catch up on herbicide resistance. and watch the weeds back ... · integrated waterhemp management...

BASF EXCLUSIVE: Catch up on herbicide resistance.

And watch the weeds back down.

Welcome

Welcome to the 2019 BASF webinar on managing herbicide resistance.

Hosted by:

◼ Shaun Haney

Founder of Real Agriculture

You’ll also hear from:

◼ Peter Sikkema

Professor, University of Guelph

◼ Eric Johnson

Weed Scientist and Research Officer, University of Saskatchewan

◼ Andrew Reid

Technical Service Specialist, BASF Canada

Webinar Goals

2019: Managing herbicide resistance

◼ Get the latest on the rise of herbicide resistance

◼ Keep up to date with problem weeds

◼ Discuss best practices for managing resistant weeds

What We’ll Be Covering

Our experts will be covering many aspects of herbicide resistance, including:

◼ Cause and economic impact of herbicide resistance

◼ Strategies to manage herbicide-resistant weeds

◼ Long-term approach to managing herbicide resistance

Don’t be shy; submit your questions via the chat box near the end of the

discussion to get them answered during the Q & A session at the end.

Today’s webinar is eligible for one

CCA CEU for Integrated Pest Management (IPM).

Just the Facts

◼ Canada has the third highest population

of herbicide-resistant weeds

◼ Herbicide-resistant weeds have

increased rapidly over the past 30 years

◼ Canada has 68 herbicide-resistant

weed species

Source: http://www.weedscience.org/Summary/Country.aspx?CountryID=7, January 2019.

http://www.weedscience.org/Summary/Country.aspx?CountryID=7

Peter Sikkema

The Latest on

Herbicide Resistance

◼ 30 years as a faculty member at the University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus

◼ Extensive experience with glyphosate-resistant weeds in Ontario

◼ Conducts research on weed management in corn, soybeans, cereals and dry beans

◼ Six years working in product development

◼ Grew up on a dairy and hog farm in Wellington County in south central Ontario

Sikkema, UG

P. H. Sikkema1, M. Schryver1, D. C. Hooker1, N. Soltani1, D. E. Robinson1, P. J. Tranel2

1University of Guelph, Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, ON Canada2University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA

Sikkema, UG

Herbicide-Resistant

Weeds in Ontario

Giant Ragweed

Sikkema, UG

Sikkema, UG

Sikkema, UG

Waterhemp

Common Ragweed

Canada Fleabane

8

Presentation Outline

1. Herbicide-resistant weeds in Canada

2. Case study – waterhemp in Ontario

3. Why did this problem develop?

4. Potential corn and soybean yield and monetary losses

due to glyphosate-resistant weeds

5. What should farmers do?

Group AB SK MB ON PQ Canada

1 3 3 2 1 4

2 15 10 12 9 4 23

3 1 1 1 1

4 3 1 1 1 4

5 1 11 3 13

7 3 3

8 1 1 1 1

9 1 1 1 4 1 6

14 1 1

22 3

24 17 19 30 11 56 9

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in Canada

Herbicide-Group Weed Species.

Group AB SK MB ON PQ Canada

2-way 2 2 2 8 1 10

3-way 2 1 1 1 3

4-way 1 1 2

5-way 1 1

4 3 5 10 1

10

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds in Canada

Multiple-Resistant Weed Species.

1. 4-way resistant wild oats in MB – Group 1, 2, 8 & 25

2. 4-way resistant waterhemp in ON – Group 2, 5, 9 & 14

3. 5-way resistant wild oats in MB – Group 1, 2, 8, 14 & 15

Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp

Ferrier, UG

History of Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp

◼ In 2014, poor control of waterhemp was

reported in a field in Lambton county

Source: Sikkema, UG

Glyphosate-Resistant Waterhemp

Roundup WeatherMAX® herbicide (0.67 L/ac).

Source: Schryver, UG

ResistantSusceptible

Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp 2014-2017

Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp

AtrazineRoundup®

Source: Schryver, UG

Pursuit

Waterhemp – Enhanced Metabolism

Atrazine

Source: Sikkema, UG

Metribuzin

Multiple-Resistant Waterhemp

Pursuit

All three families of Group 2 herbicides.

Source: Benoit, UG

Classic™ FirstRate™

Imidazolinone Sulfonyl Urea Triazolopyrimidine

Group 2- or ALS-Resistant Weeds

Herbicide resistance is specific to the amino acid location,

amino acid substitution and weed species.

Amino

AcidSubstitution Weed Species

SU

Classic

IMI

Pursuit

TR

FirstRate

Ser653 Thr Waterhemp S R S

Trp574 Leu Waterhemp R R R

Group 2-, 5-, 9- and/or 14-Resistant Waterhemp

Benoit, UG

Resistant

1607

Susceptible

Blazer®

herbicide

Source: Hedges, UG

Reflex®

herbicide

Cobra®

herbicide

Aim®

herbicide

Eragon®

herbicide

BlackHawk®

herbicide

Group 2-, 5-, 9- & 14-Resistant Waterhemp

28% of seed lots evaluated

Why Herbicide-Resistant Weeds?

