................................................................................................... 4 ZERA .................................................................................................................................................................... 6 Insulation ......................................................................................................................................................................... 10 Window Selection ........................................................................................................................................................ 14 Passive Systems ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 HVAC .................................................................................................................................................................................. 20 Lighting ............................................................................................................................................................................. 21

Other Ways to Go Green ............................................................................................................................. 22 Grey Water Systems for Landscape Irrigation ................................................................................................ 22 Rainwater Collection for Irrigation ...................................................................................................................... 23

Structural Considerations .......................................................................................................................... 24 Apartment Floors ......................................................................................................................................................... 25 Roof .................................................................................................................................................................................... 27 Walls .................................................................................................................................................................................. 27 Parking Garage .............................................................................................................................................................. 28

Energy Evaluation .............................................................................................................................. 29 Solar Energy ................................................................................................................................................... 29 Wind Energy ................................................................................................................................................... 31 Design Builder Evaluation ......................................................................................................................... 32

Cost Evaluation ................................................................................................................................... 34

Works Referenced ............................................................................................................................. 35

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Table of Figures Figure 1 Percentage of U.S. Energy uses. Source: Buildings Energy Data Book. ........................... 4 Figure 2 Estimated economic potential by sector for global mitigation for different regions

as a function of carbon price in 2030 from bottom-‐up studies, provided by IPCC. More information about this graph can be found at IPCC publications and data under reports section. ................................................................................................................................................................. 5

Figure 3 Rendered apartment modules of Carlos Vega site, south facing side .............................. 6 Figure 4 Rendered interior living space lighted only by daylighting ................................................. 7 Figure 5 Second floor floor plan with dimensioning ................................................................................. 8 Figure 6 First floor floor plan for Carlos Vega module ............................................................................. 9 Figure 7 U.S. Residential End-‐Use Energy Consumption of 2010 by DOE, March 2011. ........ 10 Figure 8 Semi-‐exposed Wall structure. CMU filled with insulation sheathed by gypsum

boards. The insulation could also be replaced by any batt system that goes underneath the finish. R value around 25 .................................................................................................................. 11

Figure 9 Exterior wall structure. This structure has R-‐value of 7.92m2K/W or R-‐45 in imperial units. ................................................................................................................................................ 12

Figure 10 Mechanism of low emissivity glass provided by Jetson Green. .................................... 14 Figure 11 Pictures of SolarOr’s BIPV product, BeeHive PV. Arrayed in cell-‐like formation

(Left), this product can now apply PV panels in aesthetically pleasing way (Right). .... 15 Figure 12 Ecotect Analysis 2011 Psychrometric Chart for Chicopee Falls, MA, by dry bulb

temperature (x-‐axis) absolute humidity (y-‐axis) showing the comfort zone (marked by the yellow rectangle) and climate data for Chicopee Falls (lighter the blue, more daily averages) ......................................................................................................................................................... 17

Figure 13 Psychrometric Chart for Chicopee Falls, MA with extended (red) comfort zone (yellow) through the use of passive solar heating with 50% glazing, high insulation, and average solar collector effeiecny. ................................................................................................. 18

Figure 14 Effects on the internal temperature cycle of a thermal mass ........................................ 19 Figure 15 Psychrometric Chart of Chicopee Falls showing an extended (red) comfort zone

(yellow) through the use of a thermal mass system ..................................................................... 20 Figure 16 Mechanism of Grey Water System provided by Flotender. ............................................ 22 Figure 19 Average annual precipitation and total monthly precipitation data of Holyoke vs.

U.S. ...................................................................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 18 Rainwater Filter Infiltration System mechanism provided by Flotender. ............... 24 Figure 23 Dimensions of the third floor of the apartment module with the structural

masonry wall positions shown in red ................................................................................................. 26 Figure 24 Scissor Truss Finite Element Model created using Matlab with units in inches ... 27 Figure 16 Collector efficiency: second order curves. Adapted from a spreadsheet by Jan Erik

Nielsen, Solar Keymark, European Solar Thermal Industry Federation, 2006. ................ 29 Figure 22 Annual Energy Output of BWC EXCEL-‐S wind turbine. .................................................... 32 Figure 21 Temperature and Heat Gains graphs provided by DesignBuilder. ............................. 33 Figure 22 Pie Chart of the estimated construction costs, with PV panels included under

"Other" .............................................................................................................................................................. 34

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Table of Tables Table 1 Positive aspects of Thermax Sheathing—polyisocyanurate sheathing. ........................ 11 Table 2 Summarization of and comparison between various types of insulation. ................... 13 Table 3 Specifications of Solarban 60 compared to standard insulating glass. .......................... 15 Table 4 Comparison between various types of lamps. .......................................................................... 21 Table 5 Summary of the Loadings on the Structure ............................................................................... 25 Table 5 Specifications of TitanPower Plus .................................................................................................. 29 Table 6 Data constructed from PV Watts, a performance calculator for Grid-‐Connected PV

Systems. The efficiency of converter was assumed to be 80%. ............................................... 30 Table 8 Comparison between wind energy and solar energy. ........................................................... 32 Table 9 Energy consumption per floor. Total energy consumed by a module should be

multiplied by a factor of four as there are four floors per module. ........................................ 32

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Introduction We live in a period of ongoing energy crisis. As future leading professionals in

the field of architecture, it is our duty to ensure the new generation of buildings is energy

efficient. Buildings use up to 40 percent of our everyday energy use (Figure 1).

Considering that U.S. composes about 20% of world energy consumption, this figure is

substantial. Movement towards net-zero energy and passive architecture is necessary to

reduce use of nonrenewable energy and therefore reduce greenhouse gas emission. As

buildings consume considerable amount of energy, architectural field has abundant

possibility to save energy and increase efficiency (Figure 2). Following figure provided

by IPCC illustrates how much more potential buildings sector has as a function of carbon

price in 2030. looking at the economic potential at 20 percent increase in investment, it is

clear that with least amount of money, the building sector offers the most effective

investment to reduce greenhouse gas emission. Through competitions like Net-Zero

Energy Student Design Competition, the public can become more aware of the

possibilities created by a movement towards sustainable and passive architecture.

Figure 1 Percentage of U.S. Energy uses. Source: Buildings Energy Data Book.

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Two centuries ago, Holyoke was built as one of the earliest planned industrial city and

and now it can be renewed as a regional economic force using sustainable energy design.

Holyoke was an early adopter of sustainable energy by harnessing the power of the Connecticut

Connecticut river, which provided cheap power to run Holyoke’s flourishing industries. As

As Holyoke’s industry flourished in 19th century by using this power but has since stagnated.

There is potential for this city to once again rise as an economic force by using newer forms of

sustainable energy. Because of its early history as a planned industrial city, the regular layout of

the city helps the transition toward becoming modern sustainable city.

Figure 2 Estimated economic potential by sector for global mitigation for different regions as a function of carbon price in 2030 from bottom-‐up studies, provided by IPCC. More information about this graph can be found at IPCC publications and data under reports section.

6

Figure 3 Rendered apartment modules of Carlos Vega site, south facing side

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ZERA Our design for the Carlos Vegas area is a series of net zero energy repeatable

apartment modules, or ZERA,(as shown in Figure 3) powered by solar and wind energy.

Each module is a four story apartment complex with two apartments per floor (shown in

Figure 5 and Figure 6). The apartment modules have no windows on the east and west

facing facades to allow for side by side construction of each module in order to optimize the

use of the site space. Currently each apartment module has eight apartments, seven two-‐

bedroom and one single bedroom apartments.

The natural sustainable energy provided the sun figures prominently in ZERA with

the sun being used in five capacities, lighting (daylighting), heating(solar heating), heat

storage(thermal mass), hot water production(solar panels), and energy production(PV

panels). ZERA’s focus on the use of solar energy reduces the overall energy demands of

apartment modules and, with the help of on-‐site wind turbines, creates a net-‐zero energy

series of structures.

Figure 4 Rendered interior living space lighted only by daylighting

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One of the most important aspects of ZERA is creating thermal barriers

between the exterior and interior climates, while keeping a sense of connection

between the two. We accomplished this through our selection of insulation,

windows, and window placement.

Figure 5 Second floor floor plan with dimensioning

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Figure 6 First floor floor plan for Carlos Vega module

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Insulation Figure 7 shows that space heating and cooling takes up more than 50% of energy use, therefore

it is essential to have properly insulated house to conserve energy, especially in cooler climates

like Massachesetts. Insulation used in the exterior walls is polyisocyanurate insulated sheathing

as well as cellulosic fiber. Polyisocyanurate sheathing was chosen because its high R-Value to

thickness ratio allows for high insulation requiring a minimum of space. The product Thermax

Sheathing from The DOW Chemical Company helps us achieve the high total R-Value for

façade walls without increasing the thickness of them by significant amount.

Figure 7 U.S. Residential End-‐Use Energy Consumption of 2010 by DOE, March 2011.

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Cellulosic fiber was chosen for its environmentally friendly aspect. If installation of

cellulosic fiber is not achievable, cotton batt is another green alternative. As both types of

insulations are made with recycled materials, either way it will be more environmentally friendly

than other options. With given structure, R-value for exterior wall is around R-45.

Table 1 Positive aspects of Thermax Sheathing—polyisocyanurate sheathing.

Figure 8 Semi-‐exposed Wall structure. CMU filled with insulation sheathed by gypsum boards. The insulation could also be replaced by any batt system that goes underneath the finish. R value around 25

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The walls that divide the living space from hall way is insulated by cellulosic

fiber that fills up CMUs. More detailed comparison between various types of insulation is

provided in Table 2. The flat roof will be treated similarly as the wall with 5-6 inches of cellulose or

wool insulation with 4 inches of polyisocyanurate insulation to greatly increase the R-

value. For the exterior flooring, having polyisocyanurate insulation in between the

underground garage and the first floor in between the concrete slab and the flooring will

help isolate the conditioned space from unconditioned space.

Figure 9 Exterior wall structure. This structure has R-‐value of 7.92m2K/W or R-‐45 in imperial units.

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Table 2 Summarization of and comparison between various types of insulation.

Categories Types R-‐value Uses Pros Cons Water-‐vapor Source

Fibrous Insulation

Batts/blankets

Fiberglass

.

2-‐4.0

Foundation-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Floor-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Wall-‐ new

construction

Ceiling-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Easy to install

Relatively Inexpensive

Can withstand high

temperature

Cotton is recycled and

nontoxic

Fiberglass resistance to

microbiological attack and

chemicals

If not isolated from

interior correctly,

fibers could cause

breathing problems

Could leave holes

and gaps where air

can circulate

Needs to be flame

resistant if were to

left exposed

Needs to be

treated with

building paper as

a vapor retarder

Mehta,

“Insulation:

Materials and

Techniques.”

“Building

shell.” “Types

of Insulation.”

Rock wool

2

8-‐3.7

Cotton 3

2

Loose-‐fill

Fiberglass 2.2-‐3.6

Wall-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Ceiling-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Easy to retrofit

Seals gaps

Takes much energy

to produce

Possible

condensation

Mehta,

“Building

shell.”

Cellulosic

fiber

3

0-‐3.7

Easy to retrofit

Recycled Material. When

blown in wet, the mixture

fills in gaps and seals them,

which reduces air leakage

and infiltration. When

installed dry, can be used to

insulate walls as long as it

is packed tightly.

Flame-‐retardant.

May absorb moisture

“Building

shell.”

“Insulation:

Materials and

Techniques.”

Rock wool

2

8-‐3.7

Easy to retrofit

Seals gaps

Great acoustic insulator as

well

Requires

waterproofing

“Building

shell.”

“Insulation:

Materials and

Techniques.”

