Download - Epilepsy Fact Sheet Presentation
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Epilepsy
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Purpose The purpose of this presentation
is to introduce the information
about Epilepsy.
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Contents
1. What is Epilepsy 2. Statistics
3. Types of Epilepsy
4. Causes
5. Symptoms
6. Treatments 7. Dos and Donts
8. Teaching Strategies
9. New Medical Discoveries
10. Adaptive/Assistive Technology
11. Driving Laws for Epilepsy
12. Resources
13. Quiz
14. References
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1. What is Epilepsy?
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Epilepsy is a persistent disorder ofthe nervous system.
It produces periodic or recurring
seizures that affect a variety ofmental and physical functions.
When a person has two or more
unprovoked seizures, they areconsidered to have epilepsy.
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2. Statistics about Epilepsy
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According to the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention:
Epilepsy affects
65 million people worldwide
2.2 million Americans, including:
--300,000 children under the age of 15, and
--570,000 adults age 65 and above.
Epilepsy is the 4thmost common neurologicaldisorder in the U.S. after migraine, stroke, and
Alzheimers disease.
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Epilepsy strikes mainly among the very youngchildren and the very old adults.
Returning veterans who have traumatic brain injuryshow an increased risk of developing epilepsy.
Many questions about seizures remainunanswered. Currently no sure cure exists forepilepsy.
Researchers are searching for answers by looking atnew ways to treat epilepsy and determine its cause.
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3. Major Types of Epilepsy
Types of Epilepsy Generalized Epilepsy Partial Epilepsy
Idiopathic (genetic causes) - Childhood absence
epilepsy
- Juvenile myoclonic epilepsy- Epilepsy with grand-mal
seizures on awakening
Others
- Benign focal epilepsy of
childhood
Symptomatic (cause
unknown) or cryptogenic
(cause unknown)
- West syndrome
- Lennox-Gastaut syndrome
- Others
- Temporal lobe epilepsy
- Frontal lobe epilepsy
Others
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Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsy
In idiopathic generalized epilepsy,
there is often, but not always, a
family history of epilepsy.
Idiopathic generalized epilepsytends to appear during childhood
or adolescence.
People with idiopathic generalizedepilepsy have normal intelligence
and the results of the neurological
exam and MRI are usually normal.
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Idiopathic Partial Epilepsy
Idiopathic partial epilepsy begins
in childhood(between ages 5 and
8) and may have a family history.
It is also known as benign focal
epilepsy of childhood (BFEC).
Idiopathic partial epilepsy is
considered one of the mildesttypes of epilepsy. It is almost
always outgrown by puberty and
is never diagnosed in adults.
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Symptomatic Generalized Epilepsy
In addition to seizures,
these patients often have
other neurological problems,
such as mental retardationor cerebral palsy.
Multiple types of seizures (generalized tonic-
clonic, tonic, myoclonic, tonic, atonic, andabsence seizures) are common in these patientsand can be difficult to control.
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Symptomatic Partial Epilepsy
Symptomatic partial (or focal) epilepsy is themost common type of epilepsy
that begins in adulthood,
but it does occur frequentlyin children.
Sometimes these brain abnormalities can beseen on MRI scans, but often they cannot beidentified, despite repeated attempts,because they are microscopic.
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4. CausesGenetic or hereditary
Congenital neurological conditions
Trauma with brain injury
Stroke Brain tumors
Infections such as meningitis and encephalitis
Multiple sclerosis
Toxins, such as carbon monoxide and lead
Idiopathic (unknown or genetic)
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5. SymptomsAn epileptic seizure usually lasts a few seconds to a few
minutes. Symptoms you may see are:
Confusion
Wide open eyesthat have a blank stare or are
constantly blinking
Jerking of hands, legs, or face
Breathing that slows or stops
Bluish lips, nail beds, and face if breathing is affected
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Stiff arms or legs
Strange or small constantmovements, such as pickingat clothes or lip smacking
Loss of consciousness
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6. Treatments Drugs
Surgery
Vagus Nerve Stimulation (VNS)
Special dietary program
Epilepsy is usually controlled, but not cured,with medication, although surgery may be
considered in difficult cases. In some cases theimplantation of a stimulator of the vagus nerve,or a special diet can be helpful.
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7. DO and DONT During an
Epilepsy
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Loosen tight neckwear.
Remove glasses if worn.
Check to see if theperson is carrying an ID or wearing an SOSTalisman or any Medic Alert jewelry, as this
may give information about the seizure typeand medication.
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Clear any frothy saliva from the mouth
and check the airway.Reassure the person during any period
of confusion which may follow
As soon as the convulsions
subside, turn the person
onto his/her side into therecovery position to aid
breathing.
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What Not to Do
DO NOT move the person while theseizure is in progress, unless he/she is inimmediate danger (e.g. in a busy road, atthe top of a flight of stairs, at the edge ofwater, or near a fire).
DO NOT restrict movements.
DO NOT attempt to lift the person up.
DO NOT try to give anything by mouth.
DO NOT interfere with the person in theperiod immediately after the seizure. Letthem recover in peace and quiet, but staywith them until any confusion has passed.
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Do not hold or tie the person
down.
Donotplace anything in theperson's mouth or try to force
his teeth apart. The person is
not in danger of swallowinghis tongue.
