Download - Cell Phones&Driving Final Presentation
Cell Phones & DrivingCell Phones & DrivingAlexis BaezAlexis Baez
Ann Marie GalliAnn Marie GalliMeredith AlexisMeredith Alexis
Mohsin KhanMohsin Khan
MBA 512 Final PresentationMBA 512 Final PresentationDecember 5December 5thth, 2009, 2009
Exploration – History & Facts:• Current, timely, controversial topic
– Legislation varies between states and towns• Hands-free laws• Texting laws • No laws• Enforceable?
– Increase in accidents due to being distracted• 6% of all accidents result from cell phone use • 12,000 serious injuries per year• 2,600 deaths
– Opinions vary among users• Strongly against any cell phone use while driving• Strongly for cell phone use while driving
Exploration – History & Facts:• Human interest
– Popular with consumers & businesses• 270 million cell phone subscribers in the U.S. (end of 2008)• 76 million subscribers in 1999 in the U.S. – up 255%• 80 % have admitted to using cell while driving
• Future Implications– Wireless industry continues to grow
• More integration / applications• New product launches / new technology
– How will law enforcement, insurance companies, and wireless industry handle the issues?
• Fines / legal action• Insurance breaks / monitoring• Education / safety / promotion
Exploration – Background Research:
• Background Research– “Ban Cell Phones While Driving, Safety Council
Says” January 11, 2009, www.foxnews.com
– “Driving Us to Distraction”, August 24, 2009, Time, Vol. 174, Issue 7
– “Should Motorists Ever Talk On The Phone?”, February 16, 2009, www.cnn.com
– “Efforts To Limit Cell Phone Use While Driving Grow”, March 29th 2009, www.usatoday.com
Exploration – Research Questions:• Research Questions
– What are the population’s views, behaviors & attitudes associated with cell phone use while driving?
– Do age and gender have an impact on cell phone use while driving?
– Does business use increase cell phone use while driving?
• Research Hypotheses: – Younger age groups and females use cell phones more
while driving.– If laws banned cell phone use while driving, people
would continue to use their cell phones.
Exploration – Research Questions:•Related Factors
- Business use vs. personal use- Hands-free vs. no hands-free use- Current laws and future laws- People’s beliefs vs. behavior- Types of usage
Data Collection:• Target Audience
• anyone using a cell phone while driving• 216 million (according to Nationwide Insurance Survey)
– 80% of the 270 million U.S. subscribers use cell while driving • Anticipated 100 responses
• Sampling Plan / Method of administration• Internet chain (using random contacts/blind requests)• E-mail & social networking
• Summary of Respondents• Unknown amount of surveys were distributed• 58 responses received
• Possible sources of error• Unknown distribution• Survey amount and who received them• Not enough demographic representation
Cell Phone Use While Driving
Are you male or female?
Answer Options Response Percent Response Count
Male 39.7% 23
Female 60.3% 35
answered question 58
skipped question 0
Survey Question #1
Survey Question #2Cell Phone Use While Driving
What is your age range?
Answer Options Response Percent Response Count
Under 21 3.4% 2
21-30 22.4% 13
31-40 44.8% 26
41-50 19.0% 11
51 and over 10.3% 6
answered question 58skipped question 0
Survey Question #3Cell Phone Use While Driving
How have you used your cell phone while driving in the past 30 days? Check all that apply.
Answer Options Response Percent Response Count
Voice calls/Voice mail 98.2% 56Text messaging 75.4% 43Instant messaging 12.3% 7Web browsing/Internet 22.8% 13Music/MP3 player 12.3% 7GPS Navigation 29.8% 17E-mail 38.6% 22
answered question 57skipped question 1
Survey Question #4Cell Phone Use While Driving
For what purpose do you use your cell phone while driving?
