Download - ATC- Newsletter Issue 004
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1October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
A R U S H A T E C H N I C A L C O L L E G E
S k i l l s M a k e t h e D i f f e r e n c e
A BIANUAL PUBLICATION OF ARUSHA TECHNICAL COLLEGE NOVEMBER -APRIL, 2014 ISSUE 004
ATCNewsletter
H.E Dr. Jakaya M. Kikwete, the President of the URT listening to a presentation by Science Laboratory
Student of Arusha Technical college, Fedrica Frederick during the Edward Moringe Sokoine
MemorialDay held at Monduli on 12 April, 2014.
www.atc.ac.tz
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Contents
Published By:
Arusha Technical College
P.O.Box 296, Arusha,Tanzania
E-mail: [email protected]
Website: www.atc.ac.tz
Editor
Gasto Leseiyo
Assistant Editor
E.P Sikawa
Consulting Editor
Sauli Gilliard
Editorial Team:
Winston Msuya
Daudi Mtavangu
Photographs:
Public Relations Unit
Designed & Printed by:
iPrint Ltd.
Email: [email protected] Jakaya M. Kikwete, the President of the URT listening to Arusha Technical
Colleges Rector Eng. Dr. Richard Masika (1st left) as he gives Brief Information
about ATC during the Edward Moringe Sokoine Memorial Day held at Monduli
in April 2014. Looking on(center) is teh Former President , H. E , Benjamin W.Mkapa and behind him is Hon.Dr. Salim Ahmed Salim the former Prime Minister
and Secretary General of OAU
SokoineMeorial
Message from the Principals Desk 3
Message from the Editors Desk 4ATC gets ready to train more lab experts 5
ATC launches Lapidary and Jewellery
Technology Course 7
ATC acts on Biomedical Technicians Shortage 8
ATC sets strategies to create jobs 10
ATC to run Kikuletwa hydro power station 12
How Technical Skills Can Make A Dierence
In Driving Career 13
Waste water could be useful in irrigation 14
How to take care of automatic transmission
gearbox 16
News in pictures 17
A Success Story 18
ATC hosts rst TVET conference 20
Why training colleges need equipment 22
Appointments: 23
New Employees at ATC: 24
ATC becomes third in Shimivuta games 26
ATC Sta advised to check their health status 27
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Message from the Rector
Eng. Dr. Richard J. MasikaRECTOR
First Irrigation Engineering Graduates
Enter the Market in Style
It What exciting time lies ahead of us? This
is probably a question that preoccupied
the First Irrigation Engineering Graduates
during their student life at the College. The
Arusha Technical College, popularly knownas ATC, was upgraded to autonomous
institution in 2007 to replace the then
Technical College Arusha that was founded
in 1978. It started operating autonomously
in July 2009 and immediately, in response
to market demand and as a part of support
to the realisation of the National Irrigation
Master Plan (NIMP) the College introduced
a Civil and Irrigation Engineering
programme leading to the award of
Ordinary Diploma and Bachelors Degree
respectively. The Master Plan is supported
by the Tanzania Development Vision 2025and the KILIMO KWANZA strategy. The
Process of developing Curriculum for
this programme was guided by NACTE
provisions with eective involvement of
stakeholders.
Key NACTE provisions applied were level
descriptors and learning outcomes. The
process requires determination of labour
market demands through situation
analysis as a rst step towards curriculum
development. As a second step the
ndings of the Labour Market Demands
were synthesized with NACTE guidelinesin a Situation Analysis Report. This Report
was applied to develop Curriculum in a
writers workshop comprising a strategic
mix of selected members from the
Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security,
Local Government, Contractors, Sokoine
University of Agriculture, and Agriculture
Research Institutes, among others.
The College also developed an
implementation plan to guarantee
that the training to be oered is of
required quality, experiential in nature
with entrepreneurship developmentcomponent to motivate students to
opt for self employment activities after
completion of their study. The developed
curriculum and its implementation plan
were presented to a stakeholders workshop
to conrm if it adequately addressed
the needs of both irrigation engineering
industry and professional bodies. This step
in addition to approving the curriculum,
also ensured that the graduates could be
relevant to society. As a part of Quality
Assurance framework of the College,
practicing professionals, professionalbodies and the views of other stakeholders
were taken into consideration.
The College mobilised the required
resources both human and facilities to
impart the necessary knowledge, skills and
good attributes engraved in the curricula
as demanded by Irrigation Engineering
Industry and allied stakeholders. Further,
the College recruited a total of 5 qualied
academic sta in the Civil Engineering
Department, contracted visiting
Lecturers/Professors from institutions
such as Sokoine University of Agriculture,University of Dar es Salaam and Dar es
Salaam Institute of Technology among
other Institutions. Further, the College,
requested for support of Irrigation Experts
from the Government of Japan to build
teaching capacity especially in design
and practical classes. The Japanese
Government dispatched two Experts
from June 2010 todate to work with ATC is
realizing this noble dream.
In order to support teaching, a
Demonstration Farm was constructedwithin the ATC campus to demonstrate
eld irrigation techniques for gravity
irrigation and pressurized irrigation
technologies. In addition, the College is
in the process of establishing a 150 acres
Irrigation Training Farm 15 km away at
VETA Oljoro area to support teaching
practice. Currently, drilling of boreholes
and construction of rainwater harvesting
system are in progress. In addition, in
each academic year Students attend Field
Practical Training in Irrigation Schemes
and Design Oces for ten weeks where
they work under supervision of contractors,
consultants, and Irrigation Ocers.
The rst batch of Students who pursued
this three academic years Bachelors
Degree Programme and successfully
fullled the requirements for the awards,
graduated with Bachelors Degree in Civil
and Irrigation Engineering in January
2014. These are the rst graduates in this
eld in our Country. They are recognized
and registed by the Engineers Registration
Board (ERB). Government is working on
its promise of employing them to variousirrigation schemes and relevant projects in
the Local Government. A good number of
them however have already been employed
by other stakeholders. During the
Graduation Convocation the Graduands
resolved that at every graduation occasion
each graduand should plant a memorial
tree starting with their cohort.
The ATC sta are student centred, career
focused and committed to student success.
Our hands-on (competence based)
philosophy distinguishes ATC from many
other technical institutions in Tanzaniaand the East African region. The College
is condent that its graduates leave
with a qualication which is respected in
the industry with the competence and
condence that go with it.
The support of all stakeholders including
students, Government, visiting lecturers/
professors, Irrigation Experts and the
College sta is highly appreciated and we
count on your continued support and good
cooperation.
Remember that always Skills make the
Dierence!
October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTE R
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4 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
G
reetings to you all! This editorial is in good hope that you are
all doing well. This time around our newsletter is out again
bringing you a variety of stu which we believe will keep you
informed, educated and entertained with regards to the issues of
engineering, Science ad technology.
The family of ATC this time around is more than happy as we now
have 27 new sta who we believe their coming make huge strides in
various aspects with the intention of preparing capable Manpower
that will help our Country. We do hope that other sta will oer them
maxium support in executing their responsibilities.