◼ The repeated application of herbicides with the same mode of action

Corn Yield Loss

Glyphosate-resistant weeds.

75 72

17

64

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ragweed,Common

Ragweed,Giant

Waterhemp Fleabane,Canada

Corn

Yie

ld L

oss (

%)

2 43 317N=

Monetary Loss/Acre in Corn

23

564 541

128

481

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Ragweed,Common

Ragweed,Giant


Moneta

ry Loss (

$/a

cre

)

Source: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/index.html.

Corn: 5 yr average (2014-18) = 165 bu/ac @ $4.57/bu = $752/acre

http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/index.html

Soybean Yield Loss

74 74

43

65

0

20

40

60

80

100

Ragweed,Common

Ragweed,Giant


Soybean Y

ield

Loss (

%)

25 48 35 53N=

Glyphosate-resistant weeds.

Monetary Loss/Acre in Soybean

25

434 434

252

381

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Ragweed,Common

Ragweed,Giant


Moneta

ry Loss (

$/a

cre

)

Source: http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/index.html.

Soybean: 5 yr average (2014-2018) = 47 bu/ac @ $12.46/bu = $586/acre

http://www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/stats/crops/index.html

Potential Monetary Loss

◼ Potential loss of $288 million if Ontario farmers did not use additional

weed management tactics to control these biotypes.

Weed Species Crop

Loss

(S/acre)

# of

acres

Monetary Loss

(Ontario $ 000)

Ragweed, Common Corn 564 100 56

Soybean 434 100 43

Ragweed, Giant Corn 541 10 000 5 414

Soybean 434 10 000 4 337

Waterhemp Corn 128 50 000 6 391

Soybean 252 50 000 12 602

Fleabane, Canada Corn 481 300 000 144 372

Soybean 381 300 000 114 293

287 509

What Should Farmers Do?

Diversity in the crop/weed management programs:

1. Diverse crop rotations

2. Multiple herbicide modes of action

3. Use of tillage at strategic points in their long-term rotation

4. Cover crops after combining winter wheat

5. Narrow crop row widths (soybean)

6. Harvest weed seed control

Integrated Waterhemp Management Study

1. Study goal – to deplete waterhemp seeds in the seedbank by

95%, using weed management practices that can be implemented

on commercial farms in Ontario

2. Study length – 9 years (2017-2025)

3. Two locations (on commercial farms):

Cottam and Walpole Island, Ontario

165 and 16 million waterhemp seeds in the seedbank/acre

when the study was initiated, respectively


4. Rotations

Continuous soybean

Corn/soybean

Soybean/wheat

Corn/soybean/winter wheat

Corn/soybean/winter wheat + cover crop

5. Multiple herbicide modes of action (7)

6. Soybean row width – 37.5 or 75 cm


# Crop Rotation Herbicides Timing MOA

1 Continuous soybean (75 cm) Roundup (9) POST 1

2

3

4

5




2 Continuous soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce® herbicide (14/15)

Roundup Xtend® (4/9)

PRE

POST4

3

4

5




2 Continuous soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)

Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST4

3 Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)

Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST6

CornAcuron® herbicide (5/15/27/27)

Marksman® herbicide (4/5)

PRE

POST

4

5





Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST4


Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST6

CornAcuron (5/15/27/27)

Marksman (4/5)

PRE

POST


Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST6

Wheat Infinity® herbicide (6/27) POST

5





Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST4


Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST6

CornAcuron (5/15/27/27)

Marksman (4/5)

PRE

POST


Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST6

Wheat Infinity (6/27) POST

5 CornAcuron (5/15/27/27)

Marksman (4/5)

PRE

POST7

Soybean (37.5 cm)Fierce (14/15)

Roundup Xtend (4/9)

PRE

POST

Wheat + cover crop Infinity (6/27) POST


Three-crop rotation – corn/soybean/wheat.


Soybean

75 cm rows, Roundup37.5 cm rows,

Fierce f/b Roundup Xtend


Three-crop rotation – corn/soybean/wheat.

Acuron f/b

Marksman

Fierce f/b

Roundup XtendInfinity


Cover crop after combining winter wheat.

No cover crop Oats + oilseed radish

Eric Johnson

Strategies to Manage

Herbicide-Resistant Weeds

◼ Research officer with the Department of Plant Sciences at the University of Saskatchewan

◼ 36 years of extension and research experience in chemical, cultural and mechanical weed control

◼ Contributed data to approximately 130 pesticide minor use registrations

◼ Grew up on a grain farm near Eston, Saskatchewan

◼ B.S.A. and M.Sc. degree from the University of Saskatchewan

@ericusaskweeds

Eric

Johnson

Dr. Chris

WillenborgDr. Steve

Shirtliffe

Lena

Syrovy

The Team

Wild Mustard in Lentil Kochia in Lentil

False Cleavers in Lentil

Slowing the Rate of Resistance Evolution

◼ Strategies are only effective BEFORE a weed population becomes

predominantly resistant

◼ Reduce selection pressure

Reduce number of herbicide applications

● Diversify crop rotations (perennial crops, winter crops)

● Cultural practices (competitive crops, cultivar choice, fertility,

seeding rate)

● Mechanical practices (clipping, harvest weed management)

Alter mechanisms of action (herbicide rotation/mixtures)

0

20

40

60

80

100

0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16

Fre

qu

en

cy

of

Res

ista

nt

Ind

ivid

ua

ls

(%)

Generations

Herbicide A or B used aloneHerbicide A and B rotated

Tank mix of herbicide A and B

Herbicide Layering Soil-applied PRE vs. POST

employing different mechanisms of action.

