Download - Construction Machines
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Mansoor Azam Qureshi
NUST
CONSTRUCTION
MACHINES
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September 22, 2013Mansoor Azam QureshiNUST, Islamabad
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Construction is the ultimate objective of any design,and the transformation of a design by construction intoa useful structure is accomplished by men andmachines. Men and machines transform a project planinto reality, and as machines evolve there is acontinuing transformation of how projects areconstructed. This subject will describes thefundamental concepts of machine utilization, whicheconomically match machine capability to specificproject construction requirements:
The efforts of contractors and equipmentmanufacturers, daring to develop new ideas,constantly push machine capabilities forward. As thearray of useful equipment expands, the importance ofcareful planning and execution of construction
operations increases.
General
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Need for Construction
Equipment
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To reduce the duration of the process .
To reduce costs .
To reduce (heavy) manual work
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Construction Machines Choice
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The aim of the machine; the work tocarry out the planned technologies
The material / elements to work with The quality to achieve The capacity needed The conditions at the site The schedule The budget
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Simple Machines/Equipment
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Lever
M.A. of a lever = Effort
Arm/Resistance Arm
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Simple Machines/Equipment
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Simple Machines/EquipmentWheel and Axle
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Simple Machines/EquipmentInclined plain
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L = length of the ramp, measured along the
slope. 1 = height of the ramp
R = weight of the object to be raised, or
lowered. E = force required to raise or lowerthe object.
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Simple Machines/EquipmentScrews
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Simple Machines/Equipment
count the number of parts of rope going to and from the movable block you can
figure the mechanical advantage
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Advent of Modern Machines
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A machine converts raw power or work into a
useful or productive work. Simple machines
could do this function one at a time with a
limited mechanical advantage and restrictedby the available human or animal power/
energy. Eg. lever could move heavy loads
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Fortunately simple machines could combine to
make more complex machines to make
machines more efficient and valuable. Eg.
Lever and wheel could combine to make abicycle to move heavy load much quickly and
for longer distances.
Advent of Modern Machines
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Development of energy sources like steam.
Internal combustion and compressed ignition
engines relieved human and animal as power
source and enhanced machine outputmanifold.
Advent of Modern Machines
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Development in steel and rubber/ nylon
industries resulted in heavier , stronger and
mobile machines of today.
Advent of Modern Machines
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Parts of Construction Machines
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Platform
Power
Pack
Power
Train
Equipment
or tool
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Tools/equipment define role or work that
machines can perform and become an integral
part. Eg Blades are integral to any dozer.
Often referred as standard equipment.
Tools and Equipment
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Additional equipment can be fixed to a
machine to perform some auxiliary task are
often referred as non standard or optional
equipment.
Tools and Equipment
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Types of Machines
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Earthwork Transportation
Lifting Concrete equipment
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Earthwork Machines
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Dozers, bulldozers Loaders
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Scrapers Graders
Earthwork Machines
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Excavators Power shovel
Earthwork Machines
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Dragline Clamshell
Earthwork Machines
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Lifting Equipment
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Mobile Crane Fixed Crane
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Lifter Gantry
Lifting Equipment
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Transport Equipment
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Dump Truck
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Pumps
Transport Equipment
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Concrete Equipment
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Mixing Batching Plant
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Transit Mixer Internal Vibrator
Concrete Equipment
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External vibrator Concrete Spreader/finisher
Concrete Equipment
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Syllabus
Construction Machines.
Basic Machine like lever,gears, shaft, wedge etc.
Power source for machines/equipment like gasoline,
diesel engines. Standard and special
equipment.
Procurement and selectionof equipment, ownershipand operation cost.
Maintenance and repaircost.
Depreciation andreplacement of equipment,economical life ofconstruction equipment.
Earth Moving Equipment
Dozers, major components,types, sizes of dozers andtheir uses. Haulage andoutput of dozers.
Shovels/Excavators, Majorcomponents and theirfunction, size, capacity andout put of excavator.
Auxiliary equipment like,drag line, clamshell,Rippers ditcher etc.
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Formation/FinishingEquipment
Graders. Major componentstype and size of graders,operation and output of gradesgrading and scarificationoperations.
Scrapper. Major componentstypes and size of scraper.Haulage dumping andscrapping operation andoutput of scrappers.
Compaction Equipment.
Type and size of rollers,compactors and vibratingrollers etc.
Handling and TransportingEquipment
Front End loaders, type andsize of loaders, operation andoutput of FE loaders.
Dump Truck. Truck types,
sizes. Highway and off theroad operation. Output
Cranes. Types of cranes,boom size and liftingcapacities of cranes.
Crushers. Types ofcrushers, Aggregateproduction, screening of crushaggregate, output of crusher.
Transit Mixers. Typesand size of Transit mixer,operation of transit mixers.
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Syllabus
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Batching Plants. Type of batching
plants, their installationand functions.
Concrete Batching
Plant, operation, controland maintenance.Output.
Asphalt BatchingPlant, Size, operation,control andmaintenance. Output
Douglas ,D. G. Calin M.P. and Richard, C. R. (2006 ). ConstructionEquipment Managementfor Engineers,Estimators and Owners.Taylors and Francis Ltd.
b. Peurofy, R. L. andSchexnayder, C. J. ( 2007). Construction Planning,Equipment and Methods.
McGraw-Hill Inc. c. Y. Paktra and M.
Tushnakov. ConstructionEquipment Operationand maintenance.Newnes-Butterworths
LondonSeptember 22, 2013
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Syllabus
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Assessment
ESE
50%
OHT
30%
Quiz
10%
Assignment10%
Practical 50%
Viva 50%
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