Granular Insulation

Rigid boards

Perlite .

5-‐3.7 Exterior insulation

and finish systems

wall systems

EPS boards has to

be modified to be

fire-‐safe according

to ASTM E 84.

Insulating efficient

Perlite-‐ Noncombustible

High resistance to substrate

corrosion

EPS – lighter in weight

Inability to

withstand high

temperatures

Only effective when

it is dry

Break down when

exposed to sunlight

EPS combustible

Permeable to

water since it’s

beaded

Impurities can

absorb water

Dries slowly-‐

Needs asphalt

water repellent

treatment

Also can be

treated with

silicone when

processing

*moi

stures cause the

granules to settle

Mehta

“Table of

Insulation

Material.”

Expanded

polystyrene (EPS)

5

0

Insulating

Concrete

Perlite .

7-‐3.13

Insulating

concrete wall, flat

roof

Bonds well to most roof

substrates

High-‐wind-‐uplift resistance

Fire resistance

Easy sloping to drains

Lower-‐R value

compared to others

Heat travels through

solid part of the

block.

Vermiculite 2

08-‐2.44

14

down

Foamed Insulation

Rigid boards

Extruded

polystyrene

5

Foundation-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Wall-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Ceiling-‐ new

construction and

retrofit

Resistant to fungal growth

and chemical

decomposition

Highest available R-‐values

per inch

Expensive,

Carpenter ants and

thermites creates

cavities

High resistance

to water and

water vapor

penetration

Mehta,

“Building

shell.” “Types

of Insulation.”

polyisocyanu

rate

5

6-‐7.7

“Building

shell.”

“Insulation:

Materials and

Techniques.”

spray-‐in Polyurethane

5

.6-‐6.8

Wall-‐

new construction

and retrofit

Ceiling

-‐ new construction

and retrofit

Roof-‐

new construction

and retrofit

Seals gaps and control

leakage. Prevents moisture

transmission the best

Highest available R-‐values

per inch

Carpente

r ants and thermite

“Building

shell.”

“Insulation:

Materials and

Techniques.”

Concrete

Portland cement

with water and

liquid foaming

concentrate

3

9

Roof insulation,

walls

Higher resistivity than

Insulating concrete

Nontoxic

Nonflammable

Vulnerable to insects

Needs waterproof

treatment

Mehta, “Types

of Insulation.”

Window Selection All the windows installed in northern façade are Solarban 60 solar control Low-e

Glass, the product of PPG Glass Technology. These windows are made from coating low

emissivity silver and metal oxide layers on glass surface. These coatings improve the

Figure 10 Mechanism of low emissivity glass provided by Jetson Green.

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insulation value of window panes by reducing radiant heat transfer through the window. The

interior floors act as a thermal mass by absorbing the heat from direct sunlight that travels

through window. The heat is released energy at a later time as long-wavelength electromagnetic

radiation which the low-e coatings traps within the structure, reducing the heating load on the

HVAC systems. Cities like Holyoke with brutal winter weather can benefit from this trapped

solar heat that would ultimately reduce heating costs. Low-e insulating glasses, depending on the

location, reduce the heating costs up to 3 times less. Also it is possible to stop the passive heat

gain during the warmer summer months by using louvers, which would block the solar radiation

while allowing the summer breeze to enter. Following table illustrates the benefits of Solarban

60 Insulating Glass Unit by juxtaposing its specifications with standard Insulating Glass Unit. Table 3 Specifications of Solarban 60 compared to standard insulating glass.

Figure 11 Pictures of SolarOr’s BIPV product, BeeHive PV. Arrayed in cell-‐like formation (Left), this product can now apply PV panels in aesthetically pleasing way (Right).

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Windows located at kitchen and parts of curtain wall in living area can be built

with SolarOr’s BIPV product, BeeHive PV. As the PV panels should be sufficient to

meet the energy need for the model, this product is an option available for higher end

design. This product’s name comes from its structure of honeycomb made with acrylic

solar panels. The beehive structure allows “optimal allocation of the solar cells so that the

panels simultaneously to pass light but also to concentrate on the PV.” Each cell of the

beehive structure is filled with silicon that supports the PV cell. The adjustment of

amount of silicon filling enables angle of PV cells to be adjusted accordingly for various

sites. Furthermore, the filling also functions as a prism that magnifies the sunlight. This

technology provides an energy saving alternative compared to conventional curtain walls.

SolarOr’s BIPV module not only produces sustainable energy with maximum power per

square meter of about 155 Watts, but also provides thermal insulation with U-value of .2-

.35 as well as acoustic insulation.

Passive Systems The passive systems are used to reduce the loads on the HVAC system and

create a connection between the interior and exterior spaces, while not increasing

the energy demands of the building. ZERA uses two passive systems, solar heating,

and thermal mass. These systems were chosen using psychometric chart function of

Ecotect Analysis 2011 using climate data from the town of Chicopee Falls, MA which

is nearby Holyoke.

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As seen in Figure 12, the climate of Holyoke is mostly more humid and colder than

the target comfort zone. Every data point outside the comfort zone indicates a HVAC

burden, so by using passive systems to extend the target zone, we reduce the HVAC loading.

Solar Heating Solar heating is harnessing the energy of the sun to heat interior spaces, especially

during the winter months. ZERA has high insulation and is about 50% glazing on the South

Figure 12 Ecotect Analysis 2011 Psychrometric Chart for Chicopee Falls, MA, by dry bulb temperature (x-‐axis) absolute humidity (y-‐axis) showing the comfort zone (marked by the yellow rectangle) and climate data for Chicopee Falls (lighter the blue, more daily averages)

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facing façade. By inputting these variables into the Ecotect program we get Figure

13, which shows a large increase the temperature and humidity range that can be

considered “comfortable” by occupants.

To stop thermal gains during summer months when using passive solar heating,

the occupant’s use of curtains, louvers, or other solar blocking methods is promoted.

Figure 13 Psychrometric Chart for Chicopee Falls, MA with extended (red) comfort zone (yellow) through the use of passive solar heating with 50% glazing, high insulation, and average solar collector effeiecny.

19

Thermal Mass Materials, such as concrete, naturally absorb the energy of the sun and release it at a

later point. Thermal Mass design uses this material property to reduce the heating loads

during night hours. Thermal masses effectively reduce the amplitude of the natural heat

cycles of a structure, as shown in Figure 14

Figure 14 Effects on the internal temperature cycle of a thermal mass

Our thermal mass material is concrete because its high volumetric heat capacity

(1940 kj/m2) and its structural properties. This allows us to use concrete slabs as a dual

purpose material.The maximum effective depth for a concrete thermal mass is about 4

inches thick, but due to structural consideration the concrete slabs are 9 inches and 13

inches thick. The effects of a thermal mass alone can be seen in Figure 14

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HVAC Carlos Vega is a residential building with eight apartment units. The building has

average shell insulation and good window insulation. The design and orientation of the

building envelope is in favor of energy saving and the goal for the building is to be

designed as “net-zero”. Therefore, the HVAC system selection is designed to achieve

those goals.

There are a couple of factors to consider for HVAC system selection: building

electric capacity, building zoning, and domestic hot water resources. Building heating

and cooling loads will not affect system selection because the loads are always the same

regardless what system to use.

Figure 15 Psychrometric Chart of Chicopee Falls showing an extended (red) comfort zone (yellow) through the use of a thermal mass system

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The HVAC system for the Carlos Vega Module is going to be water source heat pump

(WSHP). This system has the advantage of allowing winter cooling, feasible damper zoning, and

flexible equipment location (could be horizontal or vertical). The essential positive aspect that

sets WSHP system apart from others is that it balances and recovers wasted energy in the

building. It cools and heats simply by redistributing the existing energy at places where it is

needed. Cities like Holyoke requires vast amount of heating. In this kind of setting, WSHP runs

under cold weather operating mode in which “heat is provided to each individual unit from the

water of the loop. If more heat is needed than is naturally in the loop water, an energy efficient

fluid heater attached to the loop is required” (http://www.climatemaster.com/commercial-

watersource).

Our product of choice, Trane Axiiom Water-Source Heat Pumps has high efficiency of

up to 40 EER. This high efficient model will help us reduce amount of energy used for heating

and cooling and therefore achieve are goal of net zero energy house.

Lighting After HVAC and DHWL, lightings take up considerable the amount of energy used.

Most old apartments around New England still use incandescent lamps and the rest uses

fluorescent lamps. Even though fluorescent lamps are significantly more efficient than

incandescent lamps, In order to achieve zero-‐energy goal, something even more efficient is

necessary. New technologies, such as LED and OLED, enables us to achieve such goal high

efficiency lighting systems provide the same amount of lumens while using 80 percent less

energy used compared to traditional incandescent.

Table 4 Comparison between various types of lamps.

22

Other Ways to Go Green

Grey Water Systems for Landscape Irrigation As the population density is quite high due to the characteristic of a multi-‐

family apartment unit, grey water recycling system for gardening purposes would

help saving water cost. Grey water—water used from bathroom sinks, showers and

washing machine—can be reused to water gardens, flush toilets and wash clothes.

However, grey water needs to be treated with chemicals to be used for toilets or to

wash clothes for hygienic reasons, in ZERA the grey water collected will be used for

gardens for simplicity of design. While pollutants in “grey water do damage to

aquatic life” when they enter streams or river, “when used to irrigate, soil breaks

down these […] and transforms them into nutrients for the plants.”Recycling grey

water will make our design more sustainable and environmentally friendly.

Flotender provides various grey water system suitable for residential units.

Figure 16 Mechanism of Grey Water System provided by Flotender.

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Rainwater Collection for Irrigation Another option to consider is rainwater harvesting. According to Holyoke’s weather

file, its annual average precipitation is 49.90 inches, which is way above national average of

38.67 inches. Utilizing the natural resource on site rather than paying for potable water for

gardening purpose that does not require high quality water would not only help reducing

water bill but also make the design more sustainable.

As the Carlos Vega lot runs through entire block, harvesting runoff would provide us

tremendous amount of water that we can use for the garden. As the entrance to the garage

will be at an angle, harvesting water that will naturally run down the slope would be

feasible. Another way to collect rainwater is from roof gutter. As ZERA has vast roof space,

amount of rainwater we could collect from the roof would be more than enough for

gardening purposes. Flotender, the company referred for grey water product, also provides

various types of water tanks that could be used for the design.

Figure 17 Average annual precipitation and total monthly precipitation data of Holyoke vs. U.S.

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Figure 18 Rainwater Filter Infiltration System mechanism provided by Flotender.

Structural Considerations From those documents these following Load Resistance Factor Design

(LRFD) loading combinations (LC) were used (State Board of Building Regulations

and Standards 2008a).

Load Combination 1 (LC1) (1.2) Dead Loading + (1.6) Snow Loading + (0.5)

Live Loading

Load Combination 2 (LC2) (1.2) Dead Loading + (1.0) Wind Loading + (0.5)

Live Loading + (0.5) Snow Loading

Load Combination 3 (LC3) (1.2) Dead Loading + (1.6) Live Loading + (0.5)

Snow Loading

Load Combination 4 (LC4) (1.2) Dead Loading + (1.0) Earthquake Loading

LC 1 governed the design of roof members.LC2 governs the horizontal wind

loading.LC3 governed the floors, and LC4 governed for the whole structure under

seismic loading.

Here are the loadings on the structure

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Table 5 Summary of the Loadings on the Structure

Dead loads

Roofing 2.0 psf

Solar Panels 4.0 psf

Hardwood 4.0 psf

Soil 60 pcf

Live Loads

Apartments (and the spaces leading to

Apartments)

40.0 psf

Garage (passenger vehicles only) 40.0 psf

Roof 20.0 psf

Elevator 300 lbs

Public assembly/Retail first floor 100 psf

Wind Loads 100 mph

23 psf

The building site is an exposure B for an urban environment, Importance Factor of

1.0, a Ss factor of 0.23, and a S1 factor of 0.066.The maximum horizontal deflection limit

used is L/360.

