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APRESENTATIONON
in
SAs
renewable
energy
sector
FORTHESACITIESNETWORK
By
AlexisScholtz
CapeTown,8Oct2009
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Never
before
has
humanity
faced
suchachallengingoutlook.
Thiscanbesummedupinfivewords:
moreenergy,lesscarbondioxidetheroughguidetoclimatechange
Lockett&Milton
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CONTEXTWhat challenges do we face?
We can not proceed on a business-as-usual basis
Current economic activity has lead to a depletion of natural resources and its
outputs have hampered our ecosystems ability to self regulate itself
mate c ange w ave a negat ve mpact on o s n certa n sectors as oss ue
dependency decreases
Governments, as well as the private sector must play a key role in changing from
Changes in the decisions, practices and behaviors of millions of managers, workers
and consumers are needed
The develo ed world has embarked on a ra id scalin u of reen technolo ies
Low-income countries face a second technology gap
Energy poverty in South Africa will deepen
Will see more societal conflict in the competition to secure scarce natural resources
Face compliance and regulatory risk
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WHATIS
THE
GREEN
ECONOMY
creates decent, well-paying jobsUNEP, 2008
It is an economy that protects the environment and creates jobs that
cannot be outsourced overseas...they would require the local workforce,
building wind turbinesGreen Building Handbook for South Africa
.
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DEFINITIONOF
GREEN
JOBS
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines green jobs as:
as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D),
administrative and service activities that contribute substantiall to
preserving or restoring environmental quality
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DEFINITION
OF
GREEN
JOBSThe International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines green jobs as:
as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D),
administrative and service activities that contribute substantiall to
preserving or restoring environmental quality. Specifically, but not
exclusively, this includes jobs that help to protect ecosystems and
biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water consumption
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DEFINITION
OF
GREEN
JOBS
The International Labour Organisation (ILO) defines green jobs as:
as work in agricultural, manufacturing, research and development (R&D),
,
preserving or restoring environmental quality. Specifically, but not
exclusively, this includes jobs that help to protect ecosystems and
biodiversity; reduce energy, materials, and water consumption through
high efficiency strategies; de-carbonize the economy; and minimize or
altogether avoid generation of all forms of waste and pollution
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GREEN
AND
DECENT
JOBSDecent work principles
o er a equa e wages
safe working conditions
job security
reasonable career prospects
worker rights
Decent Work has four illars:
the creation of more and better jobs, the extension of social protection, respect for fundamental principles and rights at work, and
t e promot on o soc a a ogue
Peo les livelihoods and sense of di nit are bound u ti htl with their obs IOL, Green Jobs
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HOWTOBENCHMARKGREEN
Definitive, clear and guiding policy:
Define what South Africa regards as a green jobo challenge of addressing poverty alleviation and economic
of resources
Data collection and reporting
Monitoring and evaluation
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TYPES
OF
GREEN
JOBS
ble EnergyEfficiency
onRen
ew
WasteManagement
Consulting
EnvironmentalResourceManagement
BuiltEnvironment
ble
Wind
Solar
Renew Biofuels
Solar
Geothermal
Wave
IndirectDirect
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TYPES
OF
GREEN
JOBS
ble EnergyEfficiency
onRen
ew
WasteManagement
Consulting
EnvironmentalResourceManagement
awindturbine
ries)
windfarm
ble
Wind
Solar
io
nofsteeltocreate
(
supplierindust
erateandmaintaina
Renew Biofuels
Solar
Geothermal
Wave
Provi
Op
IndirectDirect
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Considerthefollowingheadlinestaken
fromCapebasednewspapers.
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3
Weeks
of
News
Headlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th17th
Sea is too warm for the shoals - 2009-06-17
The run every winter is when millions of the fish, in schools up to 20km long, move north witha cool current of water. Moving with them, dolphins feast on "baitballs" of sardines which theyer rom e ma n o y o s . anne s p unge rom e s y, na ng s me res un er
water, while sharks attack the baitballs from below.
As it is, the sardines are a little late as the water, at about 21C, is too warm. The sardinesprefer a temperature of about 19C.
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3
Weeks
of
News
Headlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th26th
Thick snow traps bus passengers - 2009-06-26
Numerous roads and passes around the Eastern Cape were closed due to snow and ice onthe roads on Friday. Kumbaca said the Boesmanshoek pass on the R397 was closed due to
c snow. e apa s erg pass e ween raa - e ne an ra oc an e oo s ergpass between Graaff-Reinet and Middleburg were closed due to thick ice on the roads'surfaces.
