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Comparative Anatomy
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Comparative Anatomy
OIs the study of anatomical structures and evolutionary relationships.
OIs used as evidence for evolution.OIndicates that various organisms
share a common ancestor.
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It includes the study of
OHomologous structures
OAnalogous structuresOVestigial structures
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Comparative AnatomyO Organisms that are closely related to
one another share many anatomical similarities. Sometimes the similarities are obvious, as between crocodiles and alligators, but in other cases considerable study is needed for a full appreciation of relationships.
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O Whales and hummingbirds have skeletons inherited from a common ancestor. Their bodies have been modified and parts have been lost through natural selection, resulting in adaptation to their respective lifestyles over millions of years. On the surface, these animals look very different, but the relationship between them is easy to demonstrate. Except for those bones that have been lost over time, nearly every bone in each corresponds to an equivalent bone in the other.
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.
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Vocabulary
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Homologous StructuresOStructures with similar
structure, but different functions
Human Cat Whale Bat
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Analogous structuresO Have different anatomies but similar
function.O These are seen on organisms that
are not necessarily closely related, but live in similar environments and have similar adaptations.
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Vestigial structuresO Anatomical remnants that were
important in the organism’s ancestors, bur are not longer used in the same way.