As the core function of ATC is provision of competence based
education training, we bring with you a call from the vice president
of Tanzania, Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal on the need to reinforce
technical education in the country so that we speed up the
transition to an industrial economy.
As stated clearly in the previous edition, the role of stakeholders,
the America Biomedical Technology Aid (Beta) have taken a lead
by donating machines for ATC meant imparting better skills to
Students who are taking Electrical and Biomedical Engineering.
In the same spirit this edition brings to you a mixture of features,
news stories and interviews to keep you informed and entertained,
without forgetting the success stories of mwalimu Joseph Kotini, a
former student of the then Technical College Arusha, as he narrates
extensively about his career and experience in the Automotiveengineering eld and his plea to students to join technical
institutions.
Last but not the least , we wish to say this editorial has no enough
space to brief you on all the good things that we have prepared for
you but we promise you that by having opportunity to read you will
be much informed, educated and entertained as well, especially on
the humor part.
Enjoyreading this edition.
Message from the Editors Desk
The role of stakeholders, the America Biomedical Technology Aid (Beta)
have taken a lead by donating machines for ATC meant imparting better
skills to Students who are taking Electrical and Biomedical Engineering.
Gasto Leseiyo
EDITOR
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5October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
By Gasto Leseiyo
Arusha Technical College (ATC) hosted the International
Conference for the Conference for Commonwealth
Association of Polytechnics in Africa (CAPA), which
was held from 25th to 27th November 2013 at the Arusha
International Conference (AICC). The Conference attracted
more than 250 delegates presenting 14 nationalities from
Africa and beyond. This years theme was Aligning Skills to
meet Market needs in Africa-Role of TVET.
ATC HOSTS CAPAInternational conference
The Vice President of the URT. H.E Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal follows the
Presentation during the Conference
Minister for education and Vocational Training,
Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (MP) delivers a Closing
speech the CAPA Conference
Launching of the CAPA Science Journal
Speaking during the ocial opening
Ceremony, the Guest of Honor the Vice
President of Tanzania, Dr. Mohammed
Gharib Bilal stressed on the fact that
Tanzania has no choice but to embrace
vital technological advancement in
order to speed up the transition to an
industrial economy.
CAPA Secretary General, Dr. Olubunmi Owoso
delivers Speech during the Conference
The Vice President of the URT. H.E Dr. Mohamed Gharib Bilal (5th from left seated) in a group photo with memberof local Organizing Committee (LOC) during the November 2013 CAPA International Conference. Seated on
his right is Hon. Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (MP) Minister for Education and Vocational Training. CAPA Secretary
General, Dr. Olubunmi Owoso (2nd left. On his left is the ATC Governing Board Chairperson, Mr. AbrahamNyanda (2nd right). Chairperson of LOC. Eng. Dr. Richard J. Masika (3rd right)
Dr.Bilal added that development in
science and technology was a crucial
determinant of the processes governing
national development and the countrys
position in the global economy.
While developed countries are mulling
over the post- industrial era, most
African countries have not been able
to adequately embrace even the
technologies of the rst industrial
revolution, the Vice President pointed
out.
On his part, the Minister for education
and Vocational training, Dr. Shukuru
Kawambwa stated that technical and
vocational education and training was
the only vehicle which would enable
African countries to reduce the gap
between them and the rst world
countries as far as technology was
concerned.
it is indisputable that the contribution
of TVET training in wealth creation
is essential and if eectively utilized
technical training graduates could be
drivers of small and medium enterprise
development said Dr. Kawambwa.
The Conference has been organized
by Commonwealth Association of
Polytechnics in Africa (CAPA) in
conjunction with Arusha Technical
College (ATC), National Institute
of Transport (NIT) and Vocational
Education and Training Authority
(VETA).
Technological advancement in thecase of Tanzania is particularly of major
importance in the agriculture sector he
said.
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6 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
THE ATC-WORKERSCOUNCIL IN SPOTLIGHT
The Chairman of the Arusha
Technical College Governing
Board, Mr. Abraham Nyanda has
called for deliberation eorts on the
part of the ATC- Workers Council to
ensure that they vigorously address
workers concerns in a move to promote
productivity at the College
Speaking at the opening ceremony of
the Workers council, Mr. Nyanda noted
that general workers productivity and
The Guest of Honor. Hon. Abraham Nyanda, the Chairman of the ATC Governing Board gives his opening
remarks during the ATC-workers council inauguration.
Some of the Members of the ATC-Workers Council listening
to the Guest of Honors opening remarks.By Gasto Leseiyo
stewardship to the public and College
resources increase when their concerns
are addressed properly.
He also called upon the general sta at
the ATC to ensure that they diligently
and eciently discharge their duties
with commitment of the highest order.
The Board Chairman also noted that
keeping condentiality should be the
Workers council top agenda.
The invited Guests, Mr.Sebastian Inoshi(left) from Dar es Salaam Institute of
Technology (DIT) and Mr. Mwahamed
Kulu (right) from Tanzania HigherLearning Institutions Trade Union
(THTU).
A group photo of the Guest of honor.
Hon. Abraham Nyanda (4th left-
seated) together with the Members ofthe ATC Workers Council
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7October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
The Rector of the Arusha Technical College, Eng. Dr. Richard J. Masika (1st left) presenting a carved Egg) from the rock Malachite to the Minister for Education and VocationalTraining, Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa (1st right) during the just-ended Arusha International Gemstone Jeweller y and Mineral Fair held at Mount Meru Hotel in Arusha. ATC ofers
Basic Certicate Course in Lapidary and Jewellery Technology
By Gasto Leseiyo
ATC PARTICIPATES IN THE 2ND ARUSHA
INTERNATIONAL GEM, JEWELRY AND
MINERAL FAIR (AIGMF)
The Ministry of Energy and
Mineral (MEM) in collaboration
with the Tanzania Mineral
Dealers Association (TAMIDA) recently
organized the 2nd Arusha International
Gem, Jewelry and Mineral Fair (AIGMF)
in which Arusha Technical College
(ATC) fully participated.
In these exhibitions dierent
institutions from Tanzania and OutsideTanzania participated. ATC like many
institutions used the exhibition as a
means to disseminate information to
the local and international Public on its
newly introduced Course of Lapidary
and Jewelry Technology.
The Organizing Committee from
ATC displayed dierent activities
performed by students under this
course including demonstration on
how to cut and polish Gemstones,especially Tanzanite.
Speaking at ATC pavilion the Colleges
Rector, Eng. Dr. Richard Masika told the
Minister for Education and Vocational
Training, Dr. Shukuru Kawambwa that
the Institution intends to create local
experts who will be able to add value
to the diverse valuable gemstones
explored in the Country
The Minister visited the pavilion where
activities related to the Colleges
lapidary and Jewelry Training were
being displayed to an international
delegation.
He lauded the Colleges initiatives,
pointing out that for many years
mineral mined in the Country provided
employment to the people in the other
countries that could buy raw products
only to cut and polish them in their owncountries.
