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Diocletian, Tetrarch, Constantine
Audrey Palmer, Reeves Oyster, Bry Rechan
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Diocletian-General Info1.Ruled from 284-305 AD2.Put an end to “Military
Anarchy” or “Imperial Crisis” phase
3.Laid the groundwork for the second phase of the Roman Empire “Tetrarchy” or “Byzantine Empire”
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Diocletian-Life1. Born 236/237 AD2. Born to low status family, rose
through military ranks to become Cavalry commander under Carus
3. Wife was Prisca, Daughter Valeria 4. Wanted to be famous5. Known as being shrewd, able, and
ambitious6. Seeked victory rather than glory
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Diocletian-Rule1. Took over power after Carus struck by
lightning2. Roman Empire in turmoil - Emperors
insecure3. Brought the army under control
a. Separated army into “border troops”4. Goal: Restore effective government and
economic prosperity5. Economy
a. Revised tax systemb. Identified “compulsory services”
6. Abdicated after 20 years - tired
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Tetrarchy-The Basics1.A form of
government where power is divided among 4 people
2. Instituted by Diocletian in 293
3.Lasted until 313
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Tetrarchy-The Specifics1. Imperial Players
a. 2 Senior Emperors i. Maximilian (West)ii. Diocletian (Southeast)
b. 2 Junior tetrarchsi. Galerius (East) (Suppress
conflicts in Syria and Egypt)ii. Constantius (Northwest)
(Suppress revolts in Britain in Gaul)
2. Where?a. 4 Capitals
i. Nicomedia (Base for defense)ii. Sirmium iii. Mediolanum iv. Augusta Treverorum
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Tetrarchy-Why?1. Epidemic outbreak2. Enemies attacking
a. Sassanid Persians from East
b. Germanic tribes from North
3. There was Roman Generals in the civil war to help control the empire.
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Constantine-Rise to Power
1.312: Becomes official Western Roman Emperor
2.324: Defeats Licinius to become sole emperor- unifies Roman empire rules until 337
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Constantine-Politics1. New Capital
a. Rome not in a good locationb. Citizens angry with Constantine
because conversion to Christianity
c. New Capital=Constantinople2. New Constitution
a. Despotism= a single entity (emperor) rules with absolute power
b. 4 Great Praefectures- East, Illyricum, Italy, Gaul
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Constantine-Religion1. Edict of Milan (313)- first emperor to
legalize Christianity and allow freedom of worship
2. Attends Council of Nicea- meeting of churches to establish truth in controversial Christian doctrine a. Emperor=spiritual head of church
3. Credited with converting Roman empire to Christianity