Apartment Floors The floors of the apartments are made of concrete slabs of 9 inch thickness.

Concrete was chosen as the structural material for the floors so they could act as a thermal

mass, lowing the overall heating costs of the structure. Since the maximum effective

thickness for a concrete slab acting as a thermal mass is 4 inches, since the designed slab is

more than that the apartment will receive the maximum thermal benefits of a thermal mass

system. The slab is larger than 4 inches due to the structural loading on the apartment

flooring. Because of the positions of the structural masonry walls, shown in Figure 19 the

slab is assumed to act as a one way slab. The Loading combination used was LC 1 and, using

typical concrete of 6000 psi compressive strength, a slab of 8.57 inches is required, this

26

was rounded to 9 inches for ease of construction. The deflection assumed in this

design is 0.20 inches, which is much less than the required 0.933 inches.

Figure 19 Dimensions of the third floor of the apartment module with the structural masonry wall positions shown in red

27

Roof The roof is held up by scissor trusses spaced every 11 ft shown in Figure 20 and was

designed using LC1. The truss is made of 12x12 beams of structural select Douglas Fir.

Under LC1 the scissor truss deforms under 0.05 inches, well below the deflection

limit of 0.667 inches. The American Wood Council states that the highest load per linear

foot that a 12x12 beam can resist in a 415 lbs per linear foot load, the highest loading is

410 lbs per linear foot.

Walls The structural walls are masonry made of 12 inch fully grouted Concrete Masonry

Units. The east and west walls, and the central wall of the module are bearing walls,

positions shown in Figure 19. The walls are resisting LC2 which create a moment and axial

load on the walls. The nominal tension stress per foot the CMUs can resist is 180 psi per

foot. The LC2 creates a stress of 134 psi.

Figure 20 Scissor Truss Finite Element Model created using Matlab with units in inches

28

Parking Garage The parking garage is underground and part extends past the footprint of the

rest of the structure. This means that the dead loading for part of the parking

structure includes the soil above the structure. A foot of soil above was assumed,

and since the parking structure is below the communal green space, the live loads of

a place of public assembly were used. Since the live loads for public assembly areas

and retail spaces are the same (100psf), this design consideration also allows for

conversion of the first floor apartments into retail spaces, to integrate the

commercial and residence interests of the area. Using the same method as

determining the apartment slab, the required garage ceiling slab thickness was

determined to be 12.8 inches. This was rounded to 13 inches for ease of

construction considerations.

29

Energy Evaluation

Solar Energy

Production of hot water in household is essential. As it takes up almost 20 percent of

residential energy consumption, if all the hot water can be produced from reusable energy, total

energy load will reduce by significant amount. The design uses mixture of solar panels and PV

panels to meet the energy requirement. Out of two types of solar collectors, flat-plate collector

and evacuated-tube solar collectors are more efficient in cold climates due to its lower heat loss.

However, this advantage poses problem in snowy weathers. While snow slides off flat plates

easily with little bit of heat, snow clogs up around evacuated tube collectors and reduces its

efficiency. Furthermore, following graph shows varying efficiency of different types of solar

collectors depending on temperature difference. Assuming the hot water delivered to houses are

65°F, the flat plate collector remains more efficient until the difference of about 60°F. Average

temperature of Holyoke is 45.5°F with lowest average in January of 11.3°F. As the temperature

difference remains under 55°F( 65°-10°= 55°F) on average, in Holyoke weather, it is more

beneficial to have flat plate collectors. Furthermore, average annual snowfall of Holyoke is 68.13

inches, which is very high compared U.S. average of 23.27 inches. Considering these aspects,

ZERA uses flat plate collectors. TitanPower Plus SU2 Solar Flat Plate Collector by Silicon Solar

Figure 21 Collector efficiency: second order curves. Adapted from a spreadsheet by Jan Erik Nielsen, Solar Keymark, European Solar Thermal Industry Federation, 2006.

Table 6 Specifications of TitanPower Plus

30

produces 0.176-0.617 gpm at tilt angle of 15-75 degrees. Considering that ideal tilt angle

for Holyoke is around 45° and our roof has 35° tilt, in calculation, I have assumed 0.5

gpm. Assuming that each person uses about 20 gallons of hot water and 4 people reside

per unit, total of 640 gallons of hot water is used per day per module.

20 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠

𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛 ∗ 𝑑𝑎𝑦× 4 𝑝𝑒𝑜𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡 × 8

𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 = 640 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑑𝑎𝑦

With 0.5 gpm of hot water production, assuming the panels receive sunlight for

10 hours per day, 5 panels of Titan Power will produce 1680 gallons of hot water per day

0.5𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 ×

60 𝑚𝑖𝑛1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ×10 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 × 5 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑠 = 1550 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠

Similar calculations can be made with 30 Evacuated Tube Collector, also a

product of Silicon Solar. This product produces 0.84 gallons/min. If snow load was

lighter, this product would be also a valuable option as its efficiencies stay over 70 %

even in freezing temperatures.

0.8𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑚𝑖𝑛 ×

60 𝑚𝑖𝑛1 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟 ×10 ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟𝑠 × 3 𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑠 = 1440 𝑔𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑛𝑠

Table 7 Data constructed from PV Watts, a performance calculator for Grid-‐Connected PV Systems. The efficiency of converter was assumed to be 80%.

31

While similar amount of hot water can be produced with fewer amounts of panels, 30

Evacuated Tube Collector is more than twice expensive than Titan Power with unit price of

$1425.60 and $681.90 respectively.

The PV panels of choice were Sunpower’s E-19-320. This leading product’s nominal

power is 320 W. This product was chosen for its high efficiency and performance compared to

other products. For every module, about 120 PV panels can fit in the roof with 5 solar flat plates.

These panels all together should be able to produce 53487 kW per year. As the unit price

of Sunpower E19 is estimated to be $850, it would cost approximately $102,000 per module. As

value of the energy saved is approximately $6,300, it would take about 16 years for this product

to pay for itself, which is while within the excepted occupancy life cycle of the apartments.

Wind Energy

To help offsetting amount of energy used with on-site generated energy, ZERA includes

small wind turbine that suits residential units. The most prominent disadvantage of solar energy

is that energy cannot be harvested during the night. Installing small wind turbine will

compensate this problem by providing energy needed at night. The turbine starts producing

energy roughly around 7 mph and as wind speed increases, output increases.

The selected product for our site is BWC EXCEL-S, made by Bergey Wind Power. This

10 kW unit has rotor diameter of 23 ft. and is typically on 80 or 100 foot towers. While the price

of this product cost about $48,000—$40,000 for equipment and the rest for installation—as a

Residential Renewable Energy Tax Credit worth 30% of the value of the system, it will cost

about $33,600. The Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008 (H.R. 1424) supports the

tax credit to small wind energy systems. Though the initial cost to install the wind turbines are

high, as Holyoke has an ideal wind speed for the wind energy farming, wind energy is a viable

option. Holyoke’s annual average wind speed is 18.59 mph, which is roughly 1.5 mph faster than

national average. According to the bar graph of annual energy output of BWC EXCEL-S

provided by Bergey Wind Power, annual energy output should be more than 32,388kWh, as

average wind speed of 16mph should provide that amount.

32

Figure 22 Annual Energy Output of BWC EXCEL-‐S wind turbine.

While installation of wind turbine seems costly ($48,000 per unit), when

compared to solar panel by Yearly Energy Production per price, it is cheaper to meet the

energy needs with wind turbine. For annual production of 53,487kWh, total cost for 120

PV panels cost $102,000, costing $1.91 per 1 kWh. Each wind turbine has annual energy

output of 32,388kWh with $48,000, costing $1.46 per 1 kWh. Following table provides

further comparison of two renewable energy options. Table 8 Comparison between wind energy and solar energy.

Wind Solar

Units needed to fulfill need of a

single module

2 129

Total Cost $96,000 $102,000

Total Energy Created 64,776kWh 53,487kWh

Cost per 1kWh of annual energy

output

$1.46 $1.91

Design Builder Evaluation The focus of energy efficiency simulation was on HVAC and lighting system as

Table 9 Energy consumption per floor. Total energy consumed by a module should be multiplied by a factor of four as there are four floors per module.

33

those two are major sector of residential energy consumption. The simulation was done on only

the third floor of the module as an example. Heating and cooling load was minimized by

reducing the heat exchange between upper and lower floor to zero, since the temperature

between houses should be the same, and minimizing the heat exchange between outside and

inside with R-values of super-insulated walls of the design. Even though the module’s HVAC

system is water source heat pump, simple fan coil unit was used to model as water source heat

pump was not an available option. Lighting factor was reduced by factor of two, as use of energy

efficient light source will enable the design to support same amount of lumen per area with less

amount of energy. As solar panels should be able to support DWH load, input for energy use to

heat water was set to zero. A module has an energy per total building area value of 74.15

kWh/m2 shows that each module is very energy efficient. Total energy used per floor is

estimated to be 13258kWh; meaning total energy used per module is roughly 53032 kWh (Table

9). However, since the real design has more efficient HVAC system, the projected energy use for

the design would actually be lower. As energy produced by PV panels are around 53487kWh

(Table 8), the module is expected to have net surplus of energy.

The energy performance of the design can be monitored and analyzed with following set

Figure 23 Temperature and Heat Gains graphs provided by DesignBuilder.

34

of graph. These graphs provide ideal performances of the system. First graph plots

varying temperature throughout a year compared to drastically varying outside dry-bulb

temperature, interior temperature stays constant around 18 °C. Whether actual HVAC

settings match the proposal can be determined by taking the temperature throughout the

year and compare it to the given graph.

Cost Evaluation

General construction cost was calculated through Revit’s schedule. Our calculations

show that each module should cost about $628,484 ($63.5 per sqft), including the underground

parking structure. This is rough cost estimate and it is most likely to cost more to build this

structure as parts like interior finish and excavation cost was not considered. However,

considering that our module houses 8 households and that building energy efficient house require

more expensive materials, the total cost is agreeable. Furthermore, Total cost of PV panels is

$102,000, which is almost 20 percent of the total construction. This cost will pay off within next

16 years by providing renewable energy on site. As 18 percent of the total cost will pay off, the

cost of construction is even more affordable.

