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BASF EXCLUSIVE: Catch up on herbicide resistance.
And watch the weeds back down.
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Welcome
Welcome to the 2019 BASF webinar on managing herbicide resistance.
Hosted by:
◼ Shaun Haney
Founder of Real Agriculture
You’ll also hear from:
◼ Peter Sikkema
Professor, University of Guelph
◼ Eric Johnson
Weed Scientist and Research Officer, University of Saskatchewan
◼ Andrew Reid
Technical Service Specialist, BASF Canada
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Webinar Goals
2019: Managing herbicide resistance
◼ Get the latest on the rise of herbicide resistance
◼ Keep up to date with problem weeds
◼ Discuss best practices for managing resistant weeds
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What We’ll Be Covering
Our experts will be covering many aspects of herbicide resistance, including:
◼ Cause and economic impact of herbicide resistance
◼ Strategies to manage herbicide-resistant weeds
◼ Long-term approach to managing herbicide resistance
Don’t be shy; submit your questions via the chat box near the end of the
discussion to get them answered during the Q & A session at the end.
Today’s webinar is eligible for one
CCA CEU for Integrated Pest Management (IPM).
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Just the Facts
◼ Canada has the third highest population
of herbicide-resistant weeds
◼ Herbicide-resistant weeds have
increased rapidly over the past 30 years
◼ Canada has 68 herbicide-resistant
weed species
Source: http://www.weedscience.org/Summary/Country.aspx?CountryID=7, January 2019.
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Peter Sikkema
The Latest on
Herbicide Resistance
◼ 30 years as a faculty member at the University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus
◼ Extensive experience with glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario
◼ Conducts research on weed management in corn, soybeans, cereals and dry beans
◼ Six years working in product development
◼ Grew up on a dairy and hog farm in Wellington County in south central Ontario
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Sikkema, UG
P. H. Sikkema1, M. Schryver1, D. C. Hooker1, N. Soltani1, D. E. Robinson1, P. J. Tranel2
1University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON Canada2University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
Sikkema, UG
Herbicide-Resistant
Weeds in Ontario
Giant Ragweed
Sikkema, UG
Sikkema, UG
Sikkema, UG
Waterhemp
Common Ragweed
Canada Fleabane
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8
Presentation Outline
1. Herbicide-resistant weeds in Canada
2. Case study – waterhemp in Ontario
3. Why did this problem develop?
4. Potential corn and soybean yield and monetary losses
due to glyphosate-resistant weeds
5. What should farmers do?
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Group AB SK MB ON PQ Canada
1 3 3 2 1 4
2 15 10 12 9 4 23
3 1 1 1 1
4 3 1 1 1 4
5 1 11 3 13
7 3 3
8 1 1 1 1
9 1 1 1 4 1 6
14 1 1
22 3
24 17 19 30 11 56 9
Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in Canada
Herbicide-Group Weed Species.
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Group AB SK MB ON PQ Canada
2-way 2 2 2 8 1 10
3-way 2 1 1 1 3
4-way 1 1 2
5-way 1 1
4 3 5 10 1
10
Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in Canada
Multiple-Resistant Weed Species.
1. 4-way resistant wild oats in MB – Group 1, 2, 8 & 25
2. 4-way resistant waterhemp in ON – Group 2, 5, 9 & 14
3. 5-way resistant wild oats in MB – Group 1, 2, 8, 14 & 15
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Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp
Ferrier, UG
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History of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp
◼ In 2014, poor control of waterhemp was
reported in a field in Lambton county
Source: Sikkema, UG
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Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp
Roundup WeatherMAX® herbicide (0.67 L/ac).
Source: Schryver, UG
ResistantSusceptible
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Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp 2014-2017
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Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp
AtrazineRoundup®
Source: Schryver, UG
Pursuit
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Waterhemp – Enhanced Metabolism
Atrazine
Source: Sikkema, UG
Metribuzin
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Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp
Pursuit
All three families of Group 2 herbicides.