Answer Options Response Percent Response Count
Business use only 5.4% 3Mostly business use 8.9% 5Some business use / Some personal use 41.1% 23Mostly personal use 23.2% 13Personal use only 21.4% 12
answered question 56skipped question 2
Survey Question #5Cell Phone Use While Driving
If a total ban on all cell phone use while driving were enacted into law, would you obey this law and cease using your cell phone if you thought you would not get caught?
Answer Options Response Percent Response Count
Yes 36.8% 21
No 63.2% 36
answered question 57
skipped question 1
Survey Question #6
Response Percent
Response Count
61.4% 3521.1% 1217.5% 10
571
Cell Phone Use While Driving
I am unsure of what the laws state
Answer Options
skipped question
No, I am not aware of the laws
Are you aware of the current laws in place in the state in which you live/ work regarding cell phone use while driving?
answered question
Yes, I am aware of the laws
61%21%
18%Yes, I am aware of the laws
No, I am not aware of the laws
I am unsure of what the lawsstate
Survey Question #7
Response Percent
Response Count
46.6% 2743.1% 250.0% 08.6% 51.7% 1
580
Cell Phone Use While Driving
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Answer Options
Strongly Disagree
Somewhat Agree
skipped question
Using a cell phone while driving impairs driving ability the same as other activities do such as eating, smoking, applying make-up, speaking to a
Somewhat Disagree
Strongly Agree
answered question
Using a c
46%
43%
0%
9% 2%
Strongly Agree
Somewhat Agree
Neither Agree nor Disagree
Somewhat Disagree
Strongly Disagree
Survey Question #8
12%7%
12%
9%
60%
A total ban on cell phone usewhile driving should be enactedinto law
Cell phone use while drivingshould be allowed only with ahands-free device
Talking on a cell phone whiledriving should be allowedwithout a hands-free device
Talking on a cell phone whiledriving should be allowed, butall other cell phone use shouldnot be allowedUsing a cell phone while drivingin any capacity should beallowed
Response Percent
Response Count
12.1% 760.3% 358.6% 512.1% 76.9% 4
580
Cell Phone Use While Driving
Talking on a cell phone while driving should be allowed
Answer Options
Using a cell phone while driving in any capacity should
Cell phone use while driving should be allowed only with
skipped question
You believe the following is true regarding cell phone use while driving: Select the statement that best describes your opinion regarding cell phone use while
Talking on a cell phone while driving should be allowed,
A total ban on cell phone use while driving should be
answered question
Survey Question #9
Response Percent
Response Count
47.3% 2689.1% 4940.0% 2252.7% 2925.5% 1429.1% 1658.2% 321.8% 1
553skipped question
Text messaging
My ability to operate a vehicle is impaired when I use my cell phone in the following ways when driving: Check all that apply
Web browsing/Internet
answered question
Voice calls/Voice mail
GPS Navigation
Cell Phone Use While Driving
Instant messaging
I do not believe my driving is impaired in any way when
Answer Options
Music/MP3 Player
1.8%
58.2%
29.1%25.5%40.0%
89.1%
47.3%52.7%
0.0%10.0%20.0%30.0%40.0%50.0%60.0%70.0%80.0%90.0%
100.0%
Voic
e
calls/Voic
e
I d
o n
ot
believe m
y
driv
ing is
impaired in
any w
ay
when I
use
my c
ell
phone a
nd
driv
e
Survey Question #10
Response Percent
Response Count
15.8% 924.6% 1414.0% 845.6% 26
571
Cell Phone Use While Driving
I talk without a hands-free device but DO NOT
Answer Options
answered question
I own a hands-free device and SOMETIMES use it while
Which of the statements below best describes your use of your cell phone while driving? Choose the answer that most applies to you.