Figure 24 Pie Chart of the estimated construction costs, with PV panels included under "Other"

35

Works Referenced American Wood Council. (2012). Wood beams safe load tables. In Retrieved from http://www.awc.org/pdf/WSDD/C2D.pdf Bergey. (2013). Bergey excel 10. Retrieved from http://bergey.com/documents/2013/10/excel-‐10-‐spec-‐sheet_2013.pdf Breyer, D., Fridley, K., Cobeen, K., & Pollock, D. (2007).Design of wood structures asd/lrfd. (6th ed.) New York: McGraw-‐Hill. “Building Shell.” Reliant. 2004 Platts, a division of The McGraw-‐Hill Companies, Inc. 24 Jan. 2013. http://www.reliant.com/en_US/Platts/PDF/P_PA_45.pdf “Chapter 5: Insulation: Materials and Techniques.” University of Kentucky. 2013 An Equal Opportunity University. 4 Mar 2010. 24 Jan 2013. http://www.bae.uky.edu/energy/residential/guide/english/Chapter%205%20Insulation%20Materials%20and%20Techniques.pdf Elovitz, PE, Kenneth. "APARTMENT BUILDING HVAC SYSTEM OPTIONS." (2013): 1-‐9. Klinger, R. (2010). Masonry structural design. New York: McGraw-‐Hill InspectAPedia. 2012 Copyright InspectAPedia.com. 24 Jan 2013. http://inspectapedia.com/Admin/Content_Use_Policy.htm Jetson Green. (2012, 11 02). Windows with energy efficiency in mind. Retrieved from http://www.jetsongreen.com/2012/11/window-‐efficiency-‐panes-‐glazing-‐gas-‐options.html La Roche, P. (2012). Carbon-‐neutral architectural design. (1st ed.). Boca Raton: CRC Press. Mehta, Medan. Building Construction: Principles, Materials, and Systems. Prentice Hall, 2012. Hardcover. Nilson, A., Darwin, D., & Dolan, C. (2010). Design of concrete structures. (14th ed.). New York: McGraw-‐Hill. Silicon Solar. (2013). Silicon solar products. Retrieved from http://www.siliconsolar.com/shop/solar-‐store/solar-‐hot-‐water-‐heaters/ State Board of Building Regulations and Standards. Massachusetts Department of Public Safety, (2008). 780 cmr 53.00 building planning for single-‐ and two-‐family dwellings. Retrieved from website: http://www.mass.gov/eopss/docs/dps/780-‐cmr/780053a.pdf

36

“Types of Insulation.” Energy.gov. 30 May 2012. 24 Jan 2013. http://energy.gov/energy saver/articles/types-‐insulation USA.com. (2014). Holyoke, ma weather. In Retrieved from http://www.usa.com/holyoke-‐ma-‐weather.htm

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Program Version:EnergyPlusDLL-OMP-32 7.2.0.006, 1/31/2014 6:15 PM

Tabular Output Report in Format: HTML

Building: Building

Environment: CARLOS VEGA ** Worchester Rgnl AP MA USA TMY3 WMO#=725095

Simulation Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Report: Annual Building Utility Performance Summary

For: Entire Facility

Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Values gathered over 8760.00 hours

Site and Source Energy

Total Energy [kWh] Energy Per Total Building Area [kWh/m2] Energy Per Conditioned Building Area [kWh/m2]

Total Site Energy 13258.76 74.15 74.15

Net Site Energy 13258.76 74.15 74.15

Total Source Energy 45708.66 255.61 255.61

Net Source Energy 45708.66 255.61 255.61

Site to Source Energy Conversion Factors

Site=>Source Conversion Factor

Electricity 3.167

Natural Gas 1.084

District Cooling 1.056

District Heating 3.613

Steam 0.300

Gasoline 1.050

Diesel 1.050

Coal 1.050

Fuel Oil #1 1.050

Fuel Oil #2 1.050

Propane 1.050

Building Area

Area [m2]

Total Building Area 178.82

Net Conditioned Building Area 178.82

Unconditioned Building Area 0.00

End Uses

Electricity [kWh] Natural Gas [kWh] Other Fuel [kWh] District Cooling [kWh] District Heating [kWh] Water [m3]

Heating 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10657.26 0.00

Cooling 0.00 0.00 0.00 491.88 0.00 0.00

Interior Lighting 1024.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Exterior Lighting 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Interior Equipment 1084.67 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Exterior Equipment 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fans 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pumps 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Page 1 of 16Building CARLOS VEGA ** Worchester Rgnl AP MA USA TMY3 WMO#=725095 20...

2/3/2014file:///F:/Design%20Builder/Final%20Report.htm

Heat Rejection 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Humidification 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Heat Recovery 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Water Systems 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Refrigeration 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Generators 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total End Uses 2109.62 0.00 0.00 491.88 10657.26 0.00Note: District heat appears to be the principal heating source based on energy usage.

End Uses By Subcategory

Subcategory Electricity [kWh]

Natural Gas [kWh]

Other Fuel [kWh]

District Cooling [kWh]

District Heating [kWh]

Water [m3]

Heating General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 10657.26 0.00

Cooling General 0.00 0.00 0.00 491.88 0.00 0.00

Interior Lighting ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Bed22Room#TaskLights 37.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Laundry2Room#TaskLights 0.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Living2Room#GeneralLights 268.47 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Living1Room#GeneralLights 386.02 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Bed11Room#TaskLights 38.89 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:HallRoom#GeneralLights 101.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Toilet1Room#TaskLights 63.58 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00


ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Toilet2Room#TaskLights 64.16 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Laundry1Room#TaskLights 1.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Exterior Lighting General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Interior Equipment ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Laundry2Room#05 142.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Living2Room#05 307.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Living1Room#05 353.54 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

ELECTRIC EQUIPMENT#Block1:Laundry1Room#05 281.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Exterior Equipment General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Fans Ventilation (simple) 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Pumps General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Heat Rejection General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Humidification General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Heat Recovery General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Water Systems General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Refrigeration General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Generators General 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Normalized Metrics

Utility Use Per Conditioned Floor Area

Electricity Intensity [kWh/m2]

Natural Gas Intensity [kWh/m2]

Other Fuel Intensity [kWh/m2]

District Cooling Intensity [kWh/m2]

District Heating Intensity [kWh/m2]

Water Intensity [m3/m2]



Lighting 5.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HVAC 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.75 59.60 0.00

Other 6.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 11.80 0.00 0.00 2.75 59.60 0.00

Utility Use Per Total Floor Area

Electricity Intensity [kWh/m2]

Natural Gas Intensity [kWh/m2]

Other Fuel Intensity [kWh/m2]

District Cooling Intensity [kWh/m2]

District Heating Intensity [kWh/m2]

Water Intensity [m3/m2]

Lighting 5.73 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

HVAC 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.75 59.60 0.00

Other 6.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total 11.80 0.00 0.00 2.75 59.60 0.00

Electric Loads Satisfied

Electricity [kWh] Percent Electricity [%]

Fuel-Fired Power Generation 0.00 0.00

High Temperature Geothermal* 0.00 0.00

Photovoltaic Power 0.00 0.00

Wind Power 0.00 0.00

Net Decrease in On-Site Storage 0.00 0.00

Total On-Site Electric Sources 0.00 0.00

Electricity Coming From Utility 2109.62 100.00

Surplus Electricity Going To Utility 0.00 0.00

Net Electricity From Utility 2109.62 100.00

Total On-Site and Utility Electric Sources 2109.62 100.00

Total Electricity End Uses 2109.62 100.00

On-Site Thermal Sources

Heat [kWh] Percent Heat [%]

Water-Side Heat Recovery 0.00

Air to Air Heat Recovery for Cooling 0.00

Air to Air Heat Recovery for Heating 0.00

High-Temperature Geothermal* 0.00

Solar Water Thermal 0.00

Solar Air Thermal 0.00

Total On-Site Thermal Sources 0.00

Water Source Summary

Water [m3] Percent Water [%]

Rainwater Collection 0.00 -

Condensate Collection 0.00 -

Groundwater Well 0.00 -

Total On Site Water Sources 0.00 -

- - -

Initial Storage 0.00 -

Final Storage 0.00 -

Change in Storage 0.00 -

- - -

Water Supplied by Utility 0.00 -



Table of Contents

- - -

Total On Site, Change in Storage, and Utility Water Sources 0.00 -

Total Water End Uses 0.00 -

Comfort and Setpoint Not Met Summary

Degrees [deltaC]

Tolerance for Time Heating Setpoint Not Met 0.20

Tolerance for Time Cooling Setpoint Not Met 0.20

Facility [Hours]

Time Setpoint Not Met During Occupied Heating 0.00

Time Setpoint Not Met During Occupied Cooling 0.00

Time Not Comfortable Based on Simple ASHRAE 55-2004 7941.50

Note 1: An asterisk (*) indicates that the feature is not yet implemented.

Table of Contents

TopAnnual Building Utility Performance SummaryInput Verification and Results SummaryComponent Sizing SummaryClimatic Data SummaryEnvelope SummaryLighting SummaryEquipment SummaryHVAC Sizing SummarySystem SummaryOutdoor Air SummaryObject Count SummarySensible Heat Gain Summary

Report: Input Verification and Results Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

General

Value

Program Version and Build EnergyPlusDLL-OMP-32 7.2.0.006, 1/31/2014 6:15 PM

RunPeriod CARLOS VEGA

Weather File Worchester Rgnl AP MA USA TMY3 WMO#=725095

Latitude [deg] 42.27

Longitude [deg] -71.9

Elevation [m] 300.00

Time Zone -5.0

North Axis Angle [deg] 0.00

Rotation for Appendix G [deg] 0.00

Hours Simulated [hrs] 8760.00

ENVELOPE

Window-Wall Ratio

Total North (315 to 45 deg) East (45 to 135 deg) South (135 to 225 deg) West (225 to 315 deg)

Gross Wall Area [m2] 146.34 41.52 31.81 41.36 31.65

Window Opening Area [m2] 33.35 10.31 0.00 23.04 0.00

Window-Wall Ratio [%] 22.79 24.84 0.00 55.70 0.00



Table of Contents

Table of Contents

Conditioned Window-Wall Ratio

Total North (315 to 45 deg) East (45 to 135 deg) South (135 to 225 deg) West (225 to 315 deg)

Gross Wall Area [m2] 146.34 41.52 31.81 41.36 31.65

Window Opening Area [m2] 33.35 10.31 0.00 23.04 0.00

Window-Wall Ratio [%] 22.79 24.84 0.00 55.70 0.00

Skylight-Roof Ratio

Total

Gross Roof Area [m2] 178.78

Skylight Area [m2] 0.00

Skylight-Roof Ratio [%] 0.00

PERFORMANCE

Zone Summary

Area [m2]

Conditioned (Y/N)

Part of Total Floor Area

(Y/N)

Volume [m3] Multipliers Gross Wall

Area [m2]

Window Glass Area

[m2]

Lighting [W/m2]

People [m2 per person]

Plug and Process [W/m2]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 13.49 Yes Yes 32.89 1.00 19.56 0.95 2.0000 43.59 0.0000

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 2.19 Yes Yes 5.35 1.00 4.47 0.00 1.5000 11.69 20.0000

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 43.78 Yes Yes 106.76 1.00 35.55 10.67 2.4000 53.32 2.0000

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 50.36 Yes Yes 122.80 1.00 34.26 10.91 3.0000 53.32 2.0000


BLOCK1:HALLROOM 13.12 Yes Yes 31.98 1.00 2.91 0.00 2.0000 50.90 0.0000


BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 7.26 Yes Yes 17.70 1.00 5.08 0.54 3.0000 53.37 0.0000


BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 7.32 Yes Yes 17.86 1.00 5.11 0.54 3.0000 53.37 0.0000

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 4.32 Yes Yes 10.53 1.00 4.59 0.00 1.5000 11.69 20.0000

Total 178.82 436.04 146.34 27.41 2.4429 44.58 1.7814

Conditioned Total 178.82 436.04 146.34 27.41 2.4429 44.58 1.7814

Unconditioned Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Not Part of Total 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Report: Climatic Data Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

SizingPeriod:DesignDay

Maximum Dry Bulb [C]

Daily Temperature Range [deltaC]

Humidity Value

Humidity Type

Wind Speed [m/s]

Wind Direction

SUMMER DESIGN DAY IN CARLOS VEGA 29.50 9.00 21.90 Wetbulb [C] 0.00 0.00

WINTER DESIGN DAY IN CARLOS VEGA -17.00 0.00 -17.00 Wetbulb [C] 13.50 0.00

Weather Statistics File

Value

None

Report: Envelope Summary




Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Opaque Exterior

Construction ReflectanceU-Factor

with Film [W/m2-K]

U-Factor no Film

[W/m2-K]

Gross Area [m2]

Azimuth [deg]

Tilt [deg]

Cardinal Direction

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_WALL_2_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 11.77 90.00 90.00 E