Source: Benoit, UG
Classic™ FirstRate™
Imidazolinone Sulfonyl Urea Triazolopyrimidine
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Group 2- or ALS-Resistant Weeds
Herbicide resistance is specific to the amino acid location,
amino acid substitution and weed species.
Amino
AcidSubstitution Weed Species
SU
Classic
IMI
Pursuit
TR
FirstRate
Ser653 Thr Waterhemp S R S
Trp574 Leu Waterhemp R R R
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Group 2-, 5-, 9- and/or 14-Resistant Waterhemp
Benoit, UG
Resistant
1607
Susceptible
Blazer®
herbicide
Source: Hedges, UG
Reflex®
herbicide
Cobra®
herbicide
Aim®
herbicide
Eragon®
herbicide
BlackHawk®
herbicide
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Group 2-, 5-, 9- & 14-Resistant Waterhemp
28% of seed lots evaluated
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Why Herbicide-Resistant Weeds?
◼ The repeated application of herbicides with the same mode of action
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Corn Yield Loss
Glyphosate-resistant weeds.
75 72
17
64
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ragweed,Common
Ragweed,Giant
Waterhemp Fleabane,Canada
Corn
Yie
ld L
oss (
%)
2 43 317N=
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Monetary Loss/Acre in Corn
23
564 541
128
481
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ragweed,Common
Ragweed,Giant
Waterhemp Fleabane,Canada
Moneta
ry Loss (
$/a
cre
)
Source: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/index.html.
Corn: 5 yr average (2014-18) = 165 bu/ac @ $4.57/bu = $752/acre
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Soybean Yield Loss
74 74
43
65
0
20
40
60
80
100
Ragweed,Common
Ragweed,Giant
Waterhemp Fleabane,Canada
Soybean Y
ield
Loss (
%)
25 48 35 53N=
Glyphosate-resistant weeds.
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Monetary Loss/Acre in Soybean
25
434 434
252
381
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Ragweed,Common
Ragweed,Giant
Waterhemp Fleabane,Canada
Moneta
ry Loss (
$/a
cre
)
Source: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/index.html.
Soybean: 5 yr average (2014-2018) = 47 bu/ac @ $12.46/bu = $586/acre
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Potential Monetary Loss
◼ Potential loss of $288 million if Ontario farmers did not use additional
weed management tactics to control these biotypes.
Weed Species Crop
Loss
(S/acre)
# of
acres
Monetary Loss
(Ontario $ 000)
Ragweed, Common Corn 564 100 56
Soybean 434 100 43
Ragweed, Giant Corn 541 10 000 5 414
Soybean 434 10 000 4 337
Waterhemp Corn 128 50 000 6 391
Soybean 252 50 000 12 602
Fleabane, Canada Corn 481 300 000 144 372
Soybean 381 300 000 114 293
287 509
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What Should Farmers Do?
