Download - Absolute Rulers: Peter the Great & Louis XIV
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Absolute Rulers: Peter the Great & Louis XIV
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• SSWH14AnalyzetheAgeofRevolu6ons.• 14a.Examineabsolu6smthroughacomparisonofthereignsofLouisXIVandTsarPetertheGreat.
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The First Czar • Ivan the Terrible
– In 1533, Ivan the Terrible becomes king of Russia
– Struggles for power with boyars—landowning nobles.
– Seizes power and is crowned czar, meaning “caesar”
• Rule by Terror – In 1560, Ivan turns against
boyars, kills them, seizes lands • Rise of the Romanovs
– Ivan’s heir is weak, leading to period of turmoil
– In 1613, Michael Romanov becomes czar
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Peter the Great Comes to Power • The Rise of Peter – Peter the Great becomes
czar in 1696, begins to reform Russia
• Russia Contrasts with Europe – Cut off geographically
from Europe – Culturally isolated, little
contact with western Europe
– Religious differences widen gap
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Peter Rules Absolutely
• Peter Visits the West – In 1697, Peter visits western Europe to learn
European ways
• Peter’s Goal – Goal of westernization—using western Europe as a
model for change
• Peter’s Reforms – Brings Orthodox Church under state control – Reduces power of great landowners – Modernizes army by having European officers train
soldiers
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Peter Rules Absolutely (continued)
• Westernizing Russia – Introduces potatoes – Starts Russia’s first newspaper – Raises women’s status – Adopts Western fashion – Advances education
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Peter Rules Absolutely (continued)
• Establishing St. Petersburg – Peter wants a seaport that will make travel to
West easier. – Fights Sweden to win port on Baltic Sea – In 1703, begins building new capital called St.
Petersburg. – Building city takes many years, many serfs die
in process. – By the time of Peter’s death, Russia is force
to be reckoned with in Europe
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“English Embankment,” St. Petersburg, Russia
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Palace Square, St. Petersburg
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Church of the Savior on Spilt Blood, St. Petersburg, Russia
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The Reign of Louis XIV
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Louis XIV Comes to Power
• A New French Ruler – Louis XIV is the most powerful ruler in French
history.
• Louis the Boy King – Hatred of Cardinal Mazarin, Louis’ minister
while he was a boy, leads to riots.
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• Louis Weakens the Nobles Authority – Louis takes control of the government in 1661. – He appoints intendants—government agents—
to collect taxes.
• Economic Growth – Jean Baptiste Colbert—finance minister—helps
the economy grow. He believes in mercantilism. – In 1685, Louis cancels Edict of Nantes;
Huguenots flee France.
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The Sun King’s Grand Style
• A Life of Luxury – Louis lives very well, with every meal a feast.
• Louis Controls the Nobility – Louis keeps nobles at palace to increase his power
over them. – Builds magnificent palace at Versailles
• Patronage of the Arts – Versailles is a center of arts during reign of Louis XIV – Purpose of the arts is to glorify Louis
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Panoramic view of Versailles Palace
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Another view of Versailles Palace
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Drawing of Versailles from above
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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
• Attempts to Expand France’s Boundaries – Louis fights wars in the 1660s and 1670s to
expand France. • 1667-Invades Spanish Netherlands. • 1672-Invades Dutch Netherlands.
– In 1680s, many countries unite against him in League of Augsburg
– France is weakened by poor harvests, warfare, and high taxes.
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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
• War of Spanish Succession – War of Spanish Succession begins in 1701 – This war attempts to prevent the union of the
French and Spanish throne. – War ends in 1714; France and Spain lose
some possessions.
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Louis Fights Disastrous Wars
• Louis’s Death and Legacy – Louis dies leaving mixed legacy – Rule makes France a major military and
cultural power in Europe – His wars and palace leave France with heavy
debts.