Download - CP1610: Introduction to Computer Components
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CP1610:Introduction to Computer Components
Primary Memory
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What is Memory?
Memory is used to:Store data;Store commands (instructions);Store system settings;
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Computer Memory
Three categories of memory devices:Primary Memory;Secondary Memory;Archival Storage Devices;
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What is Primary Memory?
Also called system memory. Essential for computer to operate. Stores data and commands to be used by the
CPU. Stores basic system settings. Two main types:
RAM ROM
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RAM vs. ROM
RAM Random Access
Memory Stores data and
instructions Volatile
Examples: RAM chips CMOS
ROM Read Only Memory Stores basic system
settings Non-volatile
Example: BIOS
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The Primary Memory Hierarchy
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Notes in your locker, car, or at home, are too far away!
Retrieving Data from Secondary Storage
RAM: The book on your desk is much closer!
Cache: The papers in your hand are the next ones you will use!
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RAM on the Motherboard
Static RAM (SRAM) Very fast; Expensive; Does not need to be
refreshed; Used as Cache; On Chip, Coast Card,
or inside CPU;
Dynamic RAM (DRAM) Slow; Cheaper; Needs constant
refreshing; Used as RAM; SIMMs, DIMMs and
RIMMs
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Different Types of DRAM
SIMMSingle Inline Memory Module
DIMMDual Inline Memory Module
RIMMRambus Inline Memory Module
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Installing a SIMM Chip
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Installing a DIMM Chip
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Installing a RIMM Chip
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Older Types of RAM
Conventional RAM Fast Page Memory (FPM) Extended Data Out (EDO) RAM Burst EDO (BEDO) RAM
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Newer Types of RAM
Sychronous DRAM (SDRAM) Synced with system clock
Double Data Rate (DDR) SDRAM Most popular today 184-pin DIMMs 200-pin SODIMMs
Rambus DRAM (RDRAM) Not as common Faster system bus RIMMs
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Cache Memory Very fast SRAM Used to store the very next command or
data needed by the CPU Three Types:
L1L2L3
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Error Correction Method used to:
Detect integrity of data stored in RAMEnsure memory is completePrevent data corruption or loss
Non-Error Correcting Memory:Used in older systems to speed up memory;
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Types of Error Correction
Parity:Older;Cannot correct data corruption;
Error Correcting Code (ECC):Newer;Most widely used;Can correct data corruption;
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How Parity Works
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System Memory
Conventional Memory: First 1 MB of memory; Used to run programs and store system drivers;
High Memory (Hi-Mem): About 64 KB of memory just above the 1 MB point;
Extended and Expanded Memory: Anything above 1 MB; Systems must run in ‘Protected Mode’ to use;
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Available to the user for any software
Reserved for device drivers and system functions
Anything above 1 MB