Download - Data collection and instrumentation reported
Data Gathering
and
Research
Instruments
QUANTITATIVE TYPE OF RESEARCH
Methodoly of
Research
(Educ 503)
ELAINE BALEN-CLIMACOSA
Quantita
tive
Rese
arch
This approach typically
concentrates on
measuring or counting
and involves collecting
and analyzing numerical
data and applying
statistical tests.
“The collection of
numerical data in order to
explain, predict and/or
control phenomena of
interest.”
L.R.
Gay
Grant
Henning
“The kind of research that
involves the tallying,
manipulation, or
systematic aggregation of
quantities of data.“
“An inquiry into a social or human
problem based on testing a theory
composed of variables, measured
with numbers, and analyzed with
statistical procedures, in order to
determine whether the predictive
generalizations of the theory hold true.”
John W. Creswell
DATA
o These are “Raw Materials” with which an
evaluation is built.oAre systematically collected information
relevant to your program
that will be used in assessing whether your
program achieved its
objectives.surv
eys
qu
esti
on
nair
es
inte
rvie
ws
Talli
es
from
lo
gs
Info
rmati
on
fro
m
scale
s a
nd
self
-assessm
en
ts
in an established systematic
fashion that enables one to answer stated
research questions, test
hypotheses, and evaluate
outcomes.
The process of gathering and
measuring information on
variables of interest
DATA COLLECTION
Ability to
answer
research
questions
accurately
Ability to
validate the
study
Having fair
findings
resulting in
worthy
resources
Leading other
researchers to
pursue fruitful
avenues of
investigation
Not to cause
harm to
human
participants
and animal
subjects
Data
Colle
ction
It involves
administering
instruments as well
as gathering and
organizing
responses and
measures for
analysis.
1. Identify Data Types and
Sources 2. Identify Who Will Be
Involved 3. Set a Schedule 4. Train Your Data Collectors 5. Pilot Test Your Collection
Processes 6. Implement Your Data
Collection
STEP
S…
INSTR
UM
EN
T
Is the generic term that researchers use for a measurement device
"Careful planning for data collection can help with setting realistic goals.
Data collection instrumentation, such as surveys, physiologic measures (blood pressure or
temperature), or interview guides, must be identified and described.
Using previously validated collection instruments can save time and increase the study's
credibility. Once the data collection procedure has been
determined, a time line for completion should be established."
(Pierce, 2009, p. 159)
INSTRUMENT
INSTRUMENTATION
• SURVEY
• TEST
• QUESTIONNAIRE
• THE COURSE ACTION• THE PROCESS OF DEVELOPING• TESTING• USING OF DEVICE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INSTRUMENT
AND INSTRUMENTATION
QU
ESTIO
NN
AIR
E The most common
instrument or tool of
research for obtaining
data within or beyond
the physical reach of the observer.
TW
O FO
RM
S O
F
QU
ESTIO
NN
AIR
E
Closed form/Closed-ended
Are you pregnant?
Are you happy?
Is he dead? What was your high
school experience
like?
What makes the
leaves change
color?
Open-form/open-ended
GU
IDELI
NES IN
U
SIN
G
QU
ESTIO
NN
AIR
E
oClarity of languageoSingleness of purposeoRelevance to the
objective of the studyoCorrect grammar
Adva
nta
ges…
oFacilitates data gathering
oEasy to test data for
reliability and validity
oLess in time-consuming
than in interview and
observation
oPreserves the anonymity
and confidentiality of the
respondents’ reactions and
answers
Dis
adva
nta
ges…
oPrinting and mailing are
costlyoResponse rate maybe low
oRespondents may provide
only socially acceptable
answersoThere is less chance to
clarify ambiguous answers
oRespondents must be no
physical handicapsoRate of retrieval can be
low
PU
RPO
SE O
F
INTERV
IEW
oTo collect data
oTo verify information
gathered from written
sources
oTo clarify points of
information
oTo update information