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China’s First Civilizations
Did you know the Chinese invented fireworks?
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Looking Back – Looking Ahead
In earlier chapters, you learnedthat many civilizations developedin river valleys. China’s civilization
also began in a river valley, butmountains and deserts affected its
development.
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Main Ideas• Rivers, mountains, and deserts
helped shape China’s civilization. (page 277)
• Rulers known as the Shang became powerful because they controlled land and had strong armies. (page 278)
• Chinese rulers claimed that the Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule. (page 281)
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Main Idea• Rivers, mountains, and deserts
helped shape China’s civilization.
Huang He Tian Shan
Gobi Desert
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Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization.• Huang He – Yellow River• Flooded (China’s Sorrow)
• Destroyed homes/Killed people• Left behind RICH silt• Could grow LARGE amounts of
food on very small farms
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Nile Vs. Huang He
• Nile leaves 2 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil
• Huang He leaves 57 pounds of silt per cubic yard of topsoil
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Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization.• Chang Jiang/Yangtze River
Rich soil for farming• Only 1/10 of China’s land can be
farmed• Most of land is mountains and
deserts (bad for farms)
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Rivers, mountains, and deserts helped shape China’s civilization.• Mountains and Deserts separated
China – Think about Egypt’s geography
• Himalaya – Southwest• Kunlun Shan and Tian Shan
mountains to the west• Gobi Desert – Cold/Rocky…East of
Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan
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hamptonworldhistoryi.wikispaces.com
Huang He River
Chang Jiang River
Kunlun Shan
Tian Shan
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CHECK• What were the two important river
in early Chinese Civilization?• Huang He and Chang Jiang• What did the rivers provide?• Rich silt – could grow a lot of food
on small farms
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CHECK
• What is the cold, rocky location east of the Tian Shan and Kunlun Shan Mountains?
• Gobi Desert
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CHECK
• How was the effect of geography in China similar to the effect geography had on Ancient Egypt
• Geography (mountains/deserts) separated China from other civilizations
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Main Idea• Rulers known as the Shang became powerful
because they controlled land and had strong armies.
SHANG
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POWERFUL!!
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Controlled Land
STRONG Army
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Shang Dynasty
• Huang He Valley – First center of Civilization in China
• First Dynasty – Xia – Know almost nothing about them
• Dynasty• A line of rulers who belong to the
same family
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Shang Dynasty
• 2nd Rulers – Shang dynasty• Anyang – China’s 1st Capital City• Used Bronze weapons to take over
nearby areas• Warlords governed territories• Warlords
• Military leaders who command their own armies
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Shang Dynasty
• King had LARGER armies to control borders
• Armies helped King keep power• Aristocrats – warlords and royal
officials (upper class)• Aristocrats passed power from
generation to generation
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Shang Dynasty
• Few Artisans and traders• MOST people were FARMERS
• Farmers did not own land• Aristocrats owned the land
• Some slaves
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Shang – gods and spirits
• People in Shang China worshipped gods and spirits.
• Tried to keep gods and spirits happy
• Angry gods and spirits were thought to cause bad events such as a poor harvest or loss in battle
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Shang - Ancestors
• People in Shang China honored ancestors – offerings
• Hoped ancestors would bring good luck – help in times of need
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Shang – Telling the Future
• Kings believed gods gave them special power and wisdom
• Priests scratched questions in oracle bones – hot metal rods made bones crack
• Priests interpreted the cracks as answers to the questions
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Shang – Telling the Future
• Kings used answers from oracle to determine courses of action
• Scratches were first known Chinese writing
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Chinese Writing
• Pictographs – pictures that represent objects
• Ideographs – pictures that represent ideas (2 or more pictographs combined)
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Shang Artists
• Silk for fine clothes• Vases/Dishes of fine white clay• Statues of ivory and Jade• BEST KNOWN for bronze objects
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CHECK
• 1st Chinese Capital• Anyang• Who ruled Shang territories?• Warlords• MOST Chinese people were…?• They were farmers
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CHECK
• Shang worshipped…?\• Gods and spirits – tried to keep
them happy • Shang honored who?• Ancestors…hoped for help in time
of need…good luck
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CHECK
• Chinese writing used __ and __?• Pictographs and Ideographs• Shang artisans were best known
for?• Bronze objects
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Main Idea• Chinese rulers claimed that the
Mandate of Heaven gave them the right to rule.
china.mrdonn.org
Right to RULE
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Cruelty = Loss of Power
• Shang Kings were very wealthy most other people were VERY poor
• Kings began to treat the poor with cruelty
• Zhou Dynasty results from rebellion
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Zhou Dynasty• Ruled for 800 years - longest rule
in Chinese history• King was head of government• Bureaucracy under King • Bureaucracy – appointed officials
who are in charge of different parts of government
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Zhou Dynasty
• Aristocrats (not Warlords) ruled territories
• Aristocrats passed rule of territories to son or other relative when they died
• King main purpose was to carry out religious rituals – the people’s link to heaven
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Zhou Dynasty
• Zhou Kings believed they were in charge of China because the gods wanted them there
• Mandate of Heaven• Gods chose King to rule with
goodness and wisdom
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Mandate of Heaven
• King expected to rule according to Dao (proper way)
• King’s duty – keep gods happy• Bad harvest, loss in battle = angry
gods = king failed• People had the right to overthrow
and replace the king
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Mandate of Heaven
• Gave people right to overthrow evil King
• Clearly stated King was not a god• Could only be questioned by
overthrowing the king
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New Tools
• Irrigation developed during Zhou Dynasty
• Iron plows increased food production = larger population
• Silk = important trade item
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Zhou Dynast Falls
• Over time – rulers of territories gained power and set up their own states
• States battled each other – 200 years – Period of the Warring Stated
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Zhou Dynast Falls
• Used swords, spears, crossbows• Invented saddles and stirrups• Qin defeated other states with
huge cavalry
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CHECK
• What is the Mandate of Heaven?• Mandate of Heaven says the gods
put kings in charge of China• Importance of Mandate• Kings had to be good rulers – gave
people right to overthrow
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Check• Importance of Iron Plow• Led to increased land farmed,
increased population, increased trade
• Development that allowed Qin to create a cavalry and defeat other states during the Period of the Warring States
• Saddles and Stirrups
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OK BIG PICTURE
• Test Prep
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