Diversity in the crop/weed management programs:
1. Diverse crop rotations
2. Multiple herbicide modes of action
3. Use of tillage at strategic points in their long-term rotation
4. Cover crops after combining winter wheat
5. Narrow crop row widths (soybean)
6. Harvest weed seed control
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
1. Study goal – to deplete waterhemp seeds in the seedbank by
95%, using weed management practices that can be implemented
on commercial farms in Ontario
2. Study length – 9 years (2017-2025)
3. Two locations (on commercial farms):
Cottam and Walpole Island, Ontario
165 and 16 million waterhemp seeds in the seedbank/acre
when the study was initiated, respectively
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
4. Rotations
Continuous soybean
Corn/soybean
Soybean/wheat
Corn/soybean/winter wheat
Corn/soybean/winter wheat + cover crop
5. Multiple herbicide modes of action (7)
6. Soybean row width – 37.5 or 75 cm
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
# Crop Rotation Herbicides Timing MOA
1 Continuous soybean (75 cm) Roundup (9) POST 1
2
3
4
5
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
# Crop Rotation Herbicides Timing MOA
1 Continuous soybean (75 cm) Roundup (9) POST 1
2 Continuous soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce® herbicide (14/15)
Roundup Xtend® (4/9)
PRE
POST4
3
4
5
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
# Crop Rotation Herbicides Timing MOA
1 Continuous soybean (75 cm) Roundup (9) POST 1
2 Continuous soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST4
3 Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST6
CornAcuron® herbicide (5/15/27/27)
Marksman® herbicide (4/5)
PRE
POST
4
5
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
# Crop Rotation Herbicides Timing MOA
1 Continuous soybean (75 cm) Roundup (9) POST 1
2 Continuous soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST4
3 Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST6
CornAcuron (5/15/27/27)
Marksman (4/5)
PRE
POST
4 Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST6
Wheat Infinity® herbicide (6/27) POST
5
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
# Crop Rotation Herbicides Timing MOA
1 Continuous soybean (75 cm) Roundup (9) POST 1
2 Continuous soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST4
3 Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST6
CornAcuron (5/15/27/27)
Marksman (4/5)
PRE
POST
4 Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST6
Wheat Infinity (6/27) POST
5 CornAcuron (5/15/27/27)
Marksman (4/5)
PRE
POST7
Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)
Roundup Xtend (4/9)
PRE
POST
Wheat + cover crop Infinity (6/27) POST
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
Three-crop rotation – corn/soybean/wheat.
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
Three-crop rotation – corn/soybean/wheat.
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
Soybean
75 cm rows, Roundup37.5 cm rows,
Fierce f/b Roundup Xtend
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
Three-crop rotation – corn/soybean/wheat.
Acuron f/b
Marksman
Fierce f/b
Roundup XtendInfinity
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Integrated Waterhemp Management Study
Cover crop after combining winter wheat.
No cover crop Oats + oilseed radish
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Eric Johnson
Strategies to Manage
Herbicide-Resistant Weeds
◼ Research officer with the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan
◼ 36 years of extension and research experience in chemical, cultural and mechanical weed control
◼ Contributed data to approximately 130 pesticide minor use registrations
◼ Grew up on a grain farm near Eston, Saskatchewan
◼ B.S.A. and M.Sc. degree from the University of Saskatchewan
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@ericusaskweeds
Eric
Johnson
Dr. Chris
WillenborgDr. Steve
Shirtliffe
Lena
Syrovy
The Team
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Wild Mustard in Lentil Kochia in Lentil
False Cleavers in Lentil
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Slowing the Rate of Resistance Evolution
◼ Strategies are only effective BEFORE a weed population becomes
predominantly resistant
◼ Reduce selection pressure
Reduce number of herbicide applications
● Diversify crop rotations (perennial crops, winter crops)
● Cultural practices (competitive crops, cultivar choice, fertility,
seeding rate)
● Mechanical practices (clipping, harvest weed management)
Alter mechanisms of action (herbicide rotation/mixtures)
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0
20
40
60
80
100
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Fre
qu
en
cy
of
Res
ista
nt
Ind
ivid
ua
ls
(%)
Generations
Herbicide A or B used aloneHerbicide A and B rotated
Tank mix of herbicide A and B
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Herbicide Layering Soil-applied PRE vs. POST
employing different mechanisms of action.
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Herbicide Layering
Should be viewed as another tool, not a solution.
“At some point, we must stop looking to herbicides
as the solution to a problem created by herbicides.”
— Dr. Andrew Kniss, University of Wyoming
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Effect of pre-herbicides on broadleaf weed density
just prior to POST-herbicide application in faba bean
(mean of 5 site years).
*30 acre rate.
PRE herbicide
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Effect of pre-herbicides on broadleaf weed biomass
from PRE- and POST- herbicide applications in faba bean
(mean of 5 site years).