This is a commendable initiative as
the Country has a limited number of
experts in this area. We want more
people to have expertise in this area
to add value to our mineral to make
Tanzanians benet out of this sector,
he said
The new Course has already been rolled
out with the rst batch of 16 students
and is already enrolling new ones in an
eort to boost the number of Jewelry
Polishing experts in the Country.
Deputy Minister for Energy and Mineral
Hon. Stephen Masele (MP), inspects lapidaryand Jewelry section of Arusha Technical College
during the 2nd Arusha International minerals,Gemstones and Jewelries Fair.
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8 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
Introduced at ATC
A
rusha Technical College (ATC) has unveiled a special
ARGO system of Automotive engine diagnostic and
repair workshop that is likely to change motor vehicle
repairing services in the country.
Speaking during the opening ceremony, the ATC Rector
Engineer, Dr. Richard Masika said, the new advanced car that
are extremely dierently from old mechanical dilapidated
vehicle means that the countrys mechanics and motor vehicle
repair garages not equipped to handle them.
Older motor vehicles were mostly composed of mechanical
parts with little, if any electronic, but new cars are automated,
featuring mostly electronic and digital components with
mechanical parts taking the back seat. Pointed out Dr. Masika
He added that the new ARGO lab at ATC will enable the new
breed of mechanics to handle modern cars.
ATC has already developed a tailor- made automotive
engineering curriculum which has been submitted to theNational Council for Technical Education (NACTE) for approval.
Furthermore, the College has consulted the motor vehicle
industry experts to see what they specically wanted from the
workforce who will be graduating from the programme.
ARGO project experts from Netherlands, Hendrick Jonkman and
Sieberrn Idzenga are assisting in the maiden training scheme at
the College pioneering the journey in digitalizing motor vehicle
repairing in Tanzania.
The Hague based, PUM Netherlands senior experts organization
is assisting ATC on the new Practical Training for TechniciansProgramme, the organization connects entrepreneurs in
developing countries and emerging markets with senior experts
from Netherlands that boast at least 30 years of experience in
business environment .
With the newly established ARGO engine diagnostic laboratory
and repair workshop at ATC, local car garages are set to be
transformed from the old, smelly, oily warehouses full of
spanners and blue-coat mechanics to modern centres featuring
Lab like clean interiors tted with Computers attended white-
clad workmen who look like doctors.
By Sta writer
The Pum Project Manager,
Mr. Wim Bredewold presents
a key to the Rector of Arusha
Technical College, Eng Dr.Richard Masika as the sign of
Inauguration of ARGO Lab.
Look on, are Member of ATC
Governing Board
Mr. Hendrick Jonkman
from PUM Netherlands
senior experts makes apresentation the Chairpersonof ATC Governing Board Mr.
Abraham Nyanda (1st Left)
on the ARGO System works
Eng. Joseph kotini demonstrates Automotive Model worksto ATC Board Members during the Inauguration of ATC
ARGO Lab.
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9October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
A quick design method forSUBSURFACE CONSTRUCTED WETLANDSFOR TREATING WASTEWATER
Experience has shown that both subsurface
constructed wetlands work much better if precededby a settling tank or a septic tank. They are suitable
for secondary treatment- Second step in most waste
treatment systems during which bacteria consume
the organic parts of the wastes and further removal
of suspended solids or tertiary treatment- Advancedcleaning of wastewater during which nutrients (such
as phosphorous and nitrogen) and most suspended
solids are removed).
Standard design of Horizontal Subsurface
constructed wetlands
Design of horizontal subsurface ow constructedwetlands is guided by Kickuth Equation and media
(gravel) characteristics giving a design equation
below:
, where Ahis the surface area of the bed (m2),
Qd is the ow rate (m3/d), C
o is the inuent organic
matters measured as BOD5 (mg/l) and Ce is the
euent organic matters measured as BOD5 (mg/l).
KT is the temperature dependent factor (d-1), y is
media depth (m) and n is the porosity of the media
(%). However KTyn = K
BOD=0.067-0.1
The design equation is suitably applied if at all
possible to carry out a ow and load sampling survey.
Quick design of Horizontal subsurface constructed
wetlands
In designing horizontal subsurface fowl constructed
wetlands without prior information on characteristics
of wastewater, a quick method is to use population
equivalent (pe). With the following assumption
a) Flow per person 40-200l/pe
b) BOD contribution (Co) 40-60g BOD5/
pe and
c) Quality required (Ce) 10-20 mg/l
(standard)
d) 20-45% of Co will be removed by pre-
treatment system (e.g. septic tank)
Example
With an area of say with 200 people which requires
horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands. The areaof land required will be obtained as follow:
BOD5owing to pre-treatment system will be:
(60g/pe)/200 =300 mg/l and with assumption that
30% this BOD will be reduced at pre-treatment unit,
Co = 0.7 x 300 210 mg/l
Qd= 200 pe x 200l/pe = 40 m3/d
Ah = [40ln (210/20)]/0.1 =940 m2
It is necessary to remember that:
a) Horizontal subsurface ow constructed wetlandsare designed based on plug-ow assumption (l/w
=1-5) and
b) In ow Qin
and out ow Qout are equal
c) Bed slope < 2%
d) Media depth should allow water to ow 0.15 mfrom the surface
INTRODUCTION
Wetlands is land where the water surface is
near the ground surface for long enough
time to maintain saturated soil conditions
along with the related vegetation. They have partly
oxic (Oxygen condition), partly anoxic (anaerobic
condition) soils in which organic breakdown takesplace. Wetlands support a highly productive, tall
emergent vegetable capable of taking up large
amount of nutrients. There are two types of wetlands
namely natural of constructed wetlands.
NATURAL WETLANDS
These have been used for wastewater treatment for
many years. In many cases natural wetlands were usedfor disposal and not treatment and were considered
as wastelands
Although improvement in the quality of wastewater is
generally observed as a result of ow through naturalwetlands, the extent of their treatment capability is
largely unknown. In Tanzania natural wetlands occupy
over 7% of the countrys surface area.
CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS
These are Designed/man-made systems aimed atachieving removal of pollutants as observed to take
place in natural systems. They are sometimes called
Reed beds or articial wetlands but constructed
wetlands is an international term
Constructed wetlands are increasingly seen as aviable Eco-technology for wastewater treatment due
to:
a) Public demand for more stringent wastewater
euent standards,
b) Rapidly escalating costs of construction
and operation associated with conventionaltreatment plants, and
c) Environmental benets
Classication of Constructed wetlands
These are:
a) Surface Flow Constructed wetlands (popular inUSA particularly for Large wastewater ow: This
is characterised by Wastewater being exposed
to the atmosphere as it ows through the cell
(treatment unit)
b) Subsurface constructed wetlands (Horizontal orvertical ow) widely accepted in Europe, Australia
and Africa: This is characterised by Wastewater
being exposed to the atmosphere as it ows
through the cell
Horizontal ow
Vertical ow
Processes (mechanisms) in treating wastewater byconstructed wetlands
Treating of wastewater by Constructed wetlands
involves transformation or removal of Organics(BOD), suspended solids, nitrogen, phosphorus,
pathogens and trace metals by:
a) Sedimentation: Gravity settling solids
b) Filtration: Particulate ltered mechanical ly as
water passes through substrate, root masses etc.
c) Adsorption: Inter-particle attractive force
d) Biological microbial/metabolism: include
nitrication/denitrication
e) Natural die o: Naturally decay or organisms in
unfavorable conditions and
f) Plant absorption: Under proper conditions,
signicant quantities of these contaminants willbe taken up by plants
Design of subsurface Constructed wetlands
This article will only discuss design of Horizontal
subsurface constructed wetlands which have many
advantages as compared to surface ow Constructed
wetlands as indicated in the Table below:
SUBSURFACE FLOW SURFACE FLOW
Often greater operatingcost
Generally lower installationcosts
Clogging happensSimple hydraulic (noclogging)
More eective per unitarea i.e. it needs less
space
Needs More space (land)
No/Less odour Odours is likely to happen
Possibly fewermosquitoes
Possibly more mosquitoes
By Senzia, M.A.(PhD)
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10 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
By Winstone Msuya
ATC receives training equipment
WORTHY EURO 200,000
It was all jubilation at ATC on
16/08/2013 when a truck carrying a
consignment of training equipment
and tools, donated by the Italian Gov-
ernment through Italian Development
Agency (IDA) under the Technical Edu-
cation and Labour Market Support
(TELMS) project, was being o-loaded
in front of the ATCs main store.
The Euro 200,000 worthy equipment
and tools were donated as part of the
TELMS project which is aimed at in-
creasing access and improve quality
of teaching and learning using mod-
ern training equipment and improved
sta skills; introducing new Labour
Market driven cross cutting technolo-
gies and engineering programmes; re-
searching and boasting existing part-
nerships and linkage with the Tanzania
Industry through innovative technical
programmes; and giving special con-
sideration and priority for women to
participate in technology and engi-
neering.
Some of the Electronics and Telecom-
munication equipment donated by
TELMS
The beneciaries of these tools and
equipment include the Automotive,
Civil, Electrical, Mechanical and Trans-
portationengineering departments.
The Automotive engineering depart-ment received a state of the art com-
puterized vehicle diagnostic kit which
will greatly improve the practical train-
Some of the Electronics and Telecommunication
equipment donated by TELMS
ing in its two workshops and benet
customers who need quality car repair
and maintenance services. The Civil
and Transportation engineering de-
partments will share among them vari-
ous laboratory equipment including
Direct Shear Test Machine and its Ac-
cessories. The Mechanical engineer-ing department received four complete
sets of PLC Workstation with Process
Simulators that will eectively improve
the training of Mechatronics. Lastly it
is the Electrical engineering depart-
ment, which by large received a lions
share. They got various electonics and
telecommunications equipment that
will make their laboratories one of the
best Tanzania.
The arrival of these tools and equip-ment is yet another testmony that ATC
is committed to its endeavor to play a
leading role in training highly skilled
and knowledgeable graduates who can
cope with the ever changing technol-
ogy. The Rector and the ATC commu-
nity at large is taking this opportunity
to thank and congratulate the Italian
government through the TELMS Pro-
ject Manager, Dr. Daniele Passalaqua
for taking a leading role in ensuringATC is fullling its Vision and Mission..
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11October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
By David Raymond
Auto-Trans.VehicleECT /OD Button Application.
ECT stands for Electronically Con-
trolled Transmission. When you
push the button in, there should be
a light on the dash board that indicates
ECT POWER. This changes the normal
shift times (based on engine vacuum,
rpm, and throttle position) to a later
point.
This simply means that, the engine rpms
will go higher before shifting to a higher
gear when youre accelerating. When
engaged, the transmission shifts later,
allowing the engine to get to a higher
power level and accelerate faster. Gas
mileage is usually reduced in this mode.
Use it only when you need to get up to
speed faster; for example, to merge into
fast moving trac. The normal position
for this switch is OFF.
In Freelander vehicles the button has
ECT/SNOW mode. The Snow mode
starts the transmission in 2nd gear rather
than rst so that the wheels dont have
quite as much torque and are less likely
to spin in inclement weather. Secondly,
it changes the whole shift pattern of
the transmission, particularly when
accelerating from a start or when passing.
It has the transmission change into higher
gears earlier so that, again, when it is bad
conditions you are less likely to spin the
tires each time the transmission shifts
up and when you go into a passing gear,
it down-shifts only one rather than the
usual two 2 gears so that you dont have
as dramatic a change in the power going
to the wheels.
O/D stands for Over-Drive this is a 4th
gear on the transmission that will engage
when you are going above about 35 mph/
56kmh, that lets the engine operate ata lower speed (RPMs) when all it has to
do is maintain a high speed when you
are going over at, even highway. This
improves fuel economy.
Technically, any transmission gear with a
ratio of less than 1:1 is considered Over-
Drive. O/D can normally be left ON
except when going up a gradual hill where
the overdrive tends to not give the engine
enough power to maintain a steady
speed. This may cause the transmission
to annoyingly hunt between 3rd and
4th gear. When O/D is switched OFF there
should be a light on the dash board that
says O/D OFF.
O/D OFF essentially suppresses the
automatic shifting on your car, and
lets you use the gears as if it were like a
manual (note, like a manual,, but not
exactly). For instance a vehicle is a 4-gear
auto transmission and have D, 2 and L; so
if the button O/D (switched o) engaged,
L = 1st gear, 2 = 2nd gear, D = 3rd gear,and the 4th gear is only engageable if you
switch the button on. Otherwise each of
these are the highest gear your car will
go in, but it will drop to a lower gear if
necessary. (O/D OFF, and the gear lever is
in 2 position, this will limit you to the 1st
and 2nd gears of your auto transmission)
Instructions on the use of (O/D ON)
1Press the button when passinganother car on the highway. Whenpassing another vehicle in an automatictransmission car, it is sometimes dicult
to get the car to accelerate fast enough.
Try clicking the overdrive button. By
forcing the car into third gear, your
engine will gain more toque and thereby
be better able to accelerate past the
other car.
2Press the button when entering theexpressway. As explained above, thiswill make it easier to eciently accelerate
up to cruising speed.
3 Engage the button when exiting the
expressway. Click the button just as
you turn onto the exit ramp, and let the
engine help slow you down. Brakes have a
greater tendency to overheat when used
at high speed. Using the O/D lockout
button will help to slow you down to alower speed, at which point you can use
your brakes.
4Press the button when going up a long,shallow grade on the expressway. Insuch situation, sometimes the automatic
transmission will fail to shift down soon
enough, causing you to lose power.
Engage the O/D lockout to force the car
into thrid gear.
5Engage the O/D lockout button when
going down a long hill to help keepyou from gaining too much speed. If the
hill is steep, you may even need to shift
the car down into second gear with the
shifter. This will help prevent overheating
your breaks.
