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5.4 Muscle Tissues
• General Characteristics– Generate force– Bring about movement– Generate heat– Composed of fibers called
actin and myosin=myofilaments
– Three types of muscle tissue• 1. Skeletal• 2. Smooth• 3. Cardiac
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5.4 Muscle Tissues
• 1. Skeletal Muscle Tissue– “the striated muscle”
• Striped or banded muscle fiber
– Mulitnucliated-nucleous at sides of muscle cell
– Voluntary muscle tissue• Head, trunk, limbs• Enable facial expressions, write,
talk, sing, chew, swallow, breathe
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5.4 Muscle Tissues
• 2. Smooth Muscle Tissue– Called “smooth” because there
are no striations– One nucleus per cell– Spindle shaped cells– Involuntary control
• Moves food through digestive system
• Constricts blood vessels• Empties urinary bladder
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5.4 Muscle Tissues• 3. Cardiac Muscle Tissue– ONLY in the heart!!– One nucleus per cell– Cells are striated and branched– Intercalated discs
• Velcro-like membrane surfaces where cells meet• Contain desmosomes (provide structural support) and gap junctions
(allows rapid communication between cells, required for coordinated heart contraction).
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5.5 Nervous Tissue• Found in the brain, spinal cord and peripheral nerves.• Cell Types:
– 1. Neuron: generate and conduct impulses• Parts of a Neuron:
– Dendrite: Carries message towards cell body– Cell body: Contains most of the cytoplasm and nucleus– Axon: Carries impulse away from the cell body
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5.5 Nervous Tissue
• Cell Types (continued)– 2. Neuroglial Cells: Support and protect neurons
• Parts of Neuroglial Cells:– Shwann Cells: produce myelin sheath around the PNS.– Synapse: gap between neurons– Neurotransmitter: chemical released by neuron to
communicate with neuron across the synapse
*Myelin sheath=insulates nerve fibers for maximun rate of nerve impulse transmission
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5.6 Types of Membranes
• Made up of groups of tissues• 1. Epithelial Membrane Tissues– Consist of epithelial tissue and underlying
connective tissue– Three Types:• 1. Mucous Membranes• 2. Serous Membranes• 3. Cutaneous Membranes
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5.6 Types of Membranes
• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:– 1. Mucous Membranes• Line interior walls of hollow organs that open to the
outside of the body.• Consist of mucus secreting epithelium with underlying
connective tissue• Function=protection• Examples:
– Oral and nasal cavities (openings to the digestive and respiratory system)
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5.6 Types of Membranes• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:– 2. Serous Membranes
• Line cavities NOT exposed to external environment• Consists of simple squamous epithelium and underlying
connective tissue• Cover internal organs
– Parietal layer: lines wall of the body cavity– Viseral layer: covers internal organs
• Function: lubricates to prevent friction• Examples:
– Plural Membrane: around lung– Pericardial membrane: around heart– Peritoneal membrane: around intestines
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5.6 Types of Membranes
• Three Types of Epithelial Membrane Tissue:– 3. Cutaneous Membranes• SKIN• Consist of stratified squamous epithelium and
underlying connective tissue
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5.6 Types of Membranes
• Two types of Connective Tissue Membranes:–1. Synovial Membranes• Line freely moveable joints• Composed of ONLY connective tissue• Function: lubricate joints
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5.6 Types of Membranes
• Two types of Connective Tissue Membranes:– 2. Meninges:
• 3 layers that cover the brain and spinal cord• Composed of ONLY connective tissue• Function: protect the brain and spinal cord