AnalogiesUnderstanding Word Patterns
Analogiesare Word Relationships
A definition…
An analogy is a comparison between two things, and the comparison is used to determine the relationship between different sets of things.
Bark is to dog as meow is to cat.
Word AnalogiesAnalogies develop logic.
Analyze two words and identify the relationship between them.
Find another pair of words that has the same relationship.
Many Different Types of Analogies
• Synonym: cool is to chilly
• Antonym: hot is to cold
• Homonym: there is to there
• Category/subcategory: vegetable is to celery
• Part to whole: core is to apple
• Function to thing: cook is to stove
• Functions: microwave is to cook
• Verb Forms: go is to goes
Synonyms
Words that have the same meanings
Types of Analogies
What’s the relationship?
DRY : ARID :: lost : mislaid
Both words have similar meanings so
this relationship is a synonym
Antonyms
Words that have opposite meanings
Types of Analogies
What’s the relationship?
KIND : CRUEL :: happy : sad
Both words have opposite meanings, so
their relationship is an antonym.
Homonyms
Same sound, different meanings
Types of Analogies
What’s the relationship?
Hair is to hare as bear is to bare.
Present : present :: read : reed
Both words have the same sounds, so
their relationship is a homonym
Category-Subcategory
Category: a class or group of things, people, etc., possessing some quality or qualities in common
Subcategory: A subdivision that has common differentiating characteristics within a larger category.
Types of Analogies
Example: Color is to red as number is to five.
Categories: color and numberSub-Categories : red and five
Whole-Part
WHOLE includes everything. Part is only a part of the whole.
Hand is to finger as foot is to toe.
Whole: hand/foot
Part: finger/ toe
Types of Analogies
What’s the relationship?
POEM : STANZA :: play : actsCHAPTER: BOOK :: fender : automobile
Whole/Part.
Function
An activity or purpose natural to or intended for a person or thing
Types of Analogies
What’s the relationship?
KNIFE : CUT :: shovel : dig
The function of a knife is to cut.
Function
Verb Tenses
a category that locates a situation in time, to indicate when the situation takes place
Examples: past, present, future
Types of Analogies
Win is to won as lose is to lost.
Swim : swam :: eat : ate.
Present and past tenses are Verb Tenses
How do you choose the correct word to complete
an analogy?
Types of Analogies
Guidelines to solve analogies
decide upon the relationship between first 2 wordsstate the relationship - car is to tire because___________examine the third word – chair select a fourth word that will make the third-fourth word have the same relationship as the first-second wordbe ready to explain your fourth word selection
Car is to tire as chair is to ______.
Model and Practice
On is to off as start is to __________. stop, opposites
Nail is to finger as hair is to _________. head, part to whole
Eye is to see as ear is to ____________. hear, thing to function
Swift is to deer as slow is to _________. turtle, characteristic to
thingWool is to sheep as egg is to _________.chicken, product to thing
Now what do you think?
Is this analogy correct?
More Analogies to Solve
Quia - Awesome Analogies – Practice your knowledge of analogies through these interactive challenge questions. http://www.quia.com/cb/7146.html
Quia – Hangman Analogies - Here is an interactive
hangman game format to practice analogies. http://www.quia.com/hm/22953.html Fact Monster – Analogy of the Day - Practice for every day! http://www.factmonster.com/analogies
