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Tragedy
What makes something tragic, instead of
merely sad?
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Introduction to
Greek Theatre &Antigone
Ms. Keener
English II
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Drama A story that is written and meant to be acted out in front of
an audience Theater comes from the Greek word theatron, or seeing
place, where Greek audiences say to watch drama
Origins of GreekD
rama Combination of two genres: Myth: stories that illustrate and explain a society
Epic: long, narrative poem telling deeds of a hero
Began as songs and dances performed atreligious ceremonies in honor of the god Dionysis,
the god of wine and procreation
Sophocles: greatest ancient Greek playwright
Plays dealt with morality
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Comedy & Tragedy
Comedy: isnt necessarily funny
Deals with average or below average people
During the play, they enjoy rise in status frombad circumstances to good
Rise in status is due to Fortune, or The Fates Characters speak in everyday language
Tragedy: isnt necessarily tragic
Deals with higher than average people: kings,
heroes, gods During the play, the suffer a fall from good
fortune
Fall is due to Fate
Characters speak in elevated language
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the Chorusisnt just repeated over & over again in a song
Made up of 15 elder actors in a drama
Think of the chorus as another actor
The Choragos is the leader of the chorus
During the drama, the chorus sings odes to: Separate one scene from the next
Give background information
Offer reflections on events in the drama Strophe: during the ode, the chorus moves
from right to left
Antistrophe: during the ode, the chorus
moves from left to right
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Aristotles Rules for Tragedya few things all good Tragedies should have
Hamartia: the tragic flaw that leads to the
heros downfall
Hubris: arrogance before the gods Reversal: the opposite of what the hero
intends to happens, happens
Recognition: The main character recognizeshis tragic flaw and why he must die, just as
he is about to do so
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Greek drama terms to know
Prologue: introductory scene, revealingbackground information
Parados: opening song in which the chorus
explains the central conflict
Exodus: the final scene; the exit
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Audience Seating
Side stage where the chorus danced from left to right
Stage where the actors
performed
Stage for the scenery
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The StageThree MainPortions of Greek
Theatre:
Skene Portion of
stage where actors
performed(included 1-3 doors
in and out)
Orchestra
Dancing Place
where chorus sangto the audience
Theatron Seating
for audience
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Sophocles
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Sophocles (496-406 B.C.E.) Authored approximately 120
dramas
Age 16 led the boys chorus
over the Persian Victory
Model Greek citizen-served
as imperial treasurer andstate commissioner, elected
to the office of the general
twice Priest of Asclepias
Sophocles did not act in his
own plays
Contributions to theContributions to thedevelopment of theater:development of theater:
o Introduction of third actor
o Reduction of chorus size which
led to greater emphasis on the
charactero Introduced painted scenery
o Introduced a new style of music
to plays
o Created characters that are
more realistic, not god-like thusreinforcing the lessons of the play
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The
Characters and thePlay
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Antigone: protagonist; strong mindeddaughter of Oedipus
Ismene: gentle older sister of Antigone Polyneices/Eteocles: Antigones
brothers
Creon: Antigones uncle, new king of
Thebes Eurydice: wife ofCreon
Haimon: son ofCreon and Eurydice,betrothed to Antigone
Teiresias: blind prophet
Chorus: citizens ofThebes
Choragos: leader of the chorus
Sentry: soldier
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The play begins with the news that
Antigones brothers, Eteocles andPolyneices, have killed each other.
Creon is the new king and he has
announced that Polyneices will be
left to rot where his body lies.
This edict goes against Greek
religious practices and Antigone is
determined to give her brother theburial he deserves.
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Cast of Characters
Make a chart showing the relationships
between the characters. Refer to your
notes and page 649 for assistance. You
will have 10 minutes to complete the task.
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Quickwrite
When, if ever, is it right to go against a rule
or an authority? Explain your answer.
Are rules meant to be broken? Or should
you follow the rules all the time.