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_WALL_3_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 7.04 0.00 90.00 N

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_WALL_5_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.25 180.00 90.00 S

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_WALL_6_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.25 270.00 90.00 W


BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 3.39 0.00 180.00


BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 1.20 180.00 0.00


BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM_WALL_2_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 4.47 90.00 90.00 E

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 2.19 0.00 180.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 2.19 180.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_WALL_2_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 11.33 90.00 90.00 E

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_WALL_3_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.25 0.00 90.00 N





BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_WALL_10_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 180.00 90.00 S

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_WALL_11_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 270.00 90.00 W










BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 0.25 0.00 180.00












BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 0.56 180.00 0.00















































BLOCK1:BED11ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 0.15 0.149 0.153 14.02 180.00 0.00



BEST PRACTICE FLAT ROOF (NO CEILING)

HEAVYWEIGHT

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_WALL_2_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 90.00 90.00 E

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_WALL_6_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 180.00 90.00 S

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_WALL_7_1_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 270.00 90.00 W

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_WALL_9_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 90.00 90.00 E

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_WALL_13_2_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.25 0.00 90.00 N

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_WALL_13_2_1 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 0.53 0.00 90.00 N

BLOCK1:HALLROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 3.04 0.00 180.00




BLOCK1:HALLROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 0.23 180.00 0.00









BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM_WALL_3_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 5.08 0.00 90.00 N

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 7.26 0.00 180.00

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 7.26 180.00 0.00









BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM_WALL_3_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 5.11 0.00 90.00 N

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 7.32 0.00 180.00

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 7.32 180.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM_WALL_4_0_0 OUTER WALL 0.22 0.126 0.129 4.59 270.00 90.00 W

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM_EXTFLOOR_0_0_0 PROJECT EXTERNAL FLOOR 0.30 0.084 0.085 4.32 0.00 180.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM_ROOF_1_0_0 PROJECT FLAT ROOF 0.15 0.070 0.071 4.32 180.00 0.00

Exterior Fenestration

ConstructionGlass Area [m2]

Frame Area [m2]

Divider Area [m2]

Area of One

Opening [m2]

Area of Multiplied Openings

[m2]

Glass U-

Factor [W/m2

-K]

Glass SHGC

Glass Visible Transmittance

Frame Conductance

[W/m2-K]Con

[W

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM_WALL_3_0_0_0_0_0_WIN 1001 0.95 0.16 0.00 1.11 2.23 1.338 0.282 0.408 9.500

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM_WALL_19_0_0_0_0_0_WIN 1001 8.67 0.49 0.00 9.16 9.16 1.338 0.282 0.408 9.500



Table of Contents






BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM_WALL_3_0_0_0_0_0_WIN 1001 0.54 0.15 0.00 0.70 0.70 1.338 0.282 0.408 9.500



BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM_WALL_3_0_0_0_0_0_WIN 1001 0.54 0.15 0.00 0.70 0.70 1.338 0.282 0.408 9.500

Total or Average 33.35 1.352 0.292 0.419

North Total or Average 10.31 1.384 0.313 0.444

Non-North Total or Average 23.04 1.338 0.282 0.408

Interior Fenestration

Construction Area of One Opening [m2]

Area of Openings [m2]

Glass U-Factor [W/m2-K]

Glass SHGC

Glass Visible Transmittance

Parent Surface

Total or Average 0.00 - - -

Exterior Door

Construction U-Factor with Film [W/m2-K] U-Factor no Film [W/m2-K] Gross Area [m2] Parent Surface

None

Report: Lighting Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Interior Lighting

Zone

Lighting Power

Density [W/m2]

Zone Area [m2]

Total Power

[W]End Use Subcategory Schedule

Name

Scheduled Hours/Week

[hr]

H

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM TASK LIGHTING BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 2.0000 13.49 26.98 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Bed22Room#TaskLights 3330 26.60

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM TASK LIGHTING BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 1.5000 2.19 3.29 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Laundry2Room#TaskLights 10000 2.99

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM GENERAL LIGHTING BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 2.4000 43.78 105.08 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Living2Room#GeneralLights 3350 49.00

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM GENERAL LIGHTING BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 3.0000 50.36 151.09 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Living1Room#GeneralLights 3350 49.00



BLOCK1:HALLROOM GENERAL LIGHTING BLOCK1:HALLROOM 2.0000 13.12 26.23 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:HallRoom#GeneralLights 3360 73.99



BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM TASK LIGHTING BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 3.0000 7.26 21.77 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Toilet1Room#TaskLights 3325 56.00



BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM TASK LIGHTING BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 3.0000 7.32 21.97 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Toilet2Room#TaskLights 3325 56.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM TASK LIGHTING BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 1.5000 4.32 6.48 ELECTRIC

EQUIPMENT#Block1:Laundry1Room#TaskLights 10000 2.99

Interior Lighting Total 2.4429 178.82 436.84



Table of Contents

Daylighting

Zone Daylighting Type Control Type Fraction Controlled Lighting Installed in Zone [W] Lighting Controlled [W]

None

Exterior Lighting

Total Watts

Astronomical Clock/Schedule

Schedule Name

Scheduled Hours/Week [hr]

Hours/Week > 1% [hr]

Full Load Hours/Week [hr]

Consumption [GJ]

Exterior Lighting Total 0.00 0.00

Report: Equipment Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Central Plant

Type Nominal Capacity [W] Nominal Efficiency [W/W] IPLV in SI Units [W/W] IPLV in IP Units [Btu/W-h]

None

Cooling Coils

Type Nominal Total Capacity [W]

Nominal Sensible Capacity [W]

Nominal Latent Capacity [W]

Nominal Sensible Heat Ratio

Nominal Efficiency [W/W]

Nominal Coil UA Value [W/C]

Nominal Coil Surface Area [m2]

None

DX Cooling Coils

DX Cooling Coil Type Standard Rated Net Cooling Capacity [W] Standard Rated Net COP [W/W] EER [Btu/W-h] SEER [Btu/W-h] IEER [Btu/W-h]

None

DX Heating Coils

DX Heating Coil Type

High Temperature Heating (net) Rating Capacity [W]

Low Temperature Heating (net) Rating Capacity [W]

HSPF [Btu/W-h]

Region Number

None

Heating Coils

Type Nominal Total Capacity [W] Nominal Efficiency [W/W]

None

Fans

Type Total Efficiency [W/W]

Delta Pressure [pa]

Max Air Flow Rate [m3/s]

Rated Electric Power [W]

Rated Power Per Max Air Flow Rate [W-s/m3]

Motor Heat In Air Fraction

End Use

None

Pumps

Type Control Head [pa] Water Flow [m3/s] Electric Power [W] Power Per Water Flow Rate [W-s/m3] Motor Efficiency [W/W]

None

Service Water Heating

Type Storage Volume [m3] Input [W] Thermal Efficiency [W/W] Recovery Efficiency [W/W] Energy Factor

None

Page 10 of 16Building CARLOS VEGA ** Worchester Rgnl AP MA USA TMY3 WMO#=725095 ...


Table of ContentsReport: HVAC Sizing Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Zone Cooling

Calculated Design Load

[W]

User Design

Load [W]

Calculated Design Air

Flow [m3/s]

User Design Air Flow

[m3/s]Design Day Name Date/Time

Of PeakTemperature at

Peak [C]Humidity Ratio at

Peak [kgWater/kgAir]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 294.21 338.34 0.019 0.037SUMMER

DESIGN DAY IN CARLOS VEGA

7/15 20:30:00 24.59 0.01400

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.006SUMMER


29.50 0.01400

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 1859.89 2138.87 0.113 0.130SUMMER


7/15 14:00:00 29.50 0.01400

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 1976.26 2272.70 0.120 0.138SUMMER


7/15 14:00:00 29.50 0.01400



7/15 20:30:00 24.59 0.01400

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.018SUMMER


29.50 0.01400



7/15 20:30:00 24.59 0.01400

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 191.38 220.09 0.012 0.015SUMMER


7/15 17:30:00 27.79 0.01400



7/15 20:30:00 24.59 0.01400

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 182.70 210.10 0.012 0.030SUMMER


7/15 17:30:00 27.79 0.01400

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 0.00 0.00 0.000 0.012SUMMER


29.50 0.01400

Zone Heating

Calculated Design Load

[W]

User Design

Load [W]

Calculated Design Air

Flow [m3/s]

User Design Air Flow

[m3/s]Design Day Name Date/Time

Of PeakTemperature at

Peak [C]Humidity Ratio at

Peak [kgWater/kgAir]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 739.15 923.94 0.037 0.047WINTER


1/15 21:00:00 -17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 85.05 106.32 0.004 0.006WINTER


1/15 06:00:00 -17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 2543.84 3179.81 0.128 0.161WINTER


1/15 15:00:00 -17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 2683.06 3353.83 0.135 0.169WINTER


1/15 15:00:00 -17.00 0.00087



1/15 21:00:00 -17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 369.86 462.33 0.015 0.019WINTER


1/15 16:00:00 -17.00 0.00087



Table of Contents

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM 656.03 820.04 0.033 0.041 WINTER DESIGN DAY IN CARLOS VEGA

1/15 21:00:00

-17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 340.29 425.36 0.015 0.019WINTER


1/15 18:00:00 -17.00 0.00087



1/15 21:00:00 -17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 260.89 326.11 0.012 0.030WINTER


1/15 18:30:00 -17.00 0.00087

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 146.14 182.68 0.006 0.012WINTER


1/15 06:00:00 -17.00 0.00087

System Design Air Flow Rates

Calculated cooling [m3/s] User cooling [m3/s] Calculated heating [m3/s] User heating [m3/s]

None

Report: System Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Economizer

High Limit Shutoff Control

Minimum Outdoor Air [m3/s]

Maximum Outdoor Air [m3/s]

Return Air Temp Limit

Return Air Enthalpy Limit

Outdoor Air Temperature Limit [C]

Outdoor Air Enthalpy Limit [C]

None

Demand Controlled Ventilation using Controller:MechanicalVentilation

Controller:MechanicalVentilation Name

Outdoor Air Per Person [m3/s-

person]

Outdoor Air Per Area [m3/s-m2]

Air Distribution Effectiveness in Cooling

Mode

Air Distribution Effectiveness in Heating

Mode

Air Distribution Effectiveness Schedule

None

Time Not Comfortable Based on Simple ASHRAE 55-2004

Winter Clothes [hr] Summer Clothes [hr] Summer or Winter Clothes [hr]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 3409.00 3986.00 3387.50

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 4013.00 4375.50 4010.50

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 1963.50 2042.50 1513.50

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 1972.00 1999.50 1488.00

BLOCK1:BED11ROOM 3344.50 3984.00 3321.00

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 3125.00 3742.50 3053.50

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM 3420.00 3989.50 3400.00

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 2095.50 2496.50 2066.50

BLOCK1:BED12ROOM 3401.00 3991.50 3385.00

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 2162.00 2521.50 2140.50

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 3960.50 4375.00 3957.00

Facility 8087.00 8740.00 7941.50Aggregated over the RunPeriods for Weather

Time Setpoint Not Met

During Heating [hr] During Cooling [hr] During Occupied Heating [hr] During Occupied Cooling [hr]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 7.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Table of Contents

Table of Contents

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 0.00 3.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:BED11ROOM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 62.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:BED12ROOM 0.00 1.50 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 6.50 0.00 0.00 0.00

Facility 65.00 6.00 0.00 0.00Aggregated over the RunPeriods for Weather

Report: Outdoor Air Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Average Outdoor Air During Occupied Hours

Average Number of Occupants

Nominal Number of Occupants

Zone Volume [m3]

Mechanical Ventilation [ach]

Infiltration [ach]

