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MIS
Management Information Systems
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Describe the difference between data and
information.
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Data goes through many distinct steps before it becomes information, including:
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acquisition of data;
classification of data;
storage of data;
retrieval of data,
editing of data;
verification and quality control of process that produced the data; aggregation of data;
hypothesis generation;
description of data;
test of analysis assumptions;
Analysis; extrapolation of implications of findings;
choice of format for presentation of data;
distribution of reports;
evaluation of effectiveness of reports.
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MANAGEMENT: Management has been define in
process or activities that describe what managers
do in the operation for their organization plan,organize, initiate and control operations. They plan
by setting strategies and goals and selecting the
best course of action to achieve the goals. They
organize the necessary tasks for the operational
plan, set these tasks up into homogenous groups
and assign authority delegation; they control the
performance standards and avoiding deviation fromstandard.
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INFORMATION: Data must be distinguished from
information and the distinction is clear andimportant for present purpose. Data are facts and
figures that are not currently being used in a
decision-making process and usually are taken from
the historical records that are recorded and filledwithout immediate intent to retrieve for decision-
making.
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SYSTEM: The system can be described as a set of
elements joined together for a common objective.
A subsystem is a part of a larger system with which
one is concerned. All systems for our purpose the
organization is the system and the parts (divisions,
departments, functions, unit etc) are thesubsystem.
The system concept of MIS is, therefore one of
optimizing the output of the organization by
connecting the operating subsystems through the
medium of information exchange.
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Management Information Systems
The MIS is an idea which is associated with man,
machine, marketing and methods for collecting
informations from the internal and external source and
processing this information for the purpose of facilitating
the process of decision-making of the business.
A management information system(MIS) provides
information that organizations require to manage
themselves efficiently and effectively
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The Definitions
1. The MIS is defined as a system which provides information
support for decision making in the organization.
2. The MIS is defined as an integrated system of man and
machine for providing the information to support the
operations, the management and the decision making
function in the organization.
3. The MIS is defined as a system based on the database of
the organization evolved for the purpose of providing
information to the people in the organization.
4. The MIS is defined as a Computer based Information
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Hence MIS focuses on:
1. Organization-wide information
2. Decision-making process
3. Managerial control and analysis4. Computer-based system
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The actual MIS process relates to:
1. Collection
2. Organization
3. Distribution4. Storage of wide information
5. Managerial control and analysis of data
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These days computers and information processing are
everywhere. Computers influence what decisions are made,
when decisions are made, what information is available at the
point of decision and who is asked to decide. Computers and
information processing affects how work is organized and how
employees feel about work.
Computers even influence what patients want from health
care systems and how patients approach health careorganizations. Information processing and computing is
pervasive.
From our perspective, the essential element of management
is information processing and thus computers are expected toheavily influence management.
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Management Information Systems
Transaction Processing
Systems (TPS)
Support operation
Management and
control
Routine, normal
operations
Management Information
Systems (MIS)
Provide decision-
making support for
routine, structureddecisions
Closely linked to and
fed by TPS
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Management Information Systems
Terminology Confusion
MIS = the study of information technology
in business settings
But, MIS is also term to refer to class of
systems used to support operational and
tactical decisionmaking
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A Model for Problem Solving
Decision Making Phase
Intelligence gathering
Design Choice
Implementation
Monitoring
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Decision Making
A step in problem solving
Intelligence gathering
Definition of problem
Data gathered on scope
Constraints identified Design phase
Alternatives identified and assessed
Choice
Selection of an alternative
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Structured vs. Unstructured
Problems Structured problems lend themselves to
programmed decisions
The implication is that a repeatable
process can be employed and these can
be automated
Unstructured problems require
unprogrammed decisions
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Unstructured Problems
Can be addressed (or partially addressed)
with Decision Support Systems
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Structured Problems
Can be addressed by an MIS
Three decision models or techniques
Optimization Find the best solution
Satisficing
Find a solution which meets certain criteria Heuristics
Rule-based solution generation 27
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Goals of an MIS
Provide managers with information
Regular, routine operations
Control, organize and plan better
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Typical Inputs and Outputs
Inputs: Information from the TPS
Outputs: hard and softcopy reports
Scheduled reports On-demand reports
Key-indicator (business fundamentals)
Exception reports
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Functional Perspectives of MIS
Financial MIS
Will integrate information from multiple
sources
Functions
Costing
P&L reporting
Auditing
Funds management30
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Functional Perspectives of MIS
Manufacturing
Design and Engineering
Master Production Scheduling Inventory Control
Materials Planning
Manufacturing and Process Control
Quality Control31
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Functional Perspectives of MIS
Marketing
Market research
Web-based market research
Pricing
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Functional Perspectives of MIS
Transportation and Logistics
Route and schedule optimization
Human Resources
Accounting
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Decision Support Systems
Used for unstructured problems
Characteristics
Data from multiple sources internal and external to organization
Presentation flexibility
Simulation and what-if capability
Support for multiple decision approaches
Statistical analysis
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Components of a DSS
Model management software
Provides a variety of solution models
Financial, statistical, graphical, project
management
Dialogue Manager
Allows user interaction with DSS
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Group Decision Making
Systems Very interesting field
How can information technology improve
how decisions are made by groups?
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Group Decision Making
Systems Applications
Where time is critical
Where participants are geographically dispersed
Where authority obstructs communication
Military Business
Government
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Group Decision Making
Systems Common characteristics
Meeting moderation/facilitation
Signed and anonymous comments
Structured deliberations
Presentation period Comment period
Automated collation of comments
Voting
Face-to-face and remote
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Executive Information Systems
What information does a chief executive of
board member require?
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Executive Information Systems
High level with drill down
Key business and industry data
Structured and unstructured information
Structured: MTD orders
Unstructured: Industry newsfeed
Graphical
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