Donotpour any liquid into
the person's mouth or offer
food or medicines until he is
fully awake.
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8. Teaching Students with Epilepsy:
Strategies
Children with epilepsy often experience learning issuesas a result of their seizures. These may include
ongoing problems with motor skills or cognitive functions,as well as difficulty in acquiring new skills
or knowledge due to a vulnerable working memory thatresults from the seizure disorder. The fact that
epilepsy is associated with such wide-ranging
learning problems makes it critical that children
With epilepsy have the appropriate supports
at school in order to realize their potential.
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The key to helping students with epilepsy
reach their full potential in school and
beyond is to provide them
with opportunities that
take into account theirrange of learning problems,
including difficulties with speech andlanguage, attention, and memory.
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Strategy 1: Curriculum Adaptation
To help students with epilepsy bypass a
vulnerable working memory, teachers can
adapt some of their activities to focus less on
retrieval of information and more onrecognition tasks. In other words, students
with memory problems can show their
understanding of a concept by responding toquestions or prompts that use the information
they know.
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Example 1: Language Arts
Use a graphic organizer, such as a web, to
display the characters, plot, themes, andsettings in a novel. Ask the student to fill in
information as its being read, or have the
student read while you log the information
.
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Have the student use index cards to
make a timeline of key events in a story.Later, the student can use the index cards
as triggers for recounting the plot.
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Strategy 2: Thematic Teaching
Another strategy for helping students withepilepsy is Thematic Teaching. Thematicteaching canexpose the students to the newinformation as often as possible, engage themin learning the same concepts and skills manytimes throughout the day. This can be practicedwith the cooperation of regular classroom
teacher, individual tutorials, homereinforcement and interventions, andoccupational therapies, all of which touch uponsome of the same topics.
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Strategy 3: Tutorial
One-on-one tutorials can support the regularcurriculum by addressing the same themes
and topics multiple times. However, tutorials
can also provide the student with a morefocused look at new concepts, as well as
practice at the process of learning.
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9. New Medical Discoveries Calcium and vitamin D improve
bone density in patients taking
antiepileptic drugs
Chronic epileptic seizure prevented
by low-frequency repetitive
transcranial magnetic stimulation
(rTMS)
50 years after valproate was first
discovered, research published in
the journal Neurobiology of Disease,
reports how the drug works to block
seizure progression.
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Gene that fosters synapse formation in the brain has Implications for
language development, autism, epilepsy.
Brain study uncovers vital clue in bid to beat epilepsy - role played by proteinBDNF identified
Scientists have discovered two new genes linked to severe forms of
childhood epilepsy, a breakthrough reached with new genetic technology,
according to a study published in the journal Nature.
Antiepileptic Drug Use While Pregnant Impacts Early Child Development
2-Week Treatment Found To Prevent Epilepsy In Mice Gives Hope For Drug
Development
A large scientific study has discovered new genes causing severe seizure
disorders that begin in babies and early childhood. The finding will lead to
new tests to diagnose these conditions and promises to lead to improved
outcomes.
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10. Adaptive/Assistive Technology
Flicker-free monitors
Auto-Dial Feature in
Telephones
Electronic Organizers
Picture Exchange
Communication Systems
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11. Driving Laws for Epilepsy
Every state regulates driver'slicense eligibility of persons withcertain medical conditions. Themost common requirement forpeople with epilepsy is that they
be seizure free for a specificperiod of time and submit aphysician's evaluation of theirability to drive safely.
Another common requirement
is the periodic submission ofmedical reports, in some statesfor a specified period of timeand in others for as long as theperson remains licensed.
2 h
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12. Where can I get more
information?
Epilepsy Foundation4351 Garden City DriveLandover , MD 20785-7223Phone: 1- 800 - 332-1000Web Address:http://http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org
American Epilepsy Society342 North Main StreetWest Hartford , CT 06117-2507Phone: 1- 860 - 586-7505Web Address: http://www.aesnet.org
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13. Quiz1. When a person has two or more unprovoked seizures, they
are considered to have epilepsy.a. True b. False
2. Diabetes is one of the causes of Epilepsy.
a. True b. False
3. One of the symptoms of Epilepsy is insomnia.
a. True b. False
4. When a student starts seizure, the teacher should call 911right away and move the student out of the class.
a. True b. False
5. Students with Epilepsy can benefit from Thematic Teaching.
a. True b. False
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14. References
"Epilepsy." FamilyDoctor.org. Information Page. (accessed November 27,2013)http://familydoctor.org/online/famdocen/home/common/brain/disorders/214.printerview.html
"Facts about Epilepsy." Epilepsy Institute. Information Page. (accessed
November 27, 2013) http://www.epilepsyinstitute.org/facts/index.htm
Marshall G. Letcher, Roy Sucholeiki, and Fran Hodgkins. Epilepsy, The GaleEncyclopedia of Neurological Disorders, Second Edition. Ed. Brigham Narins.Detroit: Gale, 2012. 2 vols.
Teaching Students with Epilepsy: Strategies for Educators. Growing up withEpilespy.Information Page. (accessed November 30, 2013)http://www2.massgeneral.org/childhoodepilepsy/pdf/strategies_for_educators.pdf
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http://www.epilepsyfoundation.org/resources/Driving-Laws-by-State.cfm
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