Download - China Political Institutions- Isidor report
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CHINESEPOLITICAL
INSTITUTIONS
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CHINA
• FULL NAME: THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF CHINA• COMMON NAME: CHINA• CAPITAL: BEIJING• POPULATION: 1.3 BILLION• ECONOMY: “FACTORY OF THE WORLD”
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NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESS
Functions:• exercises the state power of amending the
Constitution and supervising the enforcement of the Constitution
• enacts basic laws of the state• elects and decides on the choices of the
leading personnel of the highest state organs of China
TERM: FOR 5 YEARSSESSION: DURING THE FIRST QUARTER OF THE YEAR (First quarter: from the beginning of January to the end of March)
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THE NATIONAL PEOPLE’S CONGRESSSTANDING
COMMITTEE OF NPC
NATIONAL PEOPLE’S
CONGRESS
PEOPLE’S LIBERATION
ARMY
PROVINCIAL-LEVEL PEOPLE’S
CONGRESS
PROVINCIAL PEOPLE’S
GOVERNMENT
STATE COUNCIL
CITY –LEVEL PEOPLE’S
CONGRESSES
COUNTY –LEVEL PEOPLE’S
CONGRESSES
COUNTY PEOPLE’S
GOVERNMENTS
COUNTY PEOPLE’S
GOVERNMENT
COUNTY –LEVEL
PEOPLE’S CONGRESSES
CITY PEOPLE’S GOVERNMENTS
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ALLOCATION OF THE NUMBER OF DEPUTIES
• Number of delegates shall be decided in accordance with the proportion of the population.
• No less than 15 delegates shall be allocated to a province or an autonomous region with a small population.
• appropriate representation from different groups
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NPC cannot be regarded as a liberal-democratic institution due to these
aspects: • the indirect electoral or delegation
system• the corporatist structure of
representation• the explicit adherence to the principle of
democratic centralism
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THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENT• The central government of the People’s Republic of
China was the State council.• State council consist of the premier, the vice-
premiers, the ministers and the commissions & the secretary general.
• Functions: - Proposes bills to the NPC - Reports to the NPC on the work of the government
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THE CENTRAL GOVERNMENTPremier and vice-premiers of the state
STATE COMMISSIONS
STATE COUNCIL
Elected by National People’s Congress
STATE COUNCIL OFFICE
OTHER MINISTERIAL-LEVEL INSTITUTIONS
STATE COUNCIL ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICES
AD HOC WORKING PARTIES , COMMITTEES AND STATE COUNCIL COMMISSIONS
STATE COUNCIL BUREAUX
MINISTRIES
MINISTERIAL BUREAUXOPERATIONAL DEPARTMENTS OF STATE COUNCIL
Central Military
Commission
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THE LIMITATIONS OF POWER
• was not established independently to the legislature but elected by it
• it could be censured by the NPC and/or its standing committee.
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JUDICIAL BRANCH
• Constitutionally comprises of three parts: - PEOPLE’S COURT SYSTEM - PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE SYSTEM - PUBLIC SECURITY SYSTEM
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PEOPLE’S COURTS
• Judicial organs exercising judicial power in behalf of the state.
• Try all cases in public, except those involving state secrets, individual privacy or juvenile delinquency.
• People's courts at all levels set up judicial committees.
• Exercise state judicial power independently, free from interference from any organizations or individuals
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PEOPLE’S PROCURATORATE SYSTEM• The state organs for legal supervision
Art.5 of the Organic Law states the functions and powers of the people's procuratorates at all levels as the following:
• to exercise procuratorial authority over cases of treason and other major criminal cases
• to conduct investigation of criminal cases handled directly by themselves;
• to review cases investigated by public security organs and determine whether to approve arrest, and to prosecute or to exempt from prosecution;
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• to exercise supervision over the investigative activities of public security organs
• to initiate public prosecutions of criminal cases and support such prosecutions
• to exercise supervision over the judicial activities of people's courts
• to exercise supervision over the execution of judgments and orders in criminal cases
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PUBLIC SECURITY SYSTEM
• lead and direct the people's police, as functional departments of the people's governments.
• responsible for maintaining social and public order and State security
• leaders of public security is appointed by the people's congresses, or by their standing committees
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THE COMMUNIST PARTY
• The sole party in power in China.• Founded in 1921 & established the People’s
Republic of China in 1949 • Has established formal and informal
organizations in the Chinese government.
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NATURE OF THE CCP• the vanguard of the Chinese working class • takes Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and
Deng Xiaoping Theory as the guidance of its actions. • basic line for the primary stage of socialism is to
unite with and lead the people of all ethnic groups • Four Cardinal Principles : - adherence to the socialist road - the people’s democratic dictatorship - the leadership of the Communist Party- Marxism-Leninism and Mao Zedong Thought
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Current NPC of China
• Chairman of the Standing Committee: Wu Bangguo
Vice-Chairpersons:
Wang Zhaoguo,Li Tieying,Ismail Amat,He Luli (Female)
Ding Shisun,Cheng Siwei ,Xu Jialu,Jiang Zhenghua, Gu Xiulian (female),Raidi Sheng,Huaren Lu, Yongxiang Uyunqimg (female), Han Qide,Fu Tieshan
Secretary-general:
Sheng Huaren
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China’s current Central Government officials
• Executive branch: chief of state: President HU Jintao (since 15 March 2003);
• Vice President: XI Jinping (since 15 March 2008)
• head of government: Premier WEN Jiabao (since 16 March 2003);
• Executive Vice Premier: LI Keqiang (17 March 2008), • Vice Premier: HUI Liangyu (since 17 March 2003)• Vice Premier: ZHANG Dejiang (since 17 March 2008), and• Vice Premier: WANG Qishan (since 17 March 2008)
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REFERENCES:Flemming, C. & Rai, S.(1996). Chinese Politics and Society: an introduction.
Europe:Prentice Hall.• : http://www.china.org.cn/english/Political/25060.htm• http://www.chinahighlights.com/travelguide/china-facts.htm• file:///D:/My%20Documents/Downloads/II.%
20The%20System%20of%20People's%20Congress.html• file:///D:/
My%20Documents/Downloads/The%20National%20People's%20Congress.htm
• file:///D:/My%20Documents/Downloads/CHINA'S%20JUDICIAL%20SYSTEM.htm