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Motherboard
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Motherboards
House the CPU Allow devices to communicate with it and
each other
Most popular: AT and ATX ATX
More power-management features
Support faster systems
Easier to install Selection of motherboard determines
capabilities and limitations of the system
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Motherboard Components
Processing CPU (most important)
Chip set
Temporary storage
RAM
Cache memory
Electrical system
Power supply
connections
Communication withother devices
Traces
Expansion slots
System clock Programming/setup
data
Flash ROM
CMOS setup chip
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The Motherboard
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The Motherboard (continued)
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The CPU
About CPU
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The Chip Set
Controls most activities on the motherboard
Includes several device controllers
USB controller
Memory controller
IDE controller
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The Chip Set (continued)
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Typical ATX Motherboard
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Form Factors
Form factors are industry standardizedshapes and layouts that enable
motherboards to work with cases and power
supplies
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Type Of Motherboards
AT Form Factor
Invented by IBM in the early 1980s, was thepredominant
Form factor for motherboards through the
mid-1990s. AT is now obsolete The AT type of motherboard had a large
keyboard plug in the same relative spot on
the motherboard
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Type Of Motherboards
AT Form Factor
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Type Of Motherboards
AT Form Factor
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Typical AT Motherboard
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Type Of Motherboards
ATX Form Factor
ATX form factor includes many improvements over AT The position of the power supply enables better air
movement
The CPU and RAM are placed to enable easieraccess
Placement of RAM closer to the CPU than on ATboards offer users enhanced performance as well
The shorter the wires, the easier to shield them andmake them capable of handling double or quadruple
the clock speed of the motherboard ATX motherboards use a feature called soft power.
This means that they can use software to turn the PCon and off
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Type Of MotherBoards
micro ATX Form Factor About 30 percent smaller than standard ATX, yet still uses the
standard ATX connections A micro ATX motherboard fits into a standard ATX case or in the
much smaller micro ATX cases
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Type Of MotherBoards
BTX Form Factor
Balanced Technology eXtended three subtypes: standard BTX, microBTX, and picoBTX,
provide better ventilation vent in cool air from the front and warm air out the back
CPUs are moved to the front
special heat sink and fanassembly called the thermalunit
fan blows the hot CPU airdirectly out the back of the
case, as opposed to theATX method of justblowing the air into thecase
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Chipset
Every motherboard has a chipset Controls most activities on the motherboard
Chipset determines
The type of processor the motherboard accepts
The type and capacity of RAM
What sort of internal and external devices the motherboard
supports
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Chipset
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Chipset
Choosing the Motherboard
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Choosing the Motherboardand Case
Firstly , What motherboard you need
What CPU are you using?
Will the motherboard work with that CPU
Choose a motherboard that works with much higherspeeds than the CPU you can afford; that way you can
upgrade later
How much RAM do you intend to install?
Are extra RAM sockets available for future upgrades?
Choosing the Motherboard
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Choosing the Motherboardand Case Secondly,
Make sure youre getting a form factor thatworks with your case
Third , All motherboards come with a technical manual,
You must have this book! only source for all of the critical information about the
motherboard
If you set up CPU or RAM timings incorrectly inCMOS, for example, and you have a dead PC, wherewould you find the CMOS clear jumper? Where do you
plug in the speaker? Even if you let someone else install the motherboard,
insist on the motherboard book; you will need it
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Choosing the Motherboard and Case
Fourth, pick your case carefully. Cases come in six basic sizes:
Slimline
Desktop
Mini-tower
Mid-tower Tower
Cube
Get a case that will fit your motherboard
Cube cases generally require a specific motherboard,
so be prepared to buy both pieces at once
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Installing the Motherboard
Replacing a motherboard First remove the old motherboard
Begin by removing all the cards
Also remove anything else that might impede removal orinstallation of the motherboard, such as hard or floppy
drives Keep track of your screwsthe best idea is to return the
screws to their mounting holes temporarily, at least untilyou can reinstall the parts
Sometimes even the power supply has to be removedtemporarily to enable access to the motherboard
Document the position of the little wires for the speaker,power switch, and reset button in case you need to reinstallthem
EXAM TIP The CompTIA A+ Essentials exam will test you on thebasics of installing a motherboard, so you need to know this
section!
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Installing the Motherboard Wires, Wires, Wires
The last, and often the most frustrating, part of motherboardinstallation is connecting the LEDs, buttons, and front-mounted ports on the front of the box. These usually includethe following: Soft power
Reset button
Speaker Hard drive activity LED
Power LED
USB
FireWire
Sound
These wires have specific pin connections to themotherboard. Although you can refer to the motherboardbook for their location, usually a quick inspection of themotherboard will suffice for an experienced tech
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Troubleshooting Motherboards
Motherboards and motherboard componentscan fail from many causes:
Time, dust, cat hair, or simply slight
manufacturing defects
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Symptoms
Motherboard failures commonly fall into three types: Catastrophic, Component, and Ethereal
With a catastrophic failure, the PC just wont boot. This sort ofproblem happens with brand-new systems due tomanufacturing defectsoften called a burn-in failureand toany system that gets a shock of electrostatic discharge. Burn-
in failure is uncommon, but usually happens in the first 30days of use Swap out the motherboard for a replacement and you should be
fine.
If you accidentally zap your motherboard when inserting acard or moving wires around, be chagrined
Change your daring ways and wear an anti-static wrist strap! Component failure happens rarely, but appears as flaky
connections between a device and motherboard, or asintermittent problems
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Symptoms Most difficult of the three types of symptoms to diagnose are
those I call etherealsymptoms Stuff just doesnt work all the time
The PC reboots itself
You get blue screens of death in the midst of heavy computing
What can cause such symptoms?
Faulty component Buggy device driver
Buggy application software
Slight corruption of the operating system
Power supply problems