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12 ATC NEWSL ETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
The path begins with an open eld
and we walk amongst the herd of
bualoes. The guide insists that
they do not attack as a group but one
should be cautious of a lone bualo for
they are prone to charging and in such
instance one must lie down and not
run away. You cannot outrun a bualo,
he insists. He then ordered us to follow
what he says, as he quotes some statis-
tics indicating that the highest attacks
caused by animal on human are from
bualoes. Our hearts start beat very
fast and our steps become light.
We are group of 13. (Gasto Leseiyo,
Joseph Kotini, David Raymond, Pascal
Jao, Shahzmin Premji, Nichodemus
Msafri, James Mmari, Dotto Joseph,
Fregrence Ngowi, Severino Selestine,
Pole, pole the guide chants as we start our Journey
facing the slopes of Mount Meru. It starts with bualoes;
dark, short and endless captivate stares.
ATCSTAFF
Conquer
Mount Meru
By Gasto Leseiyo
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8/10/2019 ATC- Newsletter Issue 004
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Mzee Makumulo, and Rehemael Anael,
)We call ourselves the winning team
and some of us mock the mountainthat they will climb it for a day instead
of three or four days as we hurry away
from the open eld up a small incline
that is forested and full of mysterious
plants that the guide knows by names,
indicating their usage.
We go through a series of grassy
walkways and forested inclines
and nally encounter a river. The
river runs silently, no sharper
sound to it as what we would ex-
pect of buzzing of the bee. Trees
surrounded the forest, giving it
an indistinct feeling.
STEEPER ROUTE
The route runs steep and our
stories and laughter fade, it
become harder to stare at the
environment and we end up
watching our steps, mindful to
stay on the track and not todeviate into the bush.
As we start to wonder when we shall arrive at the rst Hut
we see a wooden backyard stand peeping above us and we
are relieved. We have reached Miriakamba Hut
As we start to wonder when we shall
arrive at the rst Hut we see a wooden
backyard stand peeping above us andwe are relieved. We have reached Miri-
akamba Hut
DAY 2
The next day we assemble at the start of the
next route we pray and start our next jour-
ney. We climb to the big valley, then up to the
saddle area. Our goal is Saddle Hut. There we
will relax for a while and then continue hiking
up to Little Meru. We stay overnight in Saddle
hut and sleep early because we will get up
again very soon.
We will have hiked about 5 hours and
reached a height of 3570m by the end of the
day.
SUMMIT DAY
We get up at midnight and after a light
breakfast we are ready for our ascent to the
summit. The trail is steep and rocky it will
take us 5-6 hours to reach Meru Peak, the
second highest peak in Tanzania at 4566m.
Finally after, a series of seemingly endless
climbs we nally saw the ag and our energy
was revived.
We thank God for making us reach the Top as
there was no sign of human life and none of
his sounds , except ours, just the sky, the sun,
the sea of cloud under our feet, Mt Kiliman-
jaro to the east and our mountain Meru. See-
ing all these splendid stu; we glorify God for
his wonderful works.
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14 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
ENG. KOTTINI:Automotive dream realized
Q: Tell us about your early life?
A: I was born in 1961 at Nyaburundu village in Musoma,
Mara region. I started standard one- 1972-1978 at
Gongoni Primary School in Tabora. In 1979-1982 I joined
Ifunda Technical Secondary school, a special school by thenwhere I took Mechanical Engineering with specialization in
Automotive Engineering.
In 1983-1986, I joined the then TCA (Now ATC) where I took
Automotive Engineering. In 1986-1987, I joined
JKT at Massange in Tabora for National
Service. Thereafter, I joined TANAPA
as senior Technician in Automotive
Department at Serengeti
National Park in 1987.
In 1989 I rejoined TCA (nowATC) not as a student but
this time as a Grade IIIA
teacher. I went for further
studies i.e. diploma course
in Technical Education at
Dar es Salaam Technical
College (DTC).
Between 1991-1993 I went
to Germany for Advanced
Training in Automotive
Engineering. Upon my returnto Tanzania in 1993, I went to
Complete Diploma in Technical Education at Klerru
Teachers Technical Colle
In 2002-2005, I returned at Dar es Salaam Institute of
Technology (DIT) to take advanced Diploma in Mechanical
Engineering then for Bachelors Degree in Automotive
Engineering at National Transport Institute (NIT) between
2009-2013.
Currently, Im a Workshop Manager in the
Automotive Engineering Department
at Arusha Technical College.
Q2: What are your
tasks at Arusha
Technical College?Im still teaching
at the department
of Automotive,
planning and
s u p e r v i s i n g
all activities at
the Automotive
E n g i n e e r i n g
workshop. Also, I
provide consultancy
services in the automotiveeld at the College.
Eng. Joseph Kottini is one of the alumni of the Arusha Technical Collegeformerly known as Technical College Arusha (TCA). He graduated in 1989 withfull Technician Certicate in Automotive Engineering. Our sta writer GastoLeseiyo interviewed him recently on his experiences at ATC.
Students are making Head Lamps Beamsetter Machine as directed by Eng.
Joseph kottini
SuccessStory
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15October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
Q3: Why did you choose to major in automotive
engineering and NOT in any other technical
discipline?
It is simple. When he was young I was interested
more in cars and my dream was to become a driver. It
reached a point when I was dreaming to make a car that
could y like aero plane. In short I can say automotive
engineering was owing in my blood.
Q4: Have you ever thought of giving up?
In my entire life is all about struggling. Ive never
given up and my above short history can justify what
Im telling you.
Q5: Is there any challenge in your daily activities?
Yes! Managing such a huge automotive workshop
someone has to burn the candle in both ends. It is very
hectic because all students from rst year to third year
need to pass in the automotive workshops for skillsacquirement. But I thank God that I can handle this and
other challenges because at ATC we work as a team.
Q6: A word to students willing to become
automotive engineers
Vehicles need people who are careful because they
carry people and valuable property. Automotive
industry needs youths because it keeps changing
every day due to advancement of technology and other
innovations hence theyve to work hard if they want to
realize their dreams.
Students are setting Dynamic Ignition Timing Using Stroboscope under Supervision of Eng. Joseph Kottini
Students are trained how to use Computerized Diagnostic
Instrument by Eng. Joseph Kottini
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16 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
PictorialThe Vice Presidentof the URT. H.E Dr.
Mohamed Gharib
Bilal greets the
Arusha TechnicalColleges Rector,
Eng. Dr. Richard
Masika on arrival at
Arusha Airport forCAPA International
Conference organized
by ATC November2013. Next him
is Rector of the
National Institute of
Transport (NIT), Eng.Dr. Zacharia M. D.
