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41e - describe the growth of the western population and its impact on Native Americans with reference
to Sitting Bull and Wounded Knee
Chapter 13
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In two minutes list everything you know about American Indians/Native Americans!
Go!
Word vomit
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How did westward expansion impact the native populations?
Essential Questions
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Great Plains—grasslands in west-central portion of the U.S.East: hunting, farming villages; west: nomadic hunting, gathering
Horses, guns lead most Plains tribes to nomadic life by mid-1700s
Buffalo provides many basic needsWhat can buffalo provide?
The Plains Indians
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Sioux Camp (1891)
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Cultural ClashHow do you think the Indians thought about
land?How did this differ from the settlers?
1858 discovery of gold in Colorado draws tens of thousandsMining camps, tiny frontier towns have filthy,
ramshackle dwellingsFortune seekers of different cultures, races;
mostly men
Settlers push Westward
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Railroads excerpt influence over Indian policy1834, government designates Great Plains as
one huge reservation1850s, treaties define specific boundaries for
each tribe
The Government and Indian Policy
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Many battles rage between U.S. and Indians1874 George A. Custer reports much gold in
Black Hills, Gold Rush begins
Blood shed
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1876, Sitting Bull has vision of war at sun dance
Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse, Gall crush Custer’s troops
By late 1876, Sioux are defeated; some take refuge in Canadapeople starving; Sitting Bull surrenders 1881
Little Big Horn/Custer’s Last Stand
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Assimilation—natives to give up way of life, join white culture
1887, Dawes Act to “Americanize” natives, break up reservationsgives land to individual Native Americanssell remainder of land to settlersmoney for farm implements for natives
In the end, Natives Americans receive only 1/3 of land, no money
The Dawes Act
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The Dawes Act Video
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Destruction of buffalo most significant blow to tribal life
Tourists, fur traders shoot for sport, destroy buffalo population
Destruction of the Buffalo
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Seventh Cavalry takes about 350 Sioux to Wounded Knee Creek
Battle of Wounded Knee—cavalry kill 300 unarmed Native Americans
Battle ends Indian wars, Sioux dream of regaining old life
Brought the Indian Wars to a bitter end!
Wounded Knee
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Wounded Knee
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After Civil War demand for meat increases in rapidly growing cities
Texas longhorns—sturdy, short-tempered breeds brought by Spanish
Cowboys not in demand until railroads reach Great Plains
Cattle Business
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How did the U.S. settle westward after the Civil War?
What was the motivation and how was it fueled politically, economically, and socially?
Essential Questions
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40b - describe the impact of the railroads in the development of the West, including the transcontinental railroad, and the use of Chinese labor
AKS
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Why do you think people moved West?What was their motivations?What types of people went west?
Activator
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1850–1871, huge land grants to railroads for laying track in West
1860s, Central Pacific goes east, Union Pacific west, meet in Utah
By 1880s, 5 transcontinental railroads completed
Railroads sell land to farmers, attract many European immigrants
People settled west to farm
http://www.5min.com/Video/The-Transcontinental-Railroad--Laying-the-Tracks-300993988
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What were the effects of the railroad expansion into the west?
What did it do for business and agriculture?How about the Indians?
Something to think about
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1862 Homestead Act offers 160 acres free to any head of household1862–1900, up to 600,000 families settleExodusters—Southern African-American
settlers in KansasDid not work because land speculators and
railroads bought up the land for their own gain
Government Support
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What was the Populist movement?What were its origins and what happened to
it?
Essential Questions
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41g - examine the problems of American farmers, solutions offered by populism in the late 19th Century and identify the major goals and achievements of the reformers
AKS
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Farmers buy more land to grow more crops to pay off debts
After Civil War, government takes greenbacks out of circulation
Debtors have to pay loans in dollars worth more than those borrowed
Prices of crops fall dramatically
Farmers unite to combat economic distress
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Railroad ProblemsLack of competition lets railroads overcharge
to transport grainFarms mortgaged to buy supplies; suppliers
charge high interestThe Farmers’ Alliances
1867, Grange startedPurpose is educational, social; by 1870s, Grange
fighting railroads
Farmers Unite (continued)
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Populism—movement of the people; Populist Party wants reformsEconomic: increase money supply, graduated
income tax, federal loansPolitical: Senate elected by popular vote;
secret ballot; 8-hour dayDemocratic Party eventually adopts platform
The Populist Party
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Gold Standard vs. Bimetallism
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1896, Republicans commit to gold, select William McKinley
Democrats favor bimetallism, choose William Jennings Bryan
McKinley elected president; Populism collapses; leaves legacy: the powerless can organize, have political
impactagenda of reforms enacted in 20th century
The Election of 1896
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Describe what you have learned today in ONE word!