Simple Ventilation [ach]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 0.25 0.31 32.89 3.200 0.315 0.014

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 0.14 0.19 5.35 0.250 0.311 0.000

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 0.67 0.82 106.76 0.144 0.314 0.003


BLOCK1:BED11ROOM 0.26 0.32 34.18 3.200 0.315 0.015

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 0.20 0.26 31.98 0.237 0.311 0.000

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM 0.22 0.28 30.00 3.200 0.315 0.014

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 0.07 0.14 17.70 2.059 0.313 0.000

BLOCK1:BED12ROOM 0.19 0.24 25.98 3.215 0.315 0.015


BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 0.28 0.37 10.53 0.250 0.312 0.000Values shown for a single zone without multipliers

Minimum Outdoor Air During Occupied Hours

Average Number of Occupants

Nominal Number of Occupants

Zone Volume [m3]

Mechanical Ventilation [ach]

Infiltration [ach]

Simple Ventilation [ach]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 0.25 0.31 32.89 0.973 0.007 0.000

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 0.14 0.19 5.35 0.000 0.008 0.000



BLOCK1:BED11ROOM 0.26 0.32 34.18 0.973 0.007 0.000

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 0.20 0.26 31.98 0.000 0.012 0.000

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM 0.22 0.28 30.00 0.973 0.007 0.000


BLOCK1:BED12ROOM 0.19 0.24 25.98 0.973 0.007 0.000


BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 0.28 0.37 10.53 0.000 0.008 0.000Values shown for a single zone without multipliers

Report: Object Count Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Surfaces by Class

Total Outdoors



Table of Contents

Wall 142 62

Floor 31 31

Roof 30 30

Internal Mass 0 0

Building Detached Shading 0 0

Fixed Detached Shading 0 0

Window 11 11

Door 26 0

Glass Door 0 0

Shading 0 0

Overhang 0 0

Fin 0 0

Tubular Daylighting Device Dome 0 0

Tubular Daylighting Device Diffuser 0 0

HVAC

Count

HVAC Air Loops 0

Conditioned Zones 11

Unconditioned Zones 0

Supply Plenums 0

Return Plenums 0

Input Fields

Count

IDF Objects 1086

Defaulted Fields 134

Fields with Defaults 2991

Autosized Fields 31

Autosizable Fields 44

Autocalculated Fields 22

Autocalculatable Fields 524

Report: Sensible Heat Gain Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

Annual Building Sensible Heat Gain Components

HVAC Input

Sensible Air

Heating [GJ]

HVAC Input

Sensible Air

Cooling [GJ]

HVAC Input

Heated Surface Heating

[GJ]

HVAC Input

Cooled Surface Cooling

[GJ]

People Sensible

Heat Addition

[GJ]

Lights Sensible

Heat Addition

[GJ]

Equipment Sensible

Heat Addition

[GJ]

Window Heat

Addition [GJ]

Interzone Air

Transfer Heat

Addition [GJ]

Infiltration Heat

Addition [GJ]

Opaque Surface

Conduction and Other

Heat Addition

[GJ]

Equipment Sensible

Heat Removal

[GJ]

WindowHea

Remova[GJ

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM 2.557 -0.502 0.000 0.000 0.283 0.135 0.000 0.485 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.000 -0.67

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM 0.103 -0.525 0.000 0.000 0.208 0.002 0.514 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.00

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 3.899 -4.446 0.000 0.000 0.474 0.966 1.106 9.258 0.000 0.026 0.000 0.000 -3.06

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM 4.050 -4.893 0.000 0.000 0.543 1.390 1.273 9.471 0.000 0.030 0.000 0.000 -3.13

BLOCK1:BED11ROOM 2.839 -0.559 0.000 0.000 0.294 0.140 0.000 0.485 0.000 0.015 0.000 0.000 -0.67

BLOCK1:HALLROOM 0.578 -1.903 0.000 0.000 0.278 0.364 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.016 1.711 0.000 0.00

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM 2.363 -0.454 0.000 0.000 0.259 0.123 0.000 0.485 0.000 0.014 0.000 0.000 -0.67

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM 0.540 -0.228 0.000 0.000 0.060 0.229 0.000 0.136 0.000 0.008 0.090 0.000 -0.21



BLOCK1:BED12ROOM 2.135 -0.410 0.000 0.000 0.224 0.106 0.000 0.735 0.000 0.009 0.000 0.000 -0.76

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM 0.571 -0.300 0.000 0.000 0.061 0.231 0.000 0.138 0.000 0.009 0.127 0.000 -0.21

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM 0.162 -0.909 0.000 0.000 0.399 0.004 1.012 0.000 0.000 0.001 0.000 0.000 0.00

Total Facility 19.800 -15.128 0.000 0.000 3.084 3.690 3.905 21.192 0.000 0.144 1.929 0.000 -9.40

Peak Cooling Sensible Heat Gain Components

Time of

Peak

HVAC Input

Sensible Air

Heating [W]

HVAC Input

Sensible Air

Cooling [W]

HVAC Input


[W]

HVAC Input


[W]

People Sensible

Heat Addition

[W]

Lights Sensible

Heat Addition

[W]

Equipment Sensible

Heat Addition

[W]

Window Heat

Addition [W]

Interzone Air

Transfer Heat

Addition [W]

Infiltration Heat

Addition [W]

Opaque Surface


Heat Addition

[W]

Equipment Sensible

Heat Removal

[W]

W

R

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM23-

JUL-19:04

0.00 -585.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.15 583.85 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM18-

JAN-23:03

0.00 -159.59 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 176.48 0.00

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM22-

JAN-23:03

0.00 -4019.34 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 5092.25 0.00


JAN-23:03

0.00 -4622.68 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 5778.48 0.00

BLOCK1:BED11ROOM23-

JUL-19:04

0.00 -590.06 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.68 587.71 0.00

BLOCK1:HALLROOM23-

JAN-00:01

0.00 -793.60 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 931.10 0.00

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM

28-APR

-23:30

0.00 -503.88 0.00 0.00 22.86 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 558.14 0.00

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM25-

JUL-16:11

0.00 -287.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.74 0.00 8.50 261.01 0.00

BLOCK1:BED12ROOM24-

JUL-19:04

0.00 -559.23 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 2.40 556.01 0.00

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM25-

JUL-16:04

0.00 -406.20 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 17.88 0.00 8.36 379.97 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM17-

JAN-23:03

0.00 -286.91 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 315.89 0.00

Total Facility22-

JAN-23:03

0.00 -6842.13 0.00 0.00 77.86 26.23 16.51 0.00 0.00 0.00 10499.65 0.00 -

Peak Heating Sensible Heat Gain Components

Time of

Peak

HVAC Input

Sensible Air

Heating [W]

HVAC Input

Sensible Air

Cooling [W]

HVAC Input


[W]

HVAC Input


[W]

People Sensible

Heat Addition

[W]

Lights Sensible

Heat Addition

[W]

Equipment Sensible

Heat Addition

[W]

Window Heat

Addition [W]

Interzone Air

Transfer Heat

Addition [W]

Infiltration Heat

Addition [W]

Opaque Surface


Heat Addition

[W]

Equipment Sensible

Heat Removal

[W]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM18-

JAN-20:03

1910.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.40 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM

08-DEC

-05:03

267.77 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.76 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM 6100.95 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.25 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00



Table of Contents

11-JAN-14:03


JAN-14:03

6896.50 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 6.04 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:BED11ROOM23-

JAN-20:03

2004.42 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5.61 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:HALLROOM11-

JAN-15:03

1005.35 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:BED21ROOM23-

JAN-20:03

1728.65 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.92 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM

18-DEC

-05:02

899.18 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:BED12ROOM18-

JAN-20:03

1541.07 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 4.26 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM

12-DEC

-05:02

860.22 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM

19-NOV

-05:03

531.98 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 3.45 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Facility11-

JAN-14:03

13633.29 0.00 0.00 0.00 62.31 0.00 141.55 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Report: Component Sizing Summary


Timestamp: 2014-01-31 18:15:54

ZoneHVAC:IdealLoadsAirSystem

Maximum Cooling Air Flow Rate [m3/s]

Maximum Sensible Heating Capacity [W]

Maximum Total Cooling Capacity [W]

BLOCK1:BED22ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.036546 2476.74 1227.00

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY2ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.005944 371.37 0.000000

BLOCK1:LIVING2ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.130398 8217.04 4899.15

BLOCK1:LIVING1ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.137514 9151.08 5403.08


BLOCK1:HALLROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.017767 1138.59 0.000000


BLOCK1:TOILET1ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 1010.32 551.63

BLOCK1:BED12ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 1998.94 969.07

BLOCK1:TOILET2ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.029767 1859.63 1113.33

BLOCK1:LAUNDRY1ROOM IDEAL LOADS AIR 0.011701 730.99 0.000000



WPI ZERA Cost Evaluation

NESEA 2014

Gregory Freeman, Civil EngineeringYunjae Sohn, Architectural Engineering

Door ScheduleFamily Type Cost

Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 80" $60.00Bifold-2 Panel 30" x 80" $55.00Bifold-2 Panel 30" x 80" $55.00Bifold-2 Panel 30" x 80" $55.00Bifold-2 Panel 30" x 80" $55.00Bifold-2 Panel 30" x 80" $55.00Bifold-2 Panel 30" x 80" $55.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00

Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Flush 30" x 84" $60.00Single-Decorative 2 30" x 84" $300.00Single-Decorative 2 36" x 84" $300.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Bifold-4 Panel 48" x 84" $100.00Grand total: 64 $4,730.00

Window ScheduleFamily Type Cost

Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Double Hung 36" x 48" $300.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Fixed 72" x 48" $600.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00

Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Transom with Trim 60" x 18" $200.00Grand total $15,400.00

Wall Material TakeoffMaterial: Name Material: AMaterial: Ctotal cost Type

Concrete, Lightweight 445 SF 0.29 $128.95 13"Concrete, Lightweight 499 SF 0.29 $144.61 13"Concrete, Lightweight 436 SF 0.29 $126.44 13"Concrete, Lightweight 490 SF 0.29 $142.10 13"Concrete, Lightweight 80 SF 0.29 $23.08 13"Concrete, Lightweight 109 SF 0.29 $31.61 13"Concrete, Lightweight 77 SF 0.29 $22.45 13"Concrete, Lightweight 107 SF 0.29 $30.98 13"Air 25 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallAir 25 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallAir 258 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallAir 26 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallAir 1204 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallAir 276 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 25 SF 0.1 $2.50 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 25 SF 0.1 $2.50 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 263 SF 0.1 $26.33 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 27 SF 0.1 $2.67 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 1253 SF 0.1 $125.32 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 282 SF 0.1 $28.16 Brick facade wallBrick, Common 25 SF 11 $275.04 Brick facade wallBrick, Common 25 SF 11 $275.04 Brick facade wallBrick, Common 257 SF 11 $2,821.76 Brick facade wallBrick, Common 25 SF 11 $278.29 Brick facade wallBrick, Common 1191 SF 11 $13,095.61 Brick facade wallBrick, Common 274 SF 11 $3,018.59 Brick facade wallGypsum Wall Board 25 SF 0.5 $12.50 Brick facade wallGypsum Wall Board 25 SF 0.5 $12.50 Brick facade wallGypsum Wall Board 263 SF 0.5 $131.66 Brick facade wallGypsum Wall Board 27 SF 0.5 $13.35 Brick facade wallGypsum Wall Board 1253 SF 0.5 $626.62 Brick facade wallGypsum Wall Board 282 SF 0.5 $140.79 Brick facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 25 SF 1.9 $47.51 Brick facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 25 SF 1.9 $47.51 Brick facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 260 SF 1.9 $494.19 Brick facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 26 SF 1.9 $49.47 Brick facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 1224 SF 1.9 $2,324.70 Brick facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 278 SF 1.9 $528.56 Brick facade wallCellulose Insulation 25 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallCellulose Insulation 25 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallCellulose Insulation 263 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallCellulose Insulation 27 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallCellulose Insulation 1250 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wallCellulose Insulation 281 SF 0 $0.00 Brick facade wall

