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Big Game Most big game species underwent population fluctuations since European settlement, with often critically low numbers in late 1800’s early 1900’s, with some recovery since then
Many occur now only in fragments of their historic ranges,
Some have local populations high enough to cause environmental damage
For all species, human-wildlife interactions are increasingly key to population health and survival
Increasing need to think in terms of populations rather than species
10 Big Game species in AZ
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ElkIssues: Overabundance and Ecological ImpactsPredator Interactions (Yellowstone)Vehicular collisions
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White-tailed deerIssues: Overabundance/Ecological EffectsManaging urban pops
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Mule deerIssues:Declining populations nationwide
Black tailed deer
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Javelina (collared peccary)Issues:Human-wildlife interactionsDecline outside US
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Pronghorn
Issues:Grazing vs predation in declining popsHabitat fragmentation (fences,
highways, development)Sonoran pronghorn recovery
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Desert bighorn
Rocky Mountain Bighorn
BighornIssues:Maintaining isolated small popsCorridors?
Dall sheep
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BisonIssues: Brucellosis in Yellowstone herd
Native to AZ and fate of House Rock herd?
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PumaIssues: Human-Puma interactionsEstimating pop sizeRecovery of Florida Panther
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Black bearIssues:Bear-human interactionsMethods of take
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Wild turkeyIssues:Expansion and maintenance of populations
Male display
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Caribou
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Moose
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Mountain goat
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Abert (tassel-eared) squirrel
Red squirrel
Az grey squirrel Cottontail rabbit
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Mearn’s (harlequin) quail
Scaled quail
Gambel’s quail
Bobwhite quail
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Chukar
Ring-necked pheasant
Introduced game birds
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Blue grouse – High elevation
Ptarmigan - High elevation RockiesAlaska, Canada
Ruffed grouse – deciduous forests of N and NE
Native grouse and ptarmigan
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Sharp-tailed grouse – High plains, Dakotas, Nebraska, etc
LesserPrairieChicken
Plains states
Sage grouse - sage brush areas of western states
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Mourning dove
Band-tailed pigeon
White-winged dove
Collared DoveINVASIVE!
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Waterfowl
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Tundra swan
Trumpeter swan
Waterfowl – migratory game birds
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White-fronted goose
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Canada Goose
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Snow goose (blue and white color phases)
Snow (left) vs. Ross (right)
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Brant
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Dabbling or surface ducks
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Green-winged teal (drake and hen)
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Blue-winged teal drake
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Cinnamon teal
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Northern Shoveller drake and hen
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Mallard drake and hen
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Black duck drake
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Gadwall drake
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American widgeon drakes
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Northern Pintail drake
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Wood duck drake and hen
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Diving or Bay ducks
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Canvasback drake and hen
I’m a wedgehead
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Redhead drake
I’m a ballhead
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Ring-necked duck drake(“I’m a snazzy diver!”)
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Lesser scaup drakeAKA “bluebill”
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Common goldeneye hen (left)
Common goldeneye drake below
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Bufflehead drake and hen
“I make black and white look good!”
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Ruddy duck drake in Spring
Drake and hen Ruddy (male displaying)
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Common MerganserHen (top)Drake (bottom)
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Waterfowl migratory flyways
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Common Snipe - long bill long legs
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Woodcockaka “stumpy”
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American coot
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Sandhill CraneNecks extended, social
Great Blue HeronUsually aloneNeck folded
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QuailAnd upland game birds
Doves
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6
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