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3
Weeks
of
News
Headlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th1st
Mother City could face water shortage by 2012 -2009-07-01
How long will Cape Town's water supplies last? It depends on which level of government you
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3
Weeks
of
News
Headlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th8th
Firefighters battle Simonsberg blaze - 2009-07-08
Firefighters were battling a fire on the slopes of the Simonsberg mountains, above theBoschendal estate just outside Stellenbosch, on Wednesday night. nor -eas er y w n , a ong w e mo s ure con en n e vege a on, a ensure espread of the fire was limited from its initial six square kilometres, said Josias.
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3
Weeks
of
News
Headlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th
Weather forecasters warn of drought risk - 2009-07-09
South Africa could be in for a drought, with a "fairly high probability" of El Nino conditions inthe next six months.There was a 50 percent chance of an El Nino event in the next sixmon s a eas , sa , ase on n orma on rom e n erna ona esearc ns u efor Climate and Society, the Climate Prediction Centre, both in the United States, and its ownmodel.
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3WeeksofNewsHeadlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th13th
Bad weather causes havoc in Cape Town - 2009-07-13
Hundreds of residents, most in informal settlements, had to be evacuated as heavy showerscaused chaos throughout Cape Town, flooding homes and roads as rivers and streams bursts an s.
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3WeeksofNewsHeadlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th14th
Cape of storms lives up to its name - 2009-07-14
Hundreds of shack dwellers in parts of the city spent yesterday dredging up water and mud
from their homes while others were grateful they had been spared from torrential rains.
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3WeeksofNewsHeadlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th14th
Break in rain gives saturated Cape relief - 2009-07-14
"About 63 informal settlements have been affected,"About 20 000 people are being givenshelter and hot meals by relief agencies. At the moment roadways are being cleared of debris
.
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3WeeksofNewsHeadlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th14th
Mossel Bay also restricts water use - 2009-07-14
MOSSEL Bay has joined the other major Garden Route centres in imposing water restrictions
as the drought in the Southern Cape continues unabated.
The council yesterday imposed restrictions with immediate effect because of concern aboutthe levels of its reservoirs and the low rainfall so far this winter, said municipal spokesmanHarry Hill.
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3WeeksofNewsHeadlines
June July25th 2nd 9th 16th
Touw River pollution could sink water sport2009-07-16
RESIDENTS of Hoekwil near Wilderness have raised serious concerns about watercon am na on n e ouw ver, w c cou resu n ness an a poss e an on wa ersports on the estuary.
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Weknowthattheseextremeeventsare
causedbychangestoourclimateasa
resu o ncrease em ss ons.
,
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THISISWHAT
The Western Cape Provincial
Governments policy on climate
change says that the province willexperience:
1Cby2050
possibleincreaseinthefrequencyandintensityofextremeevents
temperaturesandincreasedwindvelocity)
reducedrainfallinthewesternpartsoftheWesternCape
decreasedwaterresources
reducedsoilmoisturefromanincreaseintemperature
coupledwithadecreaseinaverageprecipitation
temperatureimpactsoncropactivities cropburn,drought,pestsandmicrobesresultinginyieldreductions,
an osso rura ve oo s.
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ROLE
OF
POLICYGovernment policies remain indispensable.
Overall goal- and standard-setting beyond the time horizons typical inthe private sector
Creating and maintaining a level playing field for all actors.
Policies should focus on: ecosystems conservation
clean, efficient technology
renewable energy
chemical and waste management biodiversity based business as well as sustainable cities
buildin s, construction and trans ort
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POLICY
TOOLSSubsidies Phase out subsidies for environmentally harmful industries, shift a
portion or all of funds to renewable energy, efficiency, , .
Tax Reform Scale up eco-taxes and replicate as widely as possible. Eco-taxrevenues can be used to lighten the tax burden falling on labour
-activities.
Targets and Mandates Ensure that robust regulatory tools are used to drive, , -green employment.
Energy Alternatives Adopt innovative policies to overcome barriers to- ,
access to the electrical grid at guaranteed prices.