Mganilwa
Women Sta atArusha Technical
chasing a Hen
during the ATC
Family day held June2014 at the college
Campus
Two JICA Irrigation
Advisors from Arusha
Technical College (ATC)
Mr. Kakashi Katsumiand Nobuyoshi Fujiwara
looking at the Soil
samples taken from theBore hore site at ATCO-
ljoro Irrigation Training
Farm. Standing Looking
is the Deputy HoD of CivilMr.Humuri K. Haymale
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17October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
Corner
The Electrical Engineering Department (EED) Sta celebrate with their fellow sta
David Mangehe after beating the Mechanical Engineering Department during the
ATC Family Bonaza held June 2014. The EED emerging the Overall winner of theDepartmental Football Competition
Deputy Rector
Academics, Research
and Consultancy, Eng.
Dr. Masudi Senzia giveshis closing remarks at
during the closing of the
Entrepreurship Course
conducted to ATC Staorganized by PUM
Arusha Technical College
Female Sta carry a
Banner with a theme
Chochea Mabadilikokuleta uswa wa Kijinsia
to mark InternationalWomens Day on 8th
March, 2014.
ATC- Sta Football Team
pose for group photo
during the AUWSABonanza held at General
Tyre grounds recently. ATC
beats Arusha All Stars 3-2
Dr. Odongo Odiyo, from
Central and Southern
Africa Health Community,Delivering a Public
Lecture on Cancer to
Arusha Technical CollegeStudents during the Cancer
Awareness Month on 3rd
October, 2014
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18 ATC NEWSL ETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
Higher learning education institu-
tions in Tanzania have the role to
produce specialists of dierent
elds. Moreover, the institutions have
great chances to solve various challeng-
es that face this nation. For this reason,
Arusha Technical College (ATC) has suc-
cessfully used skills and knowledge of its
students and their lecturers to innovate
simple technologies to solve the elec-
tricity shortage in rural setting.
Engineer Urbanus Melkior is the Head
of Electricity Engineering Department
at the College who believes that if stu-
dents and their academicians work to-
gether they can solve the electricity
problem facing many villages in Tanza-
nia. In translating this idea into reality,
the engineer says that, ATC has come
up with a simple machine for produc-
ing electricity which has been branded
as Mini hydro Turbines. The good news
about this technology is that, amid the
shortage of water on the earth surface,
it uses very little water to generate pow-
er!
Cross ow turbine Runner fabricated
at ATC Mechanical Engineering Work-
shop
In the year 2011 there was a
great power blackout. It
was a time when people
Could stay for up to
11 hours with no
electricity. This
was actually
what made
us to think
about the
solution for
this prob-
lem, says
the Head.
Explaining
the process-
es that ena-
bled this idea
to materialize,
Eng. Melkior says
his Department in
collaboration withMechanical Engineer-
ing Department managed
to come up with the ma-
chine which was installed at
Makumira in Arumeru district.
The Mini hydro Turbines, ac-
cording to Eng. Melkior, can
produce electricity using little
water. To assure how eective
the technology is, estimated 20
households are beneciaries ofthis simple technology.
What we are doing is to Construct the
machine and install where there is a
need. After that, we handover to the vil-
lagers to operate and maintain it, he
adds.
After installing the machine, the next
activity is to let water enter in it or re-
duce water from it. Also the care taker of
machine should make sure that the fric-
tion part of machine is lubricated. Any-
body can do this works, he explains.
Apart from Makumira, other areas
ATC COMES WITHAFFORDABLEhydro-power generator
In the year 2011 there was a great power blackout. It
was a time when people Could stay for up to 11 hours
with no electricity. This was actually what made us to
think about the solution for this problem,
The Prime of the URT, Hon. Mizengo Pinda receives explanation from Arusha Technical Colleges Sta,
Frank Moshi (1st left) on how the Min-hydro Turbine works when he visited the College 2011. Behind
the Prime Minister is the Arusha Regional Commissioner, Hon. Magesa Stanslaus Mulongo.
By Gasto Leseiyo
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19October - March 2014 ATC NEWS LETTER
where such technology is installed are
Morogoro, Iringa , Katavi, Njombe and
Ruvuma.
A Min- hydropower Turbine designed by
ATC under Performance test
The motive behind
The innovation of the machine
which has proved to be more
economical for the
lower income com-
munities in the
rural setting
has motivat-
ed students
to invent
variety of
technolo-
gies pur-posely to
help the
so ciet y .
In our
d e p a r t -
ment, we
have 18
s t u d e n t s
who have
chosen to be-
come innovators.After class hours,
they remain at the
workshop, scratching
their heads to come up with
something tangible that can
help the community, says the
engineer.
He adds, now they have in-
vented the device that can kill
mosquitoes, device for searching
minerals and a simple technol-ogy for producing chickens.
The Head of Department believes that
students are doing great because they
have been given freedom. When the
freedom is used eectively, something
great can be invented; indeed the ATC
students are devoted to do so for the
communitys betterment.
Engineer Melkior went on explaining
the plans to encourage innovation in
Electrical Engineering Department by
saying, since the beginning of this se-
mester, every student is required to in-
novate anything that when sold, can
cover all cost of his/her tuition fees.
According to him, this initiative will not
only help students while they are at the
campus but also after their studies atATC. The innovation spirit, according to
the academician, will refute the mindset
of most of graduates that employment
is everything and embark on self-em-
ployment because they can innovate.
