construction machines

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Mansoor Azam Qureshi

NUST

CONSTRUCTION

MACHINES


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September 22, 2013Mansoor Azam QureshiNUST, Islamabad

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Construction is the ultimate objective of any design,and the transformation of a design by construction intoa useful structure is accomplished by men andmachines. Men and machines transform a project planinto reality, and as machines evolve there is acontinuing transformation of how projects areconstructed. This subject will describes thefundamental concepts of machine utilization, whicheconomically match machine capability to specificproject construction requirements:

The efforts of contractors and equipmentmanufacturers, daring to develop new ideas,constantly push machine capabilities forward. As thearray of useful equipment expands, the importance ofcareful planning and execution of construction

operations increases.

General


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Need for Construction

Equipment

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To reduce the duration of the process .

To reduce costs .

To reduce (heavy) manual work


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Construction Machines Choice


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The aim of the machine; the work tocarry out the planned technologies

The material / elements to work with The quality to achieve The capacity needed The conditions at the site The schedule The budget


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Simple Machines/Equipment


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Lever

M.A. of a lever = Effort

Arm/Resistance Arm


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6 Wedges



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Simple Machines/EquipmentWheel and Axle


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Simple Machines/EquipmentInclined plain


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L = length of the ramp, measured along the

slope. 1 = height of the ramp

R = weight of the object to be raised, or

lowered. E = force required to raise or lowerthe object.


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Simple Machines/EquipmentScrews


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12 Pulley


count the number of parts of rope going to and from the movable block you can

figure the mechanical advantage


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Advent of Modern Machines


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A machine converts raw power or work into a

useful or productive work. Simple machines

could do this function one at a time with a

limited mechanical advantage and restrictedby the available human or animal power/

energy. Eg. lever could move heavy loads


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Fortunately simple machines could combine to

make more complex machines to make

machines more efficient and valuable. Eg.

Lever and wheel could combine to make abicycle to move heavy load much quickly and

for longer distances.



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Development of energy sources like steam.

Internal combustion and compressed ignition

engines relieved human and animal as power

source and enhanced machine outputmanifold.



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Development in steel and rubber/ nylon

industries resulted in heavier , stronger and

mobile machines of today.



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Parts of Construction Machines


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Platform

Power

Pack

Power

Train

Equipment

or tool


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Tools/equipment define role or work that

machines can perform and become an integral

part. Eg Blades are integral to any dozer.

Often referred as standard equipment.

Tools and Equipment


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Additional equipment can be fixed to a

machine to perform some auxiliary task are

often referred as non standard or optional

equipment.

Tools and Equipment


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Types of Machines


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Earthwork Transportation

Lifting Concrete equipment


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Earthwork Machines

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Dozers, bulldozers Loaders


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Scrapers Graders

Earthwork Machines


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Excavators Power shovel

Earthwork Machines


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Dragline Clamshell

Earthwork Machines


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Lifting Equipment

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Mobile Crane Fixed Crane


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Lifter Gantry

Lifting Equipment


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Transport Equipment

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Dump Truck


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Pumps

Transport Equipment


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Concrete Equipment

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Mixing Batching Plant


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Transit Mixer Internal Vibrator

Concrete Equipment


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External vibrator Concrete Spreader/finisher

Concrete Equipment


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Syllabus

Construction Machines.

Basic Machine like lever,gears, shaft, wedge etc.

Power source for machines/equipment like gasoline,

diesel engines. Standard and special

equipment.

Procurement and selectionof equipment, ownershipand operation cost.

Maintenance and repaircost.

Depreciation andreplacement of equipment,economical life ofconstruction equipment.

Earth Moving Equipment

Dozers, major components,types, sizes of dozers andtheir uses. Haulage andoutput of dozers.

Shovels/Excavators, Majorcomponents and theirfunction, size, capacity andout put of excavator.

Auxiliary equipment like,drag line, clamshell,Rippers ditcher etc.

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Formation/FinishingEquipment

Graders. Major componentstype and size of graders,operation and output of gradesgrading and scarificationoperations.

Scrapper. Major componentstypes and size of scraper.Haulage dumping andscrapping operation andoutput of scrappers.

Compaction Equipment.

Type and size of rollers,compactors and vibratingrollers etc.

Handling and TransportingEquipment

Front End loaders, type andsize of loaders, operation andoutput of FE loaders.

Dump Truck. Truck types,

sizes. Highway and off theroad operation. Output

Cranes. Types of cranes,boom size and liftingcapacities of cranes.

Crushers. Types ofcrushers, Aggregateproduction, screening of crushaggregate, output of crusher.

Transit Mixers. Typesand size of Transit mixer,operation of transit mixers.

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Syllabus


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Batching Plants. Type of batching

plants, their installationand functions.

Concrete Batching

Plant, operation, controland maintenance.Output.

Asphalt BatchingPlant, Size, operation,control andmaintenance. Output

Douglas ,D. G. Calin M.P. and Richard, C. R. (2006 ). ConstructionEquipment Managementfor Engineers,Estimators and Owners.Taylors and Francis Ltd.

b. Peurofy, R. L. andSchexnayder, C. J. ( 2007). Construction Planning,Equipment and Methods.

McGraw-Hill Inc. c. Y. Paktra and M.

Tushnakov. ConstructionEquipment Operationand maintenance.Newnes-Butterworths

LondonSeptember 22, 2013

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Syllabus


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Assessment

ESE

50%

OHT

30%

Quiz

10%

Assignment10%

Practical 50%

Viva 50%

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