I talk without a hands-free device AND also
I own a hands-free device and ALWAYS use it while
skipped question
15.8%
24.6%14.0%
45.6%
0.0% 10.0% 20.0% 30.0% 40.0% 50.0%
I own a hands-free device and ALWAYS useit while driving
I talk without a hands-free device but DONOT text/email/instant message while
I talk without a hands-free device AND also text/email/instant message while driving
I talk without a hands-free device but DO NOT text/email/instant message while driving
I own a hands-free device and SOMETIMES use it while driving
I own a hands-free device and ALWAYS use it while driving
HYPOTHESIS TESTS x-value sample 1 7 x-value sample 2 27
sample size 1 15 sample size 2 42
pooled proportion 0.596 proportion 1 46.7% proportion 2 64.3%
under 30 over 31
std error 0.148
Does age impact awareness of laws?
NULL: under 30 =over 30 Age does not impact awareness of laws
ALTERNATIVE: under 30 ≠over 30 Age impacts awareness of laws
one-tailed or two tailed? 2
test statistic (obs) (1.194) T observed is NOT greather than critical measure.
critical measure 1.960
|obs| > critical?? NO
p-value 0.232 P-Value is NOT less than alpha level.
-level 0.050
p-value < a-level?? NO
DO NOT REJECT THE NULL!
Therefore, the null stating Age does not impact the awareness of laws must be accepted.
Does age impact awareness of laws?
HYPOTHESIS TESTS x-value sample 1 2 x-value sample 2 1
sample size 1 22 sample size 2 35pooled proportion 0.053 proportion 1 9.1% proportion 2 2.9%
under 30 over 31std error 0.061
Does gender impact business cell phone use?NULL: m = f Gender does not impact business cell phone use
ALTERNATIVE: m ≠ f Gender impacts business cell phone use
one-tailed or two tailed? 2
test statistic (obs) 1.026 T observed is NOT greather than critical measure.
critical measure 1.960
|obs| > critical?? NO
p-value 0.305 P-Value is NOT less than alpha level.
-level 0.050
p-value < a-level?? NO
DO NOT REJECT THE NULL!
Therefore, the null stating Gender does not impact business cell phone use must be accepted.
Does gender impact business cell phone use?
Does age impact text messaging while driving?
HYPOTHESIS TESTS x-value sample 1 30 x-value sample 2 11
sample size 1 41 sample size 2 16pooled
proportion 0.719 proportion 1 0.731707317 proportion 2 0.6875
40 & under Over 40std error 0.132
Do people under 40 and under text message while they drive more than those over 40?NULL: People 40 and under do not text while driving more than people over 40
ALTERNATIVE: People 40 and under text while driving more than people over 40
one-tailed or two tailed? 1
test statistic (obs) 0.334 Conclusion: DO NOT REJECT THE NULL
critical measure 1.645
The test results show that people 40 and under do not text while driving more than people over 40 with statistical significance, therefore we cannot reject the null hypothesis. The null hypothesis stands: People 40 and under do not text while
driving more than people over 40.
|obs| > critical?? NO
p-value 0.369 -level 0.050
p-value < a-level?? NO
SUMMARY OUTPUTNull: There is no relationship between gender & opinions on the
law
Regression StatisticsAlt: There is a relationship between gender & opinions on the
lawMultiple R 0.01193R Square 0.01% X=Gender, Y=opinion on laws about cell phone use while driving
Adjusted R Square
-1.80%
Standard Error
1.078939 Conclusion: Do not reject the null
Observations
57
ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 0.009114 0.009114 0.007829 0.92981571
Residual 55 64.02597 1.164109Total 56 64.03509
Coefficient
sStandard
Errort Stat P-value Lower 95%
Upper 95%
Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
Intercept 1.454545 0.23003 6.323272 0.000000 0.9935540461.91553
70.993554 1.915537
Gender -0.02597 0.293555 -0.08848 0.929816 -0.6142704880.56232
2-0.61427 0.562322
Is there a relationship between gender and opinions about cell phone laws while driving?