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POLICY
TOOLS(CONT)
Carbon Markets Fix the current shortcomings inherent in carbon trading andKyoto Protocol - related innovations e.g. the Clean
and adequate funding sources for green projects andemployment
Eco-labelling Adopt eco-labels for all consumer products to ensure that
consumers have access to information needed for
to design and market more sustainable products)
R&D Budgets Reduce support for nuclear power and fossil fuels and
technologies. e.g. Rizhao
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FUNCTIONSOFALOCAL
The Constitution states in section 152
to provide democratic and accountable government for localcommunities;
manner;
to promote social and economic development;
to encourage the involvement of communities and communityorganisations in the matters of local government.
mun c pa y mus s r ve, w n s nanc a an a m n s ra ve capac y, oachieve the objects set out in subsection (1)
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CONSTITUTIONAL
The following local government functions are set out in Schedule 4 of theConstitution:
* Air pollution
* Building regulations
*
* Municipal public works only in respect ofthe needs of municipalities in the dischargeof their responsibilities to administer
* Electricity and gas reticulation
* Firefighting services
*
under this Constitution or any other law
* Pontoons, ferries, jetties, piers and
harbors, excluding the regulation of
* Municipal airports
* Municipal planning
*
international and national shipping andmatters related thereto
* Storm water management systems in built-u areas
* Municipal public transport * Trading regulations
* Water and sanitation services limited topotable water supply systems anddomestic waste-water and sewage disposalsystems
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TYPESOFGREENJOBS
Monitoring & Evaluation, Public Transport, Carbon Capture and storage, Biofuel from waste dumps, Research andDevelopment
Policies: Reporting policies, Standards bodies, Investment policies in R&D, Regulatory
Energy efficiency advisors - eg Indalo Yethu programme, Installation, SWH and PV manufacturers, Electricians Policies: Regulatory e.g. SWH by-law, Tax incentives, Tax penalties, Carbon Credits, Education, skills training and R&D
investmentBuilding Regulations
Air Pollution
, , Policies: regulatory, R&D Investment, incentives, skills training bodies
Fire Fighting Service
Planners, relief and rehabilitation managers and crew Policies: communication, disaster mitigation policies, interventions that are also adaptation policies, youth development
Electricity & GasReticulation
Fairtrade tourism operators and consultants, green procurement jobs, communication, Policies: procurement policies, incentives - eco-tourism, regulatory eg reporting, Investment,,, Biodiversity, Resource
management
Planners, managers, teams
Local Tourism
Municipal Planning , , ,
Public Works
Expanded Public Works Programme - working with energy Regulatory, Investment, R&D, Education and skills training
Sanitation and Water Water quality coordinator, grey water reuse system technician, ecological design specialists, biolytics filter on brown water. Policies: regulatory, product standards, skills training, targets. penalties, incentives
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SAGOVERNMENTSRESPONSE
Government says green jobs have been given priority in the so-calledFramework for South Africas Response to the International Economic Crisis
Framework says develop capacity in new green technologies and industriesand that this should be backed by incentives for investment in programmes
National Treasury is interrogating a range of instruments that could yield theso-called double dividend of enhanced revenue collection and behavioural
Details are sketchy though, and no explicit policies or practicalimplementations have emerged. Gap for municipalities to takeresponsibilities, push the agenda, lobby for budget to implement the kind of
policies weve just discussed.
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RIZHAO sunshinecity
Coastal city of 3 million
ma c ty, w t ow per cap ta ncomes
Households in central city - 99% SWH PVs power most traffic controls, street lights and public space lighting
Suburbs - 30% SWH, 6000+ use solar to cook
60 000 greenhouses heated with PVs
SWH = 0.5 MW of grid-powered water heaters
Water heating and hot water in schools - wall hanged PVs (10 years)
Cost of a SWH = to that of electric WH ($190)
Save $120 a year
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RIZHAO sunshinecity
Results:
Reduced use of coal
Top 10 Chinese cities for air quality
State Environmental Protection Agency - Environmental Protection Model
City
Foreign direct investment, environment a key attraction factor
our s n us ry oom ng
National pride - host sports events
-
institutions
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RIZHAO sunshinecity
The role of policy:
1) encourages solar energy use
2 nanc a y supports & n n ustry
Other factors:
1) Local solar panel industries took advantage of govt policy, productimprovement
2) Strong political will in citys leadership to adopt policy
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WAYFORWARD suggestions
the policy that is missing or fails to translate into action with regards to
renewables is one that relates to real service delivery with accountability
Fast-track conversations regarding how
Think and talk about green economic transformation as opportunity
Inter-departmental communication Progressive, aggressive policies
Ramp up R&D
Hire technicians and people with technical experience
Involve stakeholders
Education and awareness
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QUESTIONSANDANSWERS
Contact details:
Alexis Scholtz
Telephone: 021 465 9966
Nils Flaatten
Mobile: 082 409 2020
www.africancarbontrust.org
Board of Trustees Richard Calland (Chairperson) Mike Freedman Ravi Naidoo Coleen VogelNon-Profit Organisation Number: 069662