CCS Technology Development and Deployment Current Status and Some Potential Developments
Jon Gibbins
Director, UK CCS Research Centre Professor of Power Plant Engineering and Carbon Capture,
University of Edinburgh
The UKCCSRC is supported by the Engineering and Physical Sciences
Research Council as part of the Research Councils UK Energy Programme
[email protected] www.ukccsrc.ac.uk
27 September 2013 London
Operating Large-scale Integrated CCS Projects
GCCSI Listing and analysis of CCS projects around the world, http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/projects/browse
Saline Formation
EOR
Industrikraft Möre AS Norway – Sargas
Test Centre Mongstad (TCM) – amine, ammonia
Peterhead Gas CCS Project – Cansolv amine
Captain Clean Energy Project – Siemens IGCC+pre-com
Teesside Low Carbon – IGCC+pre-com White Rose CCS Project – Alstom oxyfuel C.GEN North Killingholme Power Project – IGCC+precom Don Valley Power Project – IGCC+pre-com Rotterdam Opslag en Afvang Demonstratieproject (ROAD) – Commercial amine on supercritical coal
GCCSI Listing and analysis of CCS projects around the world, http://www.globalccsinstitute.com/projects/browse
Types of Carbon Capture Technology
IPCC Special Report on CCS
Hydrocarbon fuels
“ = Amine? ”
“ = IGCC? ”
“ = Pulverised coal? ” = ? very many possibilities!
Based on: Paul H.M. Feron, Exploring the potential for improvement of the energy performance of coal fired power plants with post-combustion capture of carbon dioxide, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 4(2), 2010, 152-160
Commercial projects – Cansolv (Boundary Dam), Fluor (ROAD) + MHI, Alstom etc. But – new solvents, absorber intercooling, vapour compression, flash regeneration, thermal integration, solvent storage, flexible operation, construction methods, scale etc., etc.
Heat in
Heat out
Heat out
Heat out
Berlin, 2007 - CO2 Emissions Reduction Strategies for the Power Industry – CCS Opportunities and Challenges A Practical Assessment of Carbon Capture Options for New Build Pulverised Coal-Fired Power Plant in the UK, Michael Whitehouse, RWE
SaskPower Boundary Dam, Cansolv amine unit, Rectangular section concrete absorber http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/15-october-2012-mike-monea-and-colin-imrie-visit
http://www.usea.org/sites/default/files/event-/SaskPower%20CCS%20Presentation%20-%20USEA%20-%20March%202o13%20.pdf
Pilot-Scale Advanced Capture Technology Facilities
Amine Post Combustion Capture
Plant (150 KW)
Coal
S
B
C
G
Control Units & System
Integration
Oxygen
Coal
Biomass
AIR
Natural Gas
Gas Turbine APU & Turbec 150Kw
Oxy/air-Solid Fuels CTF with
EGR 250KW
Coal – Biomass
blend Fuels 50KW
Coal – Biomass Air/Oxy
FB Reactor 150KW
Gas Mixer Facilities
Up to 250 KW
O
L
Planned IGCC
Reactor (200 KW)
R
Gas Cleaning
and Shift
System Monitoring
Via Internet
R
E
E
M
A E
E
http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/system/files/Inventys%20Howden%20UKCCSRC%20%5BMay%202013%5D.pdf
http://www.ukccsrc.ac.uk/system/files/Inventys%20Howden%20UKCCSRC%20%5BMay%202013%5D.pdf
Vattenfall oxyfuel unit, built by Alstom – 30MW thermal
• Oxy-Coal/Biomass Combustion Test Facilities
• Air-Coal/Biomass Combustion Test Facilities
• FGR (Wet and Dry) + Gas Mixing Facilities
NET Power’s Allam Cycle
for coal
http://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurenet-powers-co2-cycle-the-breakthrough-that-ccs-needs
NET Power’s Allam Cycle
http://www.modernpowersystems.com/features/featurenet-powers-co2-cycle-the-breakthrough-that-ccs-needs
www.sccs.org/cns
September 2011
Scottish Low Carbon Investment Conference
(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)
A project that aligns policy objectives
the reverse effect
Central N Sea EOR
Don Valley Power Plant
CO2 Pumping Saline
Storage
17
5 MT per annum CO2 capture
£3 bn capital cost
Low carbon power (low emissions)
CO2 for EOR (tax revenue)
• FEED complete, section 36 planning awarded
• Awarded €180m grant under European Energy Programme for Recovery (EEPR)
• NER application in place
• Await UK process (CFD and debt)
(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)
Don Valley ~ 800 MW IGCC, Team with BP CCS project experience http://www.2coenergy.com/don_valley_power_project.html The 2Co project team has unparalleled commercial and technical experience in carbon capture, utilisation and storage technologies needed across the full project chain. Shell, BOC/Linde and GE are key technology suppliers to the Don Valley CCS Project. The technologies they will use have been tested and proven at scale around the world. Samsung C&T and BOC have both recently agreed to take significant equity stakes in 2Co’s onshore plant.
(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)
What capital structure would enable the project?
the reverse effect 19
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
£m
DVPP
EOR
Gra
nt
Deb
t Eq
uity
UK Co-funding, EEPR, NER - £1bn
Supported Debt – £1bn EIB, UK Govt, GIB, other
Equity £0,5bn
Deb
t/Equ
ity
Returns and risks must be balanced to allow access to reasonably priced
commercial equity and debt.
(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)
What CFD structure would enable the project?
the reverse effect
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
Prevailing COE Potential funding mechanism Effect of EOR
CO
E p
/kw
h
PPA Year ahead
price, so plant
always runs
Fixed Payment
covers fixed costs and debt
burden
Variable Payment
CFD
covers variable costs EOR
(For data see also http://cdn.globalccsinstitute.com/sites/default/files/publications/85746/making-business-case-ccs.pdf)
~ HRSG
Advanced Post
Combustion Capture Gas turbine
Air inlet
Gas Turbine Facilities with EGR + HAT Fuel Flexibility: NG, Biogas, Liquid Fuel, Biofuel & H2 Enriched Gas
Conclusions UK and Europe have solid experience of offshore CO2 storage
and a range of commercially-available technologies ready to be deployed at large scale
Funding mechanisms and enabling regulations being developed, also based on experience
Challenges are: a) First-of-a-kind deployment – funding mechanisms important b) Learning by doing – improve conventional technologies,
reduce costs, develop new technologies if real improvement c) Growing the sector – people and capacity
UKCCSRC works across the UK, throughout the CCS value chain, using analysis and experiments at a range of scales, to develop novel solutions and talented people.