SUMMARY OUTPUTNull: There is no relationship between age, gender and the use of hands-free devices
Regression Statistics Alt: There is a relationship between age, gender and the use of hands-free devices
Multiple R 0.089883369R Square 0.00807902 X(1)=Gender, X(2)=Age, Y=Use of Hands-free device
Adjusted R Square -0.028658794Standard Error 0.502004496 Conclusion: Do not reject the nullObservations 57
ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 2 0.110838485 0.055419 0.21991 0.80330608Residual 54 13.60845976 0.252009
Total 56 13.71929825
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0%
Upper 95.0%
Intercept 0.687229981 0.181007989 3.796683 0.000373 0.324330816 1.050129 0.324331 1.050129Gender 0.007535416 0.136604293 0.055162 0.956213 -0.2663397 0.281411 -0.26634 0.281411
Age -0.046066513 0.069814555 -0.65984 0.51216 -0.18603627 0.093903 -0.18604 0.093903
Is there a relationship between age, gender and use of a hands-free device?
SUMMARY OUTPUT
Regression Statistics Null: The current laws do not affect cell phone driving use.
Multiple R 0.115 Alternative: The current laws do affect cell phone driving use.
R Square 0.013
Adjusted R Square -0.005 X: Current law awareness Y: Willingness to obey laws.
Standard Error 0.490 Conclusion: Do not reject the null.
Observations 56
ANOVA
df SS MS F Significance F
Regression 1 0.175 0.175 0.730 0.397
Residual 54 12.95 0.240
Total 55 13.125
Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper
95.0%
Intercept 0.300 0.110 2.740 0.008 0.080 0.520 0.080 0.520
Current law awareness 0.117 0.137 0.854 0.397 -0.157 0.390 -0.157 0.390
Is there a relationship between the current cell phone driving laws and willingness to obey them?
HYPOTHESIS TESTS x-value sample 1 5 x-value sample 2 16
sample size 1 22 sample size 2 36pooled proportion 0.362 proportion 1 0.2273 proportion 2 0.4444
Male FemaleStandard deviation 0.130
Is there an impact on one's gender, and the obeying of cell phone driving laws?NULL: p1=p2 Gender has no impact of the obeying of cell phone laws.
ALTERNATIVE: p1<>p2 Gender has an impact on the obeying of cell phone laws.
one-tailed or two tailed? 2
test statistic (obs) (1.670)
critical measure 1.960
|obs| > critical?? NO Conclusion: Do not reject the null
There is not enough statistical significance to support the Alternative hypothesis, therefore the Null
Hypothesis cannot be rejected. There is no difference between males and females with obeying of the law.
p-value 0.095
a-level 0.050
p-value < a-level?? NO
Does gender impact obeying cell phone laws?
x-value sample 1 50 x-value sample 2 27sample size 1 57 sample size 2 57
Pooled proportion 0.675 proportion 1 0.877192982 proportion 2 0.473684211Std error 0.088 Texting Voice calls
NULL: Texting while driving does not impair a driver’s ability more as compared to voice calls ALTERNATIVE: Texting while driving does impair a driver’s ability more as compared to voice calls
One-tailed or two tailed? 1
Test statistic (obs) 4.601 Critical measure 1.645
|obs| > critical?? Yes
p-value 0.000 -level 0.050
p-value < a-level?? YesReject the null!
Texting while driving does impair a driver’s ability more as compared to voice calls
HYPOTHESIS TESTS
Does texting impair a driver ability more than voice calls?
Do female drivers text more than male drivers ?
x-value sample 1 26 x-value sample 2 17sample size 1 35 sample size 2 22
Pooled proportion 0.754 proportion 1 0.742857143 proportion 2 0.772727273Female Female
Std error 0.117
NULL: Female do not text more than male while drivingALTERNATIVE: Female do text more than male while driving
one-tailed or two tailed? 1
Test statistic (obs) (0.255) Critical measure 1.645
|obs| > critical?? No
p-value 0.399 No-level 0.050
p-value < a-level??Do not reject the NullFemale do not text more than male while driving
HYPOTHESIS TESTS
Conclusions
Recommendations