AthensAthensNortheast of SpartaNortheast of SpartaAthens was named for the goddess AthenaAthens was named for the goddess Athena
ParthenonParthenon• Temple dedicated to Athena
• Built between 447 and 432 B.C.
• Represented the power and wealth of the
Athenian Empire • Located on the Athenian acropolis
A Budding DemocracyA Budding Democracy
600s B.C.- Early Athens was ruled by landowning nobles • Only adult male citizens took part in public life
• Women, slaves, and foreign residents had no
political power
AthensAthens
• The economy was largely based on agriculture and tradeo grains, vegetables, fruito grapes and olives were to make wine and olive oilo raised sheep and goats for wool and dairy products
• Most farmers owed the nobles money
• Many sold themselves into slavery to pay their debts
• Athenians began to rebel against the nobles
• Farmers demanded an end to all debts, along with
land for the poor
What was life in What was life in AthensAthens like? like?
For Girls- At home:• Spinning• Weaving• Household duties
Some wealthy families paid for their daughters tolearn to read, write, and play the lyre.
What was life in What was life in AthensAthens like? like?
For Boys- Athenian Schools taught:• Reading • Writing• Arithmetic• Sports• Singing• Lyre
Boys finished school at age 18 and became citizens.
OlympicsOlympics• Only men could participate in and view the
Olympic games • Athletes competed by themeselves, not as part of
a team • Contests included running, jumping, wrestling,
and boxing • Winning athletes won a crown of olive leaves and
brought glory to his city
SolonSolon
594 B.C.- the nobles trusted Solon and turned to him for help Solon made several changes: • Canceled all the farmers' debts• Freed those who became slaves• Allowed all male citizens to particpate in the
assembly and law courts
PeisistratusPeisistratus
560 B.C.- After solon, Peisistratus seized power He won the support of the poor by: • Dividing large estates among landless
farmers• Loaning money to the poor • Giving jobs to the poor, such as building
temples
CleisthenesCleisthenes
508 B.C. - Cleisthenes came to power • Created a new council of 500 citizens to
help the assembly • Assembly members had new powers
- they could debate matters openly - hear court cases - appoint army generals
Persian War
Who Sparta and Athens VS Persia
What Joined forces of Sparta and Athens
Where Athens, Marathon, Salamis, Platea, Thermopylie
When 1st attack: 490bc; led by Darius 2nd attack: 480 bc; led by Xerxes
Why Persian control of Greece
Sparta
Joined forces with Athens
Sent soldiers to fight
Battle of Thermopylie war tactics to give advantage to Sparta with less soldiers.
Battle of Salamis
Strategy for victory: Destroy the enemy
Athens
Battle of Marathon
Battle of Plataea
Strategy for victory: work as a group.
Persian War
Delian LeagueDelian League
Who Athens and Greek city-states
What A group that promised to defend its member against the Persians.
Where Island of Delos
When 479bc
Why After the Persian War, the people of Greece wanted to keep their lands free of invaders.
The Age of PericlesThe Age of Pericles
• 461bc
• Expansion of territory
• Peak of creativity, learning, politics and economy. • Funeral Oration
• Concept of citizenship
• Direct democracy
"Athens is the school of Greece"
The Peloponnesian WarThe Peloponnesian War
Who Sparta VS Athens
What The Peloponnesian War Named for Sparta's location in Peloponnesus.
Where Peloponnesus: Sparta, Athens, Crete, Coast of Aegean Sea
When 431-404 BCE
Why? Sparta and neighboring city states were jealous and suspicious of the wealth of Athens.
Sparta431BC Army surrounds Athens on land.
Still could not defeat Athens.
Deal with Persia: Money to fund shipbuilding in exchange for Greek territory in Asia Minor.
405BC Navy destroys that of Athens and proceed to invade the city.
AthensCitizens are called to live within the city walls, for protection, until the fighting has ended.Utilize Navy to deliver supplies.Lost in hand-to-hand combat.
Disease and over crowding removed 1/3 of the population.429BC Pericles dies of disease.
404BC Athens surrenders to Sparta
Peloponnesian War
Year 1
Year 2
25 year standoff
The Peloponnesian WarThe Peloponnesian WarPericles gives his famous speech, "The Funeral Oration".
He addresses and acknowledges the citizens Athens and reminds them of the power they hold in their own government.
Pericles encourages the people of Athens to uphold their democratic social order and take pride in their system and what it represents.
Pericles has pride in his country and wants to
encourage his fellow Athenians to keep their heads up after one year of war has concluded.