No Pre Heat® PRE Valtera® PRE Heat Complete PRE*
0 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 42 3
a
c
c
cc c ccc
a
ab
b
No of MOAs
*30 acre rate.
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https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYimTsoSNOg
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Conclusion
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Acknowledgements
◼ Weed science and agronomy crews – University of Saskatchewan
◼ Jessica Weber – Western Applied Research Corporation,
Scott, Saskatchewan
◼ Jessica Pratchler – North East Agriculture Research Foundation,
Melfort, Saskatchewan
Pest Management Center
Pesticide Minor Use Program
Pesticide Reduced Risk Program
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Andrew Reid
A Systems Approach to
Managing Resistant Weeds
◼ Technical Service Specialist at BASF Canada
◼ Works with marketing and research teams on long-term herbicide projects and with in-field technical reps to support and develop the herbicide portfolio
◼ Master’s degree in weed science and a Bachelor of Science in agronomy at the University of Guelph
◼ 6 years of focused efforts toward the agronomics surrounding crop protection products
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How Can We Manage Weed Resistance?
◼ Managing resistance is always easier before it occurs
Good planning
Good agronomic practices
Integration of several different techniques
Cleanliness is key (minimize movement of seeds)
Source: Univar Connectivity, CropWeb Source: Encyclopedia Britannica Source: Western Producer
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Resistance Management:
A Systems Approach
◼ Resistance management requires every tool you have
to effectively manage the problem
◼ Herbicides are an extremely important tool to use,
even after resistance occurs
Several different strategies you can use to maximize effectiveness:
● Tank mix multiple modes of action
● Rotate crops and herbicides frequently
● Minimize usage of high-risk herbicides (i.e. Group 1, 2)
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Multiple Modes of Action
◼ Multiple modes of effective action
◼ For a tank mix to be truly MMOEA, at least two active ingredients
must have activity on the target weed
◼ Group 14 herbicides have a good fit for a lot of problem
broadleaf weeds
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Systems Approach
◼ Utilizing multiple passes of MMOEA is part of an effective strategy
to manage herbicide resistance
IPM: “many little hammers”
◼ Even if you do not get perfect control with the first pass,
utilizing a second pass with a different mode of action reduces
the selection pressure
Basis of the Advanced Weed Control Program
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Advanced Weed Control
Program
◼ Advanced weed control relies upon
good agronomics to manage
problem weeds throughout the
growing season – for peas, lentils,
corn and soybeans
◼ Incorporating pre-seed/pre-emerge
residual chemistries with in-crop
applications instead of relying on
only one application
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Systems Approach
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Advanced Weed Control – CL Lentils
Utilizing a pre-seed with residual
allows for better weed control.
Why use a pre-seed burndown with
extended residual?
Burndown of emerged weeds –
including Group 2- & 9-resistant weeds
Residual suppression reduces the
density of secondary flushes
Secondary flushes that do break are
generally smaller in staging, allowing
for better timing and efficacy of the
in-crop herbicide application
Source: RA trial Kelfield SK.
Heat Complete herbicide /
Solo ADV herbicide
Glyphosate/
Solo® ADV herbicide
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Advanced Weed Control –
Cleaner Field for Harvest
Untreated Check
Heat Complete f/b
Viper® ADV herbicide
“Advanced Weed Control”
Competitive Residual
Only Recommendation
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Questions &
Answers
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Conclusion
For more tips on herbicide resistance and how to manage it,
visit agsolutions.ca/advancedweedcontrol
Don’t miss out on the valuable information that has been shared during the
Questions & Answers session.
Please visit agsolutions.ca/webinar/QA to learn more.
For expert advice on a regular basis, subscribe to the BASF e-newsletter.
Questions? Talk to your BASF Sales Representative or call
AgSolutions® Customer Care at 1-877-371-BASF (2273).
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