Download - Basic Listening Skills 0011
BASIC LISTENING SKILLS
Done by: Abderrahim BOUMAIT Elmahfoud AACHARI Lahcen AIT LEMOUDEN Supervised by: Dr. Nezha BELKACHLA
Plan: Introduction Definition Part one: Basic communication skills profile Meaning Fallacies about listening Stages of the listening process Barriers to active listening Part two: Types of listening How to be an effective listener Improving listening comprehension Listening to structured talks Intensive listening Purpose of the speaker and signal phrases Logical connectors and transitional signals
Part three: Effective note making and its purposes Sequence Physical factors Pre and while note making The ten commandments Conclusion
Verbal or non-verbal communication to a person or group providing information as to how their behavior is affecting or influencing you.
Basic Communication Skills Profile
________________________________________________Communication Order Learned Extent Used Extent Taught____________________________________________
Listening First First Fourth
Speaking Second Second Third Reading Third Third
Second Writing Fourth Fourth First
Meaning
Listening Is With The Mind Hearing With The Senses Listening Is Conscious. An Active Process Of Eliciting
Information Ideas, Attitudes And Emotions Interpersonal, Oral Exchange
Fallacies about Listening Listening is not my problem! Listening and hearing are the same Good readers are good listeners Smarter people are better listeners Listening improves with age Learning not to listen Thinking about what we are going to say rather than
listening to a speaker Talking when we should be listening Hearing what we expect to hear rather than what is
actually said Not paying attention: ( preoccupation, prejudice, self-centeredness, stero-type) Listening skills are difficult to learn
Stages of the Listening Process
Hearing Focusing on the message Comprehending and interpreting Analyzing and Evaluating Responding Remembering
Barriers to Active Listening
Environmental barriers Physiological barriers Psychological barriers Selective Listening Negative Listening Attitudes Personal Reactions Poor Motivation
Types of Listening
Informative Listening Vocabulary Concentration Memory
Relationship Listening Attending Supporting Empathizing
Appreciative Listening Presentation Perception Previous experience
Types of Listening
Critical ListeningEthos LogosPathos
Discriminative ListeningHearing Ability Awareness of Sound Structure Integration of non-verbal cues
How to Be an Effective Listener
What You Think about Listening ?
Understand the complexities of listeningPrepare to listenAdjust to the situationFocus on ideas or key pointsCapitalize on the speed differentialOrganize material for learning
How to Be an Effective Listener
What You Feel about Listening ?
Want to listenDelay judgmentAdmit your biasesDon’t tune out “dry” subjectsAccept responsibility for understandingEncourage others to talk
How to Be an Effective Listener
What You Do about Listening :
Establish eye contact with the speakerTake notes effectivelyBe a physically involved listenerAvoid negative mannerismsExercise your listening musclesFollow the Golden Rule
Improving Listening Comprehension
Listening comprehension is the act of understanding an oral message.
It involves speech decoding, comprehending, and oral discourse analysis.
Listening to structured talksPre-listening analysis-determining the purpose, knowing your speaker.
Predicting about the content of a verbal message.
Using background knowledge
Intensive Listening1. Listening to the introduction:
What is the position, knowledge, background, experience of the speaker?What is his credibility?What is the overall purpose of the talk?What is the central idea or theme?What does the speaker intend to do?What are the main points of the talk?
Intensive listening
2. Listening to the Body:
Contains the main message-pay attentionConcentrate on verbal signposts.Recognize main supporting details of the oral messageConcentrate on visual aids.
Intensive Listening3. Listening to the conclusion:
Understand the main themes of the verbal message.Recognize the speaker's focus of the talk.Concentrate on what the speaker wants the listener's to do, or remember.
Purpose of the speaker and
Signal phrases
Purpose of the speaker
Signal phrases
* Introduces a topic Today, I'd like to talk about…, What I am going to discuss is…
* Develops an idea If we critically examine the situation.., The most significant point is…
* Emphasizes a point I am sure you will agree with me.., I'd like to emphasize..
* Contrasts several ideas On the other hand., In contrast,…
* Shows transition of ideas
My next point is…
* Concludes Finally.., I'd like to sum up
Logical Connectors and
Transitional Signals
Purpose of the speaker
Logical connectors
Adds a point Moreover, in additioncompares Similarly, likewisecontrasts In contrast, However,
Shows segmentation
Right, OK, And, Now, That`s all
Exemplifies In other words, For instanceTemporal Eventually, For the time being,
BeforeExplains Therefore, Thus
Effective Note Making
Note making is a skill:
Most people feel deficient It can be learned This takes understanding of what
you're doing It takes practice, which involves
effort
Effective Note Making
Note making is difficult because:
Spoken language is more diffuse than written
Speaker's organization is not immediately apparent
Immediate feedback seldom occurs Spoken language is quickly gone This makes analysis difficult
Five purposes for note making:
Provides a written record for review Provides a definite, limited learning task Forces you to pay attention Requires organization, and active effort
on the part of the listener Listener must condense and rephrase,
which aids understanding
Sequence
Listen and focus on meaning Evaluate what is being said Is it relevant to your purpose? What are
the high points? Record the information Make use of it
Physical factors
Seating Near the front and center - easier to see and hear Avoid distractions - doorways, windows, glare;
friends, foes
Materials Loose leaf notebook: lies flat - organization and
additions are easier Two pens, wide-lined, easy-eye paper; use dividers Course, date, and topic clearly labeled
Before taking notes - PREVIEW
Prepare yourself mentally - What do you need to get out of this?
Review notes from last time and homework. Nail your attention down tight.
Review the outline from your reading assignment
While taking notes Be an aggressive, not a passive,
listener Jot questions in your notes Do you believe what you're hearing?
What do you believe? Seek out meanings. Look for
implications beyond what is being said.
Relate the material to your other classes and your life outside of school.
Generate enthusiasm and interest Increased knowledge results in increased
interest A clear sense of purpose on your part will
make the course content more relevant Acting as if you are interested can help Don't let the personality or mannerisms of
a speaker put you off Be ready to understand and remember Anticipate the next step and compare
what you've guessed with what happens
Get Involved!
Tune-in, look, listen for clues: Tone or gesture of Professor Repetition; cue words: "remember!" Notice what conflicts with your current
opinions They are harder to understand and rememberKeep thinking... Look for emerging patterns Write questions in margins to be answered later
While taking notes
Don't try for a verbatim transcript Get all of the main ideas. Record some details. illustrations,
implications, etc.
Leave plenty of wide space for later additions - underscore or star major points
Note speaker's organization of material
Organization aids memory Organization indicates gaps when they occur -
you fill in later Be accurate Listen carefully to what is being said Pay attention to qualifying words like:
sometimes, usually, rarely, etc. Notice signals that a change of direction is
coming: but, however, on the other hand
Develop a shorthand of your own Jot down words or phrases; use
contractions and abbreviations.
Leave out small service words, use symbols: +, =,&, ~)
Try to get the hang of listening and writing at the same time.
You may practice listening to the news on
TV and taking notes
Bear in mind that:
We forget 50% of what we hear immediately, two days later, another 25% is gone.
THE TEN COMMANDMENTS – KEITH DAVIS
Stop Talking. Put The Talker At Ease. Show Him That You Want To Listen. Remove Distractions. Empathize With Him. Be Patient. Hold Your Temper. Go Easy On Arguments And Criticism. Ask Questions. Stop Talking!
Thank you
References:www.englishtips.orgwww.library.nuJeremy harmer “ How to
teach Englih”Dennis M. kratz and Abby R. Kratz
“Effective listening skills”