Vapor Retarder 25 SF 0.12 $3.00 Brick facade wallVapor Retarder 25 SF 0.12 $3.00 Brick facade wallVapor Retarder 263 SF 0.12 $31.60 Brick facade wallVapor Retarder 27 SF 0.12 $3.20 Brick facade wallVapor Retarder 1253 SF 0.12 $150.39 Brick facade wallVapor Retarder 282 SF 0.12 $33.79 Brick facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 1416 SF 0.1 $141.63 CMU BRICK FACADEAir Infiltration Barrier 1416 SF 0.1 $141.63 CMU BRICK FACADEBrick, Common 1416 SF 11 $15,579.21 CMU BRICK FACADEBrick, Common 1416 SF 11 $15,579.21 CMU BRICK FACADEConcrete Masonry Units 1416 SF 15.2 $21,527.63 CMU BRICK FACADEConcrete Masonry Units 1416 SF 15.2 $21,527.63 CMU BRICK FACADEGypsum Wall Board 1416 SF 0.5 $708.15 CMU BRICK FACADEGypsum Wall Board 1416 SF 0.5 $708.15 CMU BRICK FACADEPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 1416 SF 1.9 $2,690.95 CMU BRICK FACADEPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 1416 SF 1.9 $2,690.95 CMU BRICK FACADEVapor Retarder 1416 SF 0.12 $169.95 CMU BRICK FACADEVapor Retarder 1416 SF 0.12 $169.95 CMU BRICK FACADEAir Infiltration Barrier 348 SF 0.1 $34.84 CMU Stone facadeAir Infiltration Barrier 348 SF 0.1 $34.84 CMU Stone facadeConcrete Masonry Units 348 SF 15.2 $5,296.23 CMU Stone facadeConcrete Masonry Units 348 SF 15.2 $5,296.23 CMU Stone facadeGypsum Wall Board 348 SF 0.5 $174.22 CMU Stone facadeGypsum Wall Board 348 SF 0.5 $174.22 CMU Stone facadePolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 348 SF 1.9 $662.03 CMU Stone facadePolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 348 SF 1.9 $662.03 CMU Stone facadestone finish 348 SF 15 $5,226.54 CMU Stone facadestone finish 348 SF 15 $5,226.54 CMU Stone facadeVapor Retarder 348 SF 0.12 $41.81 CMU Stone facadeVapor Retarder 348 SF 0.12 $41.81 CMU Stone facadeGypsum Wall Board 186 SF 0.5 $93.21 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 130 SF 0.5 $65.10 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 70 SF 0.5 $34.97 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 179 SF 0.5 $89.39 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 199 SF 0.5 $99.36 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 33 SF 0.5 $16.63 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 87 SF 0.5 $43.72 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 85 SF 0.5 $42.50 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 67 SF 0.5 $33.35 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 64 SF 0.5 $31.92 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 139 SF 0.5 $69.32 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 156 SF 0.5 $77.88 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 35 SF 0.5 $17.32 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 31 SF 0.5 $15.39 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 56 SF 0.5 $27.93 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 153 SF 0.5 $76.40 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 125 SF 0.5 $62.54 Interior Walls

Gypsum Wall Board 71 SF 0.5 $35.75 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 124 SF 0.5 $61.96 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 66 SF 0.5 $32.93 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 25 SF 0.5 $12.44 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 58 SF 0.5 $28.79 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 205 SF 0.5 $102.46 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 101 SF 0.5 $50.27 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 86 SF 0.5 $42.88 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 179 SF 0.5 $89.35 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 219 SF 0.5 $109.70 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 33 SF 0.5 $16.63 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 83 SF 0.5 $41.69 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 85 SF 0.5 $42.50 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 214 SF 0.5 $106.96 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 74 SF 0.5 $36.93 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 75 SF 0.5 $37.29 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 154 SF 0.5 $76.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 173 SF 0.5 $86.31 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 44 SF 0.5 $21.82 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 169 SF 0.5 $84.66 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 141 SF 0.5 $70.29 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 85 SF 0.5 $42.66 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 137 SF 0.5 $68.64 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 67 SF 0.5 $33.68 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 29 SF 0.5 $14.52 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 34 SF 0.5 $17.17 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 65 SF 0.5 $32.69 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 74 SF 0.5 $36.91 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 28 SF 0.5 $13.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 43 SF 0.5 $21.73 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 36 SF 0.5 $18.00 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 52 SF 0.5 $25.88 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 34 SF 0.5 $16.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 41 SF 0.5 $20.25 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 54 SF 0.5 $27.06 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 53 SF 0.5 $26.38 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 41 SF 0.5 $20.28 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 38 SF 0.5 $19.00 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 41 SF 0.5 $20.25 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 39 SF 0.5 $19.25 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 54 SF 0.5 $27.00 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 27 SF 0.5 $13.44 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 205 SF 0.5 $102.46 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 106 SF 0.5 $53.00 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 198 SF 0.5 $98.98 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 220 SF 0.5 $110.02 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 33 SF 0.5 $16.63 Interior Walls

Gypsum Wall Board 88 SF 0.5 $44.02 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 214 SF 0.5 $106.96 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 74 SF 0.5 $36.93 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 70 SF 0.5 $35.13 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 154 SF 0.5 $76.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 173 SF 0.5 $86.31 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 44 SF 0.5 $21.82 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 169 SF 0.5 $84.66 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 139 SF 0.5 $69.28 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 79 SF 0.5 $39.36 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 137 SF 0.5 $68.64 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 67 SF 0.5 $33.68 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 29 SF 0.5 $14.52 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 205 SF 0.5 $102.46 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 106 SF 0.5 $53.00 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 86 SF 0.5 $42.88 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 198 SF 0.5 $98.98 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 220 SF 0.5 $110.02 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 33 SF 0.5 $16.63 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 88 SF 0.5 $44.02 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 85 SF 0.5 $42.50 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 214 SF 0.5 $106.96 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 74 SF 0.5 $36.93 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 70 SF 0.5 $35.13 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 154 SF 0.5 $76.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 173 SF 0.5 $86.31 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 44 SF 0.5 $21.82 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 169 SF 0.5 $84.66 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 139 SF 0.5 $69.28 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 79 SF 0.5 $39.36 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 137 SF 0.5 $68.64 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 67 SF 0.5 $33.68 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 29 SF 0.5 $14.52 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 37 SF 0.5 $18.28 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 69 SF 0.5 $34.33 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 77 SF 0.5 $38.27 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 28 SF 0.5 $13.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 43 SF 0.5 $21.73 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 36 SF 0.5 $18.00 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 52 SF 0.5 $25.88 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 34 SF 0.5 $16.78 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 41 SF 0.5 $20.25 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 54 SF 0.5 $27.06 Interior WallsGypsum Wall Board 53 SF 0.5 $26.38 Interior WallsWool 93 SF 7.5 $699.07 Interior WallsWool 65 SF 7.5 $488.28 Interior WallsWool 35 SF 7.5 $262.30 Interior Walls

Wool 89 SF 7.5 $670.41 Interior WallsWool 99 SF 7.5 $745.21 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $124.69 Interior WallsWool 44 SF 7.5 $327.94 Interior WallsWool 43 SF 7.5 $318.75 Interior WallsWool 33 SF 7.5 $250.10 Interior WallsWool 32 SF 7.5 $239.44 Interior WallsWool 69 SF 7.5 $519.87 Interior WallsWool 78 SF 7.5 $584.12 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $129.88 Interior WallsWool 15 SF 7.5 $115.45 Interior WallsWool 28 SF 7.5 $209.46 Interior WallsWool 76 SF 7.5 $572.97 Interior WallsWool 63 SF 7.5 $469.07 Interior WallsWool 36 SF 7.5 $268.09 Interior WallsWool 62 SF 7.5 $464.72 Interior WallsWool 33 SF 7.5 $246.96 Interior WallsWool 12 SF 7.5 $93.29 Interior WallsWool 29 SF 7.5 $215.90 Interior WallsWool 102 SF 7.5 $768.44 Interior WallsWool 50 SF 7.5 $377.02 Interior WallsWool 43 SF 7.5 $321.56 Interior WallsWool 89 SF 7.5 $670.15 Interior WallsWool 110 SF 7.5 $822.72 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $124.69 Interior WallsWool 42 SF 7.5 $312.65 Interior WallsWool 43 SF 7.5 $318.75 Interior WallsWool 107 SF 7.5 $802.19 Interior WallsWool 37 SF 7.5 $277.01 Interior WallsWool 37 SF 7.5 $279.64 Interior WallsWool 77 SF 7.5 $575.83 Interior WallsWool 86 SF 7.5 $647.31 Interior WallsWool 22 SF 7.5 $163.62 Interior WallsWool 85 SF 7.5 $634.96 Interior WallsWool 70 SF 7.5 $527.15 Interior WallsWool 43 SF 7.5 $319.98 Interior WallsWool 69 SF 7.5 $514.79 Interior WallsWool 34 SF 7.5 $252.62 Interior WallsWool 15 SF 7.5 $108.93 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $128.78 Interior WallsWool 33 SF 7.5 $245.14 Interior WallsWool 37 SF 7.5 $276.85 Interior WallsWool 14 SF 7.5 $103.33 Interior WallsWool 22 SF 7.5 $163.01 Interior WallsWool 18 SF 7.5 $135.00 Interior WallsWool 26 SF 7.5 $194.07 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $125.83 Interior Walls

Wool 20 SF 7.5 $151.88 Interior WallsWool 27 SF 7.5 $202.95 Interior WallsWool 26 SF 7.5 $197.81 Interior WallsWool 20 SF 7.5 $152.11 Interior WallsWool 19 SF 7.5 $142.51 Interior WallsWool 20 SF 7.5 $151.88 Interior WallsWool 19 SF 7.5 $144.38 Interior WallsWool 27 SF 7.5 $202.50 Interior WallsWool 13 SF 7.5 $100.78 Interior WallsWool 102 SF 7.5 $768.44 Interior WallsWool 53 SF 7.5 $397.50 Interior WallsWool 99 SF 7.5 $742.32 Interior WallsWool 110 SF 7.5 $825.19 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $124.69 Interior WallsWool 44 SF 7.5 $330.13 Interior WallsWool 107 SF 7.5 $802.19 Interior WallsWool 37 SF 7.5 $277.01 Interior WallsWool 35 SF 7.5 $263.47 Interior WallsWool 77 SF 7.5 $575.83 Interior WallsWool 86 SF 7.5 $647.31 Interior WallsWool 22 SF 7.5 $163.62 Interior WallsWool 85 SF 7.5 $634.96 Interior WallsWool 69 SF 7.5 $519.61 Interior WallsWool 39 SF 7.5 $295.21 Interior WallsWool 69 SF 7.5 $514.79 Interior WallsWool 34 SF 7.5 $252.62 Interior WallsWool 15 SF 7.5 $108.93 Interior WallsWool 102 SF 7.5 $768.44 Interior WallsWool 53 SF 7.5 $397.50 Interior WallsWool 43 SF 7.5 $321.56 Interior WallsWool 99 SF 7.5 $742.32 Interior WallsWool 110 SF 7.5 $825.19 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $124.69 Interior WallsWool 44 SF 7.5 $330.13 Interior WallsWool 43 SF 7.5 $318.75 Interior WallsWool 107 SF 7.5 $802.19 Interior WallsWool 37 SF 7.5 $277.01 Interior WallsWool 35 SF 7.5 $263.47 Interior WallsWool 77 SF 7.5 $575.83 Interior WallsWool 86 SF 7.5 $647.31 Interior WallsWool 22 SF 7.5 $163.62 Interior WallsWool 85 SF 7.5 $634.96 Interior WallsWool 69 SF 7.5 $519.61 Interior WallsWool 39 SF 7.5 $295.21 Interior WallsWool 69 SF 7.5 $514.79 Interior WallsWool 34 SF 7.5 $252.62 Interior WallsWool 15 SF 7.5 $108.93 Interior Walls

