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CUBISMRaji Arunachalam and Brent Piligian
What is it?
• Louis Vauxcelles coined the term Cubism in 1908• Started in the early 20th century • Primary contributors – Picasso and Braque• Challenged conventional forms of art
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The Cubist painters rejected the inherited concept that art should copy nature, or that they should adopt the traditional
techniques of perspective, modeling, and foreshortening. They wanted instead to
emphasize the two-dimensionality of the canvasMetmuseum.net
Alfred H. Barr, Jr.Made the terms “Analytic” and “Synthetic” Cubism popular, through his books on Cubism and Picasso
The Times and Terms of Cubism
Analytic Cubismpre-1912
• “the early phase of cubism, chiefly characterized by a pronounced use of geometric shapes and by a tendency toward a monochromatic use of color.”
• Monochromatic scheme – color was almost nonexistent
• Natural forms were reduced into basic geometric parts on a two-dimensional plane
Synthetic Cubismpost-1912
• “the late phase of cubism, characterized chiefly by an increased use of color and the imitation or introduction of a wide range of textures and material into painting”
• Collage – mix in signs and fragments of ‘real’ things
• Integration of ‘high’ and ‘low’ art, i.e. art made by an artist combined with art made for commercial purposes
Douglas Cooper
• English Art historian
• Proposes another way to divide up the time of the Cubists
• Three sections
• Early Cubism (1906-1908) – Cubism is developed in the studios of Picasso and Braque
• High Cubism (1909-1914) – Gris emerges as an important player
• Late Cubism (1914-1921) – the last phase of Cubism; “radical avant-garde movement”
Paul Cezanne
Influences
• African Art
• Spanish Art
• Iberian culture
• Art of Oceania
• El Greco
• Paul Gauguin
KEY PLAYERS IN THE FIELD
• Braque – French painter and sculptor
• Picasso – Spanish painter, sculptor, ceramicist, stage designer, printmaker
• Leger – French painter, sculptor and filmmaker
• Gris – Spanish painter and sculptor
PABLO PICASSO
• Born 1881 in Málaga, Southern Spain, died 1973
• Did you know that Picasso’s acquaintances stopped inviting him to view their artworks and such because he incorporated their ideas into his own artwork better than they could?
Les Desmoiselles d’Avignon
1907
Reservoir at Horta, Horta de Ebro
Summer 1909
Oil on canvas
Analytic Cubism
Still life with a bottle of rum
Painted in 1911 in Céret , a small town in the French Pyrenees that was popular with many Cubists. It was called the “spiritual home of
Cubism”.
Analytic Cubism
Still Life with Chair Caning
1912
Synthetic Cubism
Oil on oil cloth over canvas edged with
rope
Bottle and Wine Glass on
a Table1912
Charcoal, ink, cut and pasted newspaper, and
graphite on paper
Picasso’s Guernica 1937, made in response to the Spanish civil War
Picasso’s Guitar
Sculpture made out of sheet metal
1912
Picasso – Self portrait
During his cubism phase
Did other self portraits as well in different styles
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We were like two mountain climbers
roped togetherHistory of Modern Art, Sixth Edition
Braque’s take on his works with Picasso
Referring to their collaboration with one another and the birth of Cubism
Worked face to face and shared their ideas
GEORGE BRAQUE
• Born in 1882 in Argenteuil, Val-d'Oise, died 1963
• Did you know that Braque spent a year and a half in a lot of military hospitals, and was recommended for receiving the Legion of Honor?
Candlestick and Playing Cards on a Table
Oil on canvas
Analytic Cubism
Violin and Jug
1910
Analytic Cubism
Oil on canvas
Violin and Candlestick
1910
Analytic Cubism
Oil on canvas
Violin and Newspaper
1913
Graphite, charcoal, and oil on canvas
Still Life of Bach
1912
Pasted paper and charcoal on paper
Fruitdish and Glass
1912
Pasted paper and charcoals on paper
Houses at L’Etaque
1907
Oil on canvas
Harbor
1909
Oil on canvas
Piano and Mandola
1909-1910
Oil on canvas
Bottle and Musical
Instruments1918
Papier collé
Crayon, charcoal and white chalk on
collaged paper and corrugated
cardboard on primed board
The Pantry
1920
Oil on canvas
JUAN GRIS
• José Victoriano González-Pérez (better known as Juan Gris) was born in Madrid, Spain in 1887, died 1927 in France
• Known as “The Third Cubist”
Man in the Cafe
1912
Oil on canvas
Still Life before an Open Window, Place Ravignan
1915
Oil on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
Guitar, Bottle and Glass
1914
Pasted papers, gouache and crayon on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
Violin and Checkerboard
1913
Oil on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
Portrait of Pablo Picasso
1912
Oil on canvas
Analytic Cubism
The Book
1913
Oil and papier collé on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
The Open Book
1925
Oil on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
The Bunch of Grapes
1924
Oil on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
Table Overlooking the
Sea
1925
Oil on canvas
Synthetic Cubism
Portrait of the Artist’s Mother
1912
Oil on canvas
Analytic Cubism
FERNAND LÉGER
• Born 1881 in Argentan, France, died 1955 in Gif-sur-Yvette, France
• Rather than following in the footsteps of the founders of Cubism (manipulating planes and forms), Léger concentrated more on color and shape
La femme en bleu(The woman in blue)
1912
Oil on canvas
Contrast of Forms
1913
Oil on burlap
One of the series Contrast of Forms
The bargeman
1918
Oil on canvas
Three Women
1921 – 1922
Oil on Canvas
Soldier with a Pipe
1916
Oil on Canvas
“Cubism is not either a seed or a fetus, but an art dealing
primarily with forms, and when a form is realized it is
there to live its own life”
Marius de Zayas, 1923