Comparative genomics also has been used to identify recently mobilized transposons in genetically diverse humans. For example, over 600 recent transposon insertions were identified by examining DNA resequencing traces from 36 genetically diverse humans.
Tbl 1 Which transposable elements are active in the human genome? (2007) Ryan E. Mills et al. Trends in Genetics 23: 183-191
DNA fingerprinting using RFLPs
Visualizing differences in DNA sequence by using restriction enzymes
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Restriction Enzymes cut DNA at specific sequences
EnzymeRecognitionSequence Cut
EcoRI 5'GAATTC3'CTTAAG
5'---G AATT C---3'3'---CTTAA G--- 5'
BamHI 5'GGATCC3'CCTAGG
5'---G GATCC---3'3'---CCTAG G---5'
HindIII 5'AAGCTT3'TTCGAA
5'---A AGCTT---3'3'---TTCGA A---5'
TaqI 5'TCGA3'AGCT
5'---T CGA---3'3'---AGC T---5'
AluI 5'AGCT3'TCGA
5'---AG CT---3'3'---TC GA---5'
Examples of some restriction enzymes…
Visualizing differences in DNA sequence by using restriction enzymes
Sequence 1
Sequence 2
Separating DNA on a gel by size
• Gel electrophoresis
Fig 20.11
Visualizing differences in DNA sequence by RFLPs
DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting
DNA fingerprinting
Can DNA be obtained from hair?
How can DNA be obtained from such a small sample?
The inventor of PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction:amplifying DNA
Fig 20.14
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction:Primers allow specific regions to be amplified.