Wool 18 SF 7.5 $137.11 Interior WallsWool 34 SF 7.5 $257.48 Interior WallsWool 38 SF 7.5 $287.01 Interior WallsWool 14 SF 7.5 $103.33 Interior WallsWool 22 SF 7.5 $163.01 Interior WallsWool 18 SF 7.5 $135.00 Interior WallsWool 26 SF 7.5 $194.07 Interior WallsWool 17 SF 7.5 $125.83 Interior WallsWool 20 SF 7.5 $151.88 Interior WallsWool 27 SF 7.5 $202.95 Interior WallsWool 26 SF 7.5 $197.81 Interior WallsConcrete Masonry Units 102 SF 15.2 $1,551.47 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 115 SF 15.2 $1,753.74 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 52 SF 15.2 $787.31 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 65 SF 15.2 $988.00 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 71 SF 15.2 $1,086.21 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 52 SF 15.2 $786.60 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 126 SF 15.2 $1,911.52 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 32 SF 15.2 $488.01 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 73 SF 15.2 $1,111.50 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 128 SF 15.2 $1,950.08 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 136 SF 15.2 $2,074.08 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 12 SF 15.2 $179.94 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 116 SF 15.2 $1,760.36 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 72 SF 15.2 $1,094.40 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 79 SF 15.2 $1,200.97 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 51 SF 15.2 $773.85 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 131 SF 15.2 $1,996.54 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 35 SF 15.2 $531.80 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 81 SF 15.2 $1,231.20 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 14 SF 15.2 $216.81 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 147 SF 15.2 $2,236.68 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 12 SF 15.2 $179.94 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 116 SF 15.2 $1,760.36 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 72 SF 15.2 $1,094.40 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 79 SF 15.2 $1,203.19 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 52 SF 15.2 $786.60 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 142 SF 15.2 $2,165.43 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 36 SF 15.2 $540.56 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 81 SF 15.2 $1,231.20 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 14 SF 15.2 $216.81 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 147 SF 15.2 $2,236.68 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 12 SF 15.2 $179.94 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 116 SF 15.2 $1,760.36 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 72 SF 15.2 $1,094.40 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 79 SF 15.2 $1,203.19 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 52 SF 15.2 $786.60 Semi-exposed

Concrete Masonry Units 142 SF 15.2 $2,165.43 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 36 SF 15.2 $540.56 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 81 SF 15.2 $1,231.20 Semi-exposedConcrete Masonry Units 14 SF 15.2 $216.81 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 204 SF 0.5 $102.07 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 231 SF 0.5 $115.38 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 104 SF 0.5 $51.80 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 130 SF 0.5 $65.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 142 SF 0.5 $70.78 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 104 SF 0.5 $51.75 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 252 SF 0.5 $125.76 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 64 SF 0.5 $32.11 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 146 SF 0.5 $73.12 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 257 SF 0.5 $128.29 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 273 SF 0.5 $136.45 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 24 SF 0.5 $11.84 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 232 SF 0.5 $115.81 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 144 SF 0.5 $72.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 157 SF 0.5 $78.26 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 99 SF 0.5 $49.65 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 263 SF 0.5 $131.35 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 68 SF 0.5 $34.12 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 162 SF 0.5 $81.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 25 SF 0.5 $12.60 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 294 SF 0.5 $147.15 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 24 SF 0.5 $11.84 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 232 SF 0.5 $115.81 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 144 SF 0.5 $72.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 157 SF 0.5 $78.41 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 104 SF 0.5 $51.75 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 285 SF 0.5 $142.46 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 71 SF 0.5 $35.56 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 162 SF 0.5 $81.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 25 SF 0.5 $12.60 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 294 SF 0.5 $147.15 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 24 SF 0.5 $11.84 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 232 SF 0.5 $115.81 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 144 SF 0.5 $72.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 157 SF 0.5 $78.41 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 104 SF 0.5 $51.75 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 285 SF 0.5 $142.46 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 71 SF 0.5 $35.56 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 162 SF 0.5 $81.00 Semi-exposedGypsum Wall Board 25 SF 0.5 $12.60 Semi-exposedAir 33 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallAir 85 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallAir 395 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wall

Air 91 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 33 SF 0.1 $3.26 Stone facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 85 SF 0.1 $8.50 Stone facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 395 SF 0.1 $39.54 Stone facade wallAir Infiltration Barrier 91 SF 0.1 $9.10 Stone facade wallGypsum Wall Board 33 SF 0.5 $16.30 Stone facade wallGypsum Wall Board 85 SF 0.5 $42.52 Stone facade wallGypsum Wall Board 395 SF 0.5 $197.72 Stone facade wallGypsum Wall Board 91 SF 0.5 $45.48 Stone facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 33 SF 1.9 $61.95 Stone facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 85 SF 1.9 $161.56 Stone facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 395 SF 1.9 $751.33 Stone facade wallPolyisocyanurate Insulation Boards 91 SF 1.9 $172.84 Stone facade wallstone finish 33 SF 15 $489.06 Stone facade wallstone finish 85 SF 15 $1,275.47 Stone facade wallstone finish 395 SF 15 $5,931.51 Stone facade wallstone finish 91 SF 15 $1,364.54 Stone facade wallCellulose Insulation 33 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallCellulose Insulation 85 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallCellulose Insulation 395 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallCellulose Insulation 91 SF 0 $0.00 Stone facade wallVapor Retarder 33 SF 0.12 $3.91 Stone facade wallVapor Retarder 85 SF 0.12 $10.20 Stone facade wallVapor Retarder 395 SF 0.12 $47.45 Stone facade wallVapor Retarder 91 SF 0.12 $10.92 Stone facade wallGrand total: 398 $233,650.34

Floor ScheduleFamily Type Area Unit Cost Total Cost

Floor concrete slab with carpet finish 186 SF 2 $372.26Floor concrete slab with carpet finish 31 SF 2 $62.44Floor concrete slab with carpet finish 31 SF 2 $62.44Floor concrete slab with carpet finish 31 SF 2 $62.44Floor concrete slab with tile 156 SF 2 $311.11Floor concrete slab with tile 152 SF 2 $304.07Floor concrete slab with tile 152 SF 2 $304.07Floor concrete slab with tile 152 SF 2 $304.07Floor Concrete slab with wood finish 1497 SF 2 $2,993.43Floor Concrete slab with wood finish 1666 SF 2 $3,331.43Floor Concrete slab with wood finish 1666 SF 2 $3,331.59Floor Concrete slab with wood finish 1666 SF 2 $3,331.59Floor Generic - 9" 65 SF 2 $130.73Floor Generic - 9" 66 SF 2 $131.52Floor Generic - 9" 14 SF 2 $28.35Floor Generic - 9" 23 SF 2 $46.97Floor Generic - 9" 65 SF 2 $130.73Floor Generic - 9" 66 SF 2 $131.52Floor Generic - 9" 65 SF 2 $130.73Floor Generic - 9" 66 SF 2 $131.52Floor Generic - 13" 2200 SF 2.9 $6,380.60Floor Generic - 13" 3525 SF 2.9 $10,222.24Floor Generic - 13" 1320 SF 2.9 $3,829.30Grand total: 23 $36,065.17

Unit Price Number of Total CostHVAC 2000 8 $16,000.00Elevator 20000 1 $20,000.00Stairs 2000 4 $8,000.00Grey water 3480 1 $3,480.00Total $47,480.00

PV Panels 850 120 $102,000.00Solar Pane 681.9 8 $5,455.20Total $107,455.20

Roof struct $11,424.00Joist $17,280.00Total $28,704.00

Total EvaluationType Cost ($)Type CostElectrical 65000Envelope 20130Other 47480RET (PV and so 107455Plumbing 90000Wall 233650Floor 36065Roof 28704Total 628484

total sqft: 9900construction c $63.48

Electrical10%

Envelope3%

Other8%

RET (PV and solar panels)

17%

Plumbing14% Wall

37%

Floor6%

Roof5%

Structure48%

Construction Cost

Electrical Envelope Other

RET (PV and solar panels) Plumbing Wall

Floor Roof

REPEATABLE DESIGN

OPEN FLOOR PLAN COMMUNITY LIVING

The use of solar energy is integral to the ZERA design. ZERA were designed to use daylighting, passive solar heating, thermal mass effects, solar panels, and PV systems. This appropriation of natural solar effects allows for reduced energy loadings on the structures and provides clean sustainable energy.

Each apartment opens up into an open living area with a

connected kitchen and dining area. This is combined with

floor to ceiling windows in the living area and countertop

windows in the kitchen to create a feeling of being connected

to outdoors.

With 8 apartments per module (7 two bedroom, and one single

bedroom), an underground parking garage, floor to ceiling

windows, and enough space on the lot to have a front or back

yard to can be used for community gardens or grey water

collection, These apartment modules create a livable space with

connections to the outdoors and the community.

ZERA are designed without windows on the east and west facing exteriors to allow for side to side construction without view obstruction. This allows for higher building density.

SOLAR INTEGRATION

Holyoke, MA is an historical industrial New England city. Its industries used to harness the power of the

Connecticut river to stimulate the regional economy. In this city, ZERA, Zero Energy Repeatable Apartments,

will rise! ZERA strives to harness another natural energy source, the Sun. In the tradition of Holyoke, ZERA is

not exceptionally tall (four stories only) and the exterior facades are a mix of stone and brick so that the

apartments become part of the community of Holyoke, rather than unique architectural entities.

Using the energy analysis software Design Builder (which works with the Energy Plus engine), a heat and energy profile of the

apartment design was created. This analysis confirmed assumptions that heating, cooling, and hot water generation would be the

primary energy consumers of the ZERA buildings. It was also determined that a module (eight houses) consumes 53,032 kWh/y

(74.15kWh/m2). Using PV panels, the modules become zero-energy. The above graph shows the fresh air profiles inside the ZERA

buildings too. Several comfort analysis were done in order to proof the respect of the standard AHSRAE 55-2013.

During the pre-design phase, Ecotect Analysis 2011 was used to

create psychometric charts using climate data for Chicopee Falls,

MA as a stand in for Holyoke, MA. Using the design techniques

overlays, the passive solar heating and thermal mass effects were

chosen as passive strategies to reduce the energy loads of the

buildings. Later analysis was done using the Design Builder.

The overall estimated construction material cost of a single

module is over $600,000 (about $65 per sqft) with over

$100,000 of that being the initial cost of the PV and Solar

panels. The PV and Solar panels will pay for themselves in

16 years, effectively reducing the cost of the structure by

almost 18%.

Electrical10%

Envelope3%

Other8%

RET (PV and solar panels)

17%

Plumbing14% Wall

37%

Floor6%

Roof5%

Structure48%

Construction Cost

Electrical Envelope

Other RET (PV and solar panels)

Plumbing Wall

Floor Roof

Download - 2014%NESEA% COMPETITION% - Holyoke Redevelopment · Cities like Holyoke with brutal winter weather can benefit from this trapped solar heat that would ultimately reduce heating costs

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