A Min- hydropower Turbine designed by ATC under Performance test
Cross -ow turbine Runner fabricated
at ATC Mechanical Engineering
Workshop
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20 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
Mr. Seba A. Magingahas
joined ATC as Instructor Iin Automotive Engineering
Department
Ms. Mbula B. Kidesuhas
Joined ATC as InstructorII in the AutomotiveEngineering Department
Anold Selemanhas joined
ATC as Instructor I in theICT Department
John P. Gunda has joined
ATC as Instructor II in theAutomotive EngineeringDepartment
John Mwita Mgogehas
joined ATC as TutorialAssistant in the GeneralStudies Department
Michael Shundihas joined
ATC as Instructor I in theElectrical EngineeringDepartment
Juma Saidhas joined ATC
as Tutorial Assistant in theTransportation EngineeringDepartment
Kefa G.Mkongwahas
joned ATC as AssistantLecturer in the ElectricalEngineering Department
Sithole E. Mwakatagehas
joined ATC as AssistantLecturer in the electricalengineering Department
Ally M. Nguluguluhas
joined ATC as InstructorII in the ElectricalEngineering Department
Elineema W. Msuyahas
joined ATC as TutorialAssistant in the CivilEngineering Department
Kanyika C. Lusato has
joined ATC as TutorialAssistant in the Civilengineering Department
John C. Kisirihas joined
ATC as Instructor II in theICT Department
Juma P. Kasekwahas
joined ATC as InstructorII in the ElectricalEngineering Department
Labani M. Kanyongahas
joined ATC as Tutorialassistant in the GeneralStudies Department
Ambrose Ghwangahas
joined ATC as tutorialAssistant in the GeneralStudies Department
Bahati Kamwelahas
joined ATC as Instructor IIin the ICT Department
Kastuli J. Lulu has joined
ATC as Game Tutor Iin the AdministrationDepartment
Lufunyo Lupenzahas
Joined ATC as tutorialAssistant in the ElectricalEngineering Department
Cyliacus Selestinehas
joined ATC as TutorialAssistant in the CivilEngineering Department
Deus Michael has joined
ATC as Tutorial Assistantin the Civil EngineeringDepartment
Said Issa has joined ATC
as Tutorial Assistant inthe Civil EngineeringDepartment
Kelvin O. Sangahas joined
ATC as Internal Auditor
Bahati Samwel Sullehas
joined ATC as InstructorII in the TransportationEngineering Department
Castory A. Mkumba
has joined ATC asSenior Instructor I in theAutomotive EngineeringDepartment
NEW EMPLOYEES AT ATC
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21October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
Sospeter I. Isambula has
joined ATC as InstructorI in the General StudiesDepartment
Peter Simalikehas joined
ATC as Instructor I in theICT Department
Baraka G. Mtakati has
joined ATC as tutorialAssistant in the ICTDepartment
Sadati Abdallahhas joined
ATC as Senior Estate Ocer
Augustino Roberthas
joined ATC as SeniorProcurement& LogisticsOcer II
William Mpepo has joined
ATC as Senior PlanningOcer
Masudi Mbelwahas joined
ATC as Technician I in theElectrical EngineeringDepartment
ATC MOURNS DISEASEDSTAFF
Mr. Said H. Bungarais currently PursuingMasters Degree inStructural Engineeringat the University of Dares Salaam. Mr. Bungaraholds a BSc. In Civil andStructural Engineeringfrom University of Dar esSalaam
Mr. Halidini H. Sarakikyais currently pursuing PhDin Sustainable EnergyEngineering at the JomoKenyatta Universityof Agriculture andTechnology. Mr. Sarakikyaholds a Masters Degree inElectrical Power Systems
and High Voltage from theUniversity of Dar es Salaam
Mr. Rustus Asseycurrentlypursuing PhD in ComputerScience at the University
of Dodoma. Mr. Asseyholds a Masters degree inComputer Science fromthe University of Pune-India
Mr. Moses Kirumbi iscurrently Pursuing MastersDegree in sustainableEnergy, Science andEngineering at the NelsonMandela Institute ofScience and Technology
Mr. Victor Meena iscurrently pursuing PhD inConstruction Managementat the Jomo KenyattaUniversity of Agricultureand Technology. Mr. Meenaa holds Masters degree inProject Management
Mr. Bovia Edwiniscurrently PursuingBachelors Degree in
Automotive engineeringat the National Institute ofTransport.
Mr. Shomari Hassan isnow the New Head of CivilEngineering Departmentwith eect from 1stFebruary 2014
Mr. Sebastian Qanne Slaais now the head of GeneralStudies Department witheect from 12thFebruary2014
Mr. Humuri K. Haymaleis now the Deputy Headof Civil Engineering
Responsible for Civil andIrrigation EngineeringProgram with eect from1stFebruary 2014.
Mr. Josephat D. Sengurahas been appointed asCoordinator in- charge forEntrepreneurship Centerwith eect from 13thMarch, 2014.
STAFF DEVELOPMENT APPOINTMENTS
Mr. Nzoshe A. Barakais currently PursuingMasters Degree in Life andEnvironmental Science atuniversity of Tsukuba inJapan.
The late DanielMsuliche
Arusha TechnicalCollege (ATC) sta wererecently faced withshock when one of theColleague passed awayleaving them with SadMemories.
This is Mr. DanielMsulichewho passedaway on 24thApril2013 in a fatefulRoad Accident. Thelate Msuliche wasTechnician in theAutomotive Engineering
Department.
May his Soul Rest inEternal Peace!
Contd pg 22>>>
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22 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
Ms. Donatha Mwasehas been appointedas Coordinator forEntrepreneurship Centerwith eect from 13thMarch, 2014.
Pascal Jaohas beenappointed as StudentsLoan Ocer with eectfrom 1stJanuary 2014
Mr. Athumani Omarihasbeen appointed as DeputyHead of General StudiesDepartment with eectfrom 29thAugust 2014.
Mr. Seba A. Magingahas been appointed asDeputy Head of ContinuingEducation Departmentwith eect from 29thAugust 2014.
Humor
Three Engineers
There are three engineers in a car: an electrical engineer, a chemical
engineer and a Microsoft engineer. Suddenly the car engine shuts o,
leaving the three engineers stranded by the side of the road. All three
engineers looked at each other wondering what could be wrong. Theelectrical engineer suggests stripping down the electronics of the car and
trying to trace where the fault might have occurred.
The chemical engineer, not knowing much about cars, suggests that
maybe the fuel is becoming emulsied and getting blocked somewhere.
Then, the Microsoft engineer, not knowing much about anything, comes
up with a suggestion, Why don`t we close all the windows, get out, get back
in, open the windows again, and maybe it`ll work!?
An Engineer and a Lawyer
An engineer and a lawyer attended an interview separately. The
Engineer was asked:
If ten men cleared one hectare of land in ten hours how many hours would
ve men require clearing the same piece of land?
The engineer answered: If ten men cleared one hectare for ten hours,
then one man would re quire 10 X 10 hours. Therefore ve men
would require 10x10 divided by 5 i.e 20hours.
The lawyer was asked the same
question and he answered: If ten
men cleared one hectare of land for ten
hours, then there would be no piece of
land for any man to clear. Therefore ve men would
require zero hour.
Sto ies
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23October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
By Gasto Leseiyo
The Automotive Engineering Department has won the 2014 Inter-Departmetal Sports Competition Cup after 3-1 win
over Mechanical engineering Department in the nal at ATC sports ground.
AVITH SCORES THRICE AS AUTOMOTIVE LIFT
2014 INTER-DEPARTMENTAL SPORTS CUP
The Automotive
EngineeringDepartment Staf
and students in
a Joyous Mode
after winning the2014 Inter-
Departmental Cup
Best Player, Avith
Kandubuka(left),
receives his prizefrom the Arusha
Technical Colleges
Rector, Dr. RichardMasika (right)
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24 ATC NEWSLETTER OCTOBER -MARCH 2014
The Automotive forward Avith
Kandubuka was Departmentals
hero, after netting unforgettable
hat-trick against Mechanical Engineer-
ing Department team to bring his team a
trophy for the rst time.
He started his scoring mission against
Mechanical Department in the rst
half after scoring two goals to give the
Mechanical goalkeeper Amadeus Shoo
No chance.
Mechanical scorer Johannes Jonas
continued to torment the automotive
deference, but to no avail, cheered on by
the home fans, Avith made it 3-1in the
second half with a good ground shot.
I am so happy to score three goals in the
tournament and lead automotive team
to victory Avith told the reporter afterthe nal Match.
