Download - Chem Unit1
If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used nonstick pansnonstick pans
Thank a chemist
If you’ve ever used If you’ve ever used VelcroVelcro
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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedsweeteners sweeteners
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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedTylenol or Advil Tylenol or Advil
Thank a chemist
If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever useddyed clothingdyed clothing
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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedNylonNylon
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If you’ve ever usedIf you’ve ever usedgasolinegasoline
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If you’ve ever hadIf you’ve ever hadan MRIan MRI
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If you’ve ever If you’ve ever baked a cakebaked a cake
Thank a chemist
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Physical vs. Chemical Physical vs. Chemical ChangeChange
Describing MatterDescribing Matter
UNITSUNITSQuantity Symbol Unit Abbreviation
Length L Meter m
Mass m Kilogram kg
Time t Second S
Temperature T Kelvin K
Amount of Substance
n mole mol
Electric current I Ampere A
Luminous intensity
Iv Candela cd
MeasurementsMeasurementsSI unitsSI units
Système Internationale des Unités
Describing MatterDescribing MatterPrefixesPrefixes
Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier
Value example
Yotta Y 1024 septillion
Zetta Z 1021 sextillion
Exa E 1018 quintillion exabyte
peta P 1015 quadrillion
tera T 1012 trillion terabyte
giga G 109 billion gigaHertz
mega M 106 million
Kilo K 103 thousand kilometer
Base - 100 1
Describing MatterDescribing MatterPrefixesPrefixes
Prefix Abbreviation Exponential multiplier
Value example
deci d 10-1 tenth decibel
centi c 10-2 hundredth centimeter
milli m 10-3 thousandth milligram
micro μ 10-6 millionth microsecond
nano n 10-9 billionth nanometer
pico p 10-12 trillionth picoHertz
femto f 10-15 quadillionth femtosecond
atto a 10-18 quintillionth attometer
zepto z 10-21 Sextillionth
Measurements:Measurements:TemperatureTemperature
Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin
212° F 100°C 373 KBoiling point of water
32°F 0°C 273 KFreezing point of water
-459.67°F -273°C 0 KLowest possible temperature
Derived UnitsDerived Units
Volume
What is Matter?What is Matter?
Anything that has mass and volume
Pure or Mixture?Pure or Mixture?
ElementsElements
The Ancient Greeks recognized four different earthly The Ancient Greeks recognized four different earthly elements elements
ElementsElements
Pure Substance that contains Pure Substance that contains only one only one type of atomtype of atom
AllotropesAllotropes
Different Molecular Form of Same Elemen;Different Molecular Form of Same Elemen;
diamond and graphitediamond and graphite
CompoundsCompounds
Pure substances made of more than one type of atom Pure substances made of more than one type of atom
ClH
MixturesMixtures
HeterogeneousHeterogeneous
Oil and water
Milk
MixturesMixtures
HomogeneousHomogeneous
Salt water
Sugar water
EnergyEnergy
ENERGY is neither created nor destroyed.
EnergyEnergy
.
Heat TransferHeat Transfer
.
Energy transfer due to a difference in temperature
Measurements:Measurements:TemperatureTemperature
Fahrenheit Celsius Kelvin
212° F 100°C 373 KBoiling point of water
32°F 0°C 273 KFreezing point of water
-459.67°F -273°C 0 KLowest possible temperature
EnergyEnergy
.
Exothermic VS. Endothermic
Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity
Q = m x Cp x ΔT
Specific Heat CapacitySpecific Heat Capacity
Specific Heat substance
4.18 J/gK water
0.9 J/gK Aluminum
0.126 J/gK Gold
0.51 J/gK Steel
2.9 J.gK Paraffin wax
1.0 J/gK Air
Accuracy vs. PrecisionAccuracy vs. Precision
AccuracyAccuracy
How close is your measurement to the actual value??
PrecisionPrecision
How close is your measurements to each other?
Significant FiguresSignificant Figures
Any non-zero digit is Significant
Any zero between non-zero digits is Significant
All zeros to the left of the first non-zero digit are NOT significant
Zeros that occur without a decimal point are NOT significant
Zeros AFTER the decimal point are Significant