BG
7 & 8471.23
Fall 2015
Friday’s meeting
Your thoughts? What can we learn? Now what?
• Keewatin Tribal Council
Impact of Federalism
both fed & prov govts have rights• tax
producers consumers
• regulate varies
Impact of Federalism
govts vary in willingness to act• business community
• public
• political philosophy
Constitution
British North America act• 1867
repatriation• 1982
Meech Lake• 1987
Constitution
different from US• more powers to govt
feds dominant
» increasingly reluctant to use powers
• no separation of powers
• not sacred no “originalism”
court powerful• much less controversial
Constitution
feds• POGG clause
• trade
• commerce
• unemployment insurance
• monetary system
• commercial standards
• incorporation
Constitution
prov• can’t levy duties on imports
• free mobility
• own natural resources w/i borders
• tax ind & corp
• business interests
Constitution
business• through courts
ultra vires
• process “pretend” issue is division of powers form alliance w/ one attack other
• result constrain both
» erode the “positive state”
property rights
due process
Fed/Prov/Bus
older: Nickel business wanted tariff
• feds said no
• prov (Ontario) persuaded then backed off
» business lobbying
fed
prov bus
Fed/Prov/Bus
less old: Energy fight over tax revenues
• effects tax deductions where refineries located price consumers pay exports competitor
fed
prov bus
Fed/Prov/Bus
newer: Potash fight over right of regulation
• effects ownership ownership constraints
fed
prov bus
goes both ways
Fed/Prov/Bus
newest: pipelines feds & business float
multiple options NGOs & first nations get
involved early• effects
provinces fight amongst themselves
everything more complicated feds & business may have
more “freedom”
fed
prov bus
NGOs(mainly enviro
Groups)first
nations
prov
prov
prov
Fed/Prov/Bus
now• negotiation after court decisions
• reluctance to use power
• support favoured over regulation taxation
• progress on interprov barriers
• prov’s becoming more similar
fed
prov bus
Interprov barriers
who needs tariffs when you have: procurement investment labour mobility measures & standards ag & food alcohol taxation
natural resources processing
energy communications transportation environmental
protection
Interprov differences
transfers regional economic devt willingness to tax preferences
• public ownership of utilities
• Que vs. Alta
• Ont vs. Que vs. NS
Positive state
Nova Scotia
relocation incentives• Michelin Tire
• Volvo
• Litton
sales tax exemptions• machinery
• equipment used in R&D
manpower training government
procurement
Nova Scotia Research Foundation
Venture Capital Program
Industrial Estates Ltd Sydney Steel
• DEVCO
• Canadian National
Interprov differences
transfers regional economic devt willingness to tax preferences
• public ownership of utilities
• Que vs. Alta
• Ont vs. Que vs. NS
Maybe not enough difference?
Political instability
separatism• business as “ballast”
• Meech Lake
conflict• “capital strike” in Alta
Political power
taxes incentives
• jobs
• land & infrastructure
• investment
• grants
labour codes access philosophy
Political Analysis for Business
Baron
ch 6
public policy
Structured Pluralism
public policy analysis
policy interests
constituent interests
Firm
politicallyrelevant
informationtechnically relevant information
Interests
Interests
3 meanings those with a stake in an issue
• individuals
• firms
• organizations
the magnitude of their stakes what those stakes are
interestgroups
organized
not organized
Predicting nonmarket action
strength likelihood effectiveness
Predicting nonmarket action
strength• aggregate benefits to interest group
• benefit to member of group
• alternate routes
Predicting nonmarket action
strength likelihood
• costs
• estimated effectiveness
Predicting nonmarket action
strength likelihood effectiveness
• interest group members # skill access distribution resources “rationality” agreement
Predicting nonmarket action
strength likelihood effectiveness
• interest group members
• opposition
• “cultural resonance”
Wilson-Lowi Matrix
BENEFITS
concentrated distributed
HA
RM
S
concentrated
interest group
politicsentrepreneurial
politics
distributed
client
politics
majoritarian
politics