It had taken Automotive team many
years to win the Inter-Departmental
sports Competition organized each year
by College Management, a point the
Department Head was aware of. This is
great and I praise the players for the job
well done said Mr. Abdu Semvua
The second winner, the Mechanical engineering Department receives goat Prize
Contd from pg 23
I am so happy to score threegoals in the tournament andlead automotive team tovictory
The Champion,the Automotive
Engineering
Department
prizes
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25October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
ATC FIRST BATCH 2013
Cyliacus Selestine
Julius Malimbwi
Jefta Julius
John Stephano
Ahmad Kivambe
Juma A. Foum
Musa S.Kupaza
Lupyana Haule
Marichela Maisha
Maxmillian Joseph
Mohamed Ulenga
Nehemiah Chacha
Philemon John
Saidi Issa
Salvatory E.Matemu
Solomon Raphaely
BACHELORS DEGREE IN CIVIL AND IRRIGATION ENGINEERING
There is no doubt that, water has be-
come a very crucial element vital to
life on earth. Every farmer, weather
small-scale or larger- scale knows quite
well that if there is no water, there are no
plants growing and so there is no food.
Water is therefore an essential resource to
farmers. Its management to a great extent
determines how successful a farming
enterprise is or can be. Many farmers inTanzania and Arusha in particular depend
on rain to satisfy the water requirements of
their farms.
Unfortunately due to the climatic changes
fuelled by global warming, this rainfall is
often low, erratic and unreliable and since
water availability is the limiting factor
to plant growth. Indeed, this is a time
farmers get involved into alternative way
to minimize risks on rain-fed agriculture.
More and more farmers need to be aware
of these problems and installing irrigation
systems on their farms.
The most reliable and more economical
irrigation technology is Drip Irrigation, a
highly ecient way to water; it saves time
and helps to conserve precious supplies
of clean water. Studies show that a well-
designed drip system uses at least 30
percent and in some cases 50 percent
less water than other methods of watering
such as sprinkling. This is because a drip
Irrigation system delivers water directly to
the root zone of the plant, where it seeps
slowly, into the soil, one drop at a time.
Almost no water is lost through surface
runo or evaporation and soil particles
have plenty of opportunity to absorb and
hold water for plants. It also means very few
nutrients leach down beyond the reach of
the plant roots.
Furthermore, since drip irrigation delivers
water directly to the plant less water is
wasted on weeds. The water surfaces
between the plants also remain drier, which
discourages weed seeds from sprouting.
DRIP IRRIGATION:every drop countsWillison Munenwa
Fredy Edwin Mboye
Goodluck Swai
Chagula J Mihayo
Asmin Turra
By Gasto Leseiyo
Contd pg 25>>>
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27October - March 2014 ATC NEWSLETTER
By Urbanus Melkior
National Council for Technical Edu-
cation (NACTE) has so far regis-
tered 323 technical institutions
which oer technical skills from NTA level
4 to 8. These institutions have developed
their own curriculum after conducting
situation analysis for the skills that will be
oered.
Also NACTE validates the curricular
as well as recognizing the capacity for
these technical institutions in running
the programs. Furthermore, Ministry of
Education and Vocation Training, through
its directorate of Vocational Training, has
so far registered 819 both public and
private VET providers.
Most of these technical and VET
(TVET) institutions have workshops
and laboratories which were equipped
in 1990s. Today there is a number of
advancement in technology with more
less or no investment in workshops and
laboratories training facilities which
resulted in the production of graduates
with skill gaps. The skill gaps force our
graduates to seek jobs rather than
creating jobs for others, consequentlyresulting to unemployment situation for
the most of them.
Tanzania is losing large amount of
domestic revenue due to importation of
substandard and counterfeit products.
Popular counterfeit products include
cloths, mobile phones, building material
and foot-wear. Others that may be
harmful as recognized worldwide are
human and veterinary pharmaceuticals,
electrical goods, specialized technical
items and components, cosmetics, eye-
wear including sunglasses. Most of these
counterfeit products are not necessarily
imported but can be fabricated in the
country only if the TVET institutions train
using high Tech training facilities as well
as researching on small machines which
should increase employment in terms of
value addition to products.
As trained and skilled TVET graduates
Role of technical institutions inpromoting innovations
migrate from rural to urban area each year
the production in the area declined. Also
the products produced are not processed
(Value added) hence are sold at a low
price which cannot meet production cost
leaving rural residents in poverty.
The Government through TVET has
to do research on small machines like
packaging machines, milling machines,
milk and food processors, shoes making,
and others for value addition to farm
products. These value addition machines
have to be installed at least at district level
for value addition creating employment
hence stopping migration of people from
rural to urban and increase income from
agricultural products.
Further to that, TVET institutionshave to train the graduates on Biogas
technology. The Government has to
promote it by paying construction
cost while the farmers have to buy
construction material. These will attract
the TVET graduate to go back to their
villages promoting biogas technology as
the major source of energy for lighting
and cooking and income generation to
them. These will save sources of water
and forest hence conserving the nature
(no one will cut trees for lighting and
cooking).
Female Student from Transportation Engineering
in Practical session of class hours
Female Student in the Mechanical Engineering Workshop
In the Science Laboratory
-
8/10/2019 ATC- Newsletter Issue 004
28/28
Solar Power in
TANZANIA:Engine for people centered economyL
ife without electricity might feel like
prophetic relation or so called the
end time scenario or to the end of the
world in general, but for those living in rural
Tanzania it is a fact of everyday life. Accord-
ing to Ministry of Energy gures of February,
2014, only 24% of the Tanzania population
has access to electricity, rural areas are vir-tually disconnected from the National grid.
As we know, for any development to take
place electricity is very important and
the evidence is before our eyes every
day. Business requires a steady supply of
energy to produce goods and services
electricity allows school children to study
after sun set and hospitals need it to save
lives. Insucient or irregular energy supply
is associated with signicant economic
cost for business and households. Lack ofaccess to clean energy also creates myriad
of health and environmental hazards
such indoor pollution from cooking on
traditional open- re stoves and
deforestation.
BENEFIT OF SOLAR
POWER:
Solar energy can be
well established
in many ruralareas and can be
used for power generation, water heating,
detoxication, telecommunications and
transport at an industrial level; water
pumping, vaccine refrigeration and
electrication; lighting, cooking and
running of modern appliances at domesticlevel.
With the potential to enhance both
social and economic aspects of village
life in remote areas, rural solar
electrication faces very
dierent challenges
to those faced by
urban projects. Food
preservation and
pumping systems
reduce hunger andimprove access
to safe drinking
the range of economical applications for
solar water pumps, enabling farmers to
irrigate crops.
Following successful implementation, solar-
powered lighting enables shopkeepers to
conduct business for longer time without
resorting to dangerous, naked-ame
light sources. Schools and clinics can run
refrigeration and telecommunications.
Rural electrication means that residents
can safely gather during the hours of
darkness and children can study longer.
Communities can power perimeter security
and support emergency medical care.
Workshops, small scale industry can be built
as a result of increasing job opportunities
in the rural setting. This can however
avert the current rural-urban migration
trend because young people who majority
are unemployed in urban can stay in their
respective areas and engage in production.
Trac lights power by Solar power
Solar power for
charging cell phone
in rural Africa
A Customer enjoying the
extension of productivehours with solar lighting
By Gasto Leseiyo