Herbicide Layering

Should be viewed as another tool, not a solution.

“At some point, we must stop looking to herbicides

as the solution to a problem created by herbicides.”

— Dr. Andrew Kniss, University of Wyoming

Effect of pre-herbicides on broadleaf weed density

just prior to POST-herbicide application in faba bean

(mean of 5 site years).

*30 acre rate.

PRE herbicide

Effect of pre-herbicides on broadleaf weed biomass

from PRE- and POST- herbicide applications in faba bean

(mean of 5 site years).

No Pre Heat® PRE Valtera® PRE Heat Complete PRE*

0 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 42 3

a

c

c

cc c ccc

a

ab

b

No of MOAs

*30 acre rate.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rYimTsoSNOg

Conclusion

Acknowledgements

◼ Weed science and agronomy crews – University of Saskatchewan

◼ Jessica Weber – Western Applied Research Corporation,

Scott, Saskatchewan

◼ Jessica Pratchler – North East Agriculture Research Foundation,

Melfort, Saskatchewan

Pest Management Center

Pesticide Minor Use Program

Pesticide Reduced Risk Program

Andrew Reid

A Systems Approach to

Managing Resistant Weeds

◼ Technical Service Specialist at BASF Canada

◼ Works with marketing and research teams on long-term herbicide projects and with in-field technical reps to support and develop the herbicide portfolio

◼ Master’s degree in weed science and a Bachelor of Science in agronomy at the University of Guelph

◼ 6 years of focused efforts toward the agronomics surrounding crop protection products

How Can We Manage Weed Resistance?

◼ Managing resistance is always easier before it occurs

Good planning

Good agronomic practices

Integration of several different techniques

Cleanliness is key (minimize movement of seeds)

Source: Univar Connectivity, CropWeb Source: Encyclopedia Britannica Source: Western Producer

Resistance Management:

A Systems Approach

◼ Resistance management requires every tool you have

to effectively manage the problem

◼ Herbicides are an extremely important tool to use,

even after resistance occurs

Several different strategies you can use to maximize effectiveness:

● Tank mix multiple modes of action

● Rotate crops and herbicides frequently

● Minimize usage of high-risk herbicides (i.e. Group 1, 2)

Multiple Modes of Action

◼ Multiple modes of effective action

◼ For a tank mix to be truly MMOEA, at least two active ingredients

must have activity on the target weed

◼ Group 14 herbicides have a good fit for a lot of problem

broadleaf weeds

Systems Approach

◼ Utilizing multiple passes of MMOEA is part of an effective strategy

to manage herbicide resistance

IPM: “many little hammers”

◼ Even if you do not get perfect control with the first pass,

utilizing a second pass with a different mode of action reduces

the selection pressure

Basis of the Advanced Weed Control Program

Advanced Weed Control

Program

◼ Advanced weed control relies upon

good agronomics to manage

problem weeds throughout the

growing season – for peas, lentils,

corn and soybeans

◼ Incorporating pre-seed/pre-emerge

residual chemistries with in-crop

applications instead of relying on

only one application

Systems Approach

Advanced Weed Control – CL Lentils

Utilizing a pre-seed with residual

allows for better weed control.

Why use a pre-seed burndown with

extended residual?

Burndown of emerged weeds –

including Group 2- & 9-resistant weeds

Residual suppression reduces the

density of secondary flushes

Secondary flushes that do break are

generally smaller in staging, allowing

for better timing and efficacy of the

in-crop herbicide application

Source: RA trial Kelfield SK.

Heat Complete herbicide /

Solo ADV herbicide

Glyphosate/

Solo® ADV herbicide

Advanced Weed Control –

Cleaner Field for Harvest

Untreated Check

Heat Complete f/b

Viper® ADV herbicide

“Advanced Weed Control”

Competitive Residual

Only Recommendation

Questions &

Answers

Conclusion

For more tips on herbicide resistance and how to manage it,

visit agsolutions.ca/advancedweedcontrol

Don’t miss out on the valuable information that has been shared during the

Questions & Answers session.

Please visit agsolutions.ca/webinar/QA to learn more.

For expert advice on a regular basis, subscribe to the BASF e-newsletter.

Questions? Talk to your BASF Sales Representative or call

AgSolutions® Customer Care at 1-877-371-BASF (2273).

catch up on herbicide resistance. and watch the weeds back ... · integrated waterhemp management...

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