EV Charging Infrastructure DC fast charge solutions
November 24th, 2011 / Steven Dorresteijn
EV Charging Infrastructure products Agenda
Introduction to ABB
Why to invest in EV Charging infrastructure?
The challenges in EV fast charging
Our fast charging products
ABB products will connect your business within the value chain
Where do we envision fast charging stations to emerge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 2
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 3
A global leader in power and automation technologies Leading market positions in main businesses
124,000 employees in about 100
countries
$32 billion in revenue (2010)
Formed in 1988 merger of Swedish
(Asea) and Swiss engineering
companies (Brown Boveri).
Predecessors founded in 1883 (Asea)
and 1891 (Brown Boveri)
Publicly owned company with head
office in Switzerland
Power and productivity for a better world ABB‟s vision
As one of the world‟s leading engineering companies, we
help our customers to use electrical power efficiently, to
increase industrial productivity and to lower environmental
impact in a sustainable way.
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 4
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 5
EV Charging Infrastructure
The Product Group is located in Rijswijk (HQ)
and Eindhoven (Software development center),
the Netherlands
The product group is part of the Discrete
Automation and Motion division
Epyon/ABB has 6 years of experience in DC fast
charging and commercial products in the field
since May 2010
Epyon (70+ FTE) was an early leader in DC fast
charging infrastructure
On July 1st, 2011 ABB strengthened it‟s EV
charging activity by acquiring Epyon B.V.
Product Group in ABB
Headquarters, Rijswijk, the
Netherlands
Software development center at high-
tech campus, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 6
Delivered the first commercial fast charger in Europe
• Opening of a 50 kW fast
charging station in
Leeuwarden, The Netherlands.
• Europe‟s first
• Ceremonial opening by Prince
Maurits van Oranje
• Utilized several times a day by
a local taxi company since
May 2010
• In cooperation with
Essent/RWE and Tamoil
May 2010: Opening the first 50 kW DC fast charger
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 7
Charging Infrastructure The benefits of the Epyon acquisition in 2011
Epyon acquisition
Large customer base in Europe
Speed & products available
Modular product architecture
Software & connectivity concept
and software product roadmap
Extensive know-how on Li-ion
batteries / Standardization
ABB
Global Sales, Marketing and
Service network, incl. Americas
and Asia
Brand name
Second generation power
electronics platform
Global manufacturing footprint
Global supply chain
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 8
Producing, shipping and delivering today The DC fast charger market is taking off rapidly
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 9
Production plant (HU)
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 10
Producing, shipping and delivering today Many installations worldwide
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 11
Producing, shipping and delivering today Many installations worldwide
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 12
Producing, shipping and delivering today Preferred supplier to Nissan
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 13
Producing, shipping and delivering today Installation process of a Terra 51 DC charger
ABB DC fast charge installations
Actual:
Germany, The Netherlands, UK, Ireland, Finland, Denmark, Sweden, Norway,
Switzerland, Austria, France, Czech, Hungary, Turkey, Italy, Hong Kong, Chili,
China
Expected soon:
Belgium, USA, Estonia, Bulgaria, Korea, Taiwan
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 14
Proven technology in the field since early 2010
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 15
ABB has over 6 years of experience in fast charging technology for Li-ion batteries
The result of 6 years of testing is a database with over
2 billion measurements
Using computer controlled
test equipment Experience on a wide range of
batteries & charging profiles
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 16
Our role in the charging market Actively involved in standard setting worldwide
Standard
setting
Contributing to:
Active CHAdeMO member
Certification Cooperations
EV Charging Infrastructure products Agenda
Introduction to ABB
Why to invest in EV Charging infrastructure?
The challenges in EV fast charging
Our fast charging products
ABB products will connect your business within the value chain
Where do we envision fast charging stations to emerge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 17
Until recently EV‟s could only be slow charged and their daily use was limited
Observations
An average monthly driving distance
of roughly 200 km
Only a small percentage of the battery
capacity is used (average DOD ±50%)
EV drivers reported to experience
range anxiety – the fear to run out of
range with the vehicle
TEPCO EV study – Vehicle movements slow charge only
BEFORE the introduction of fast charging
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 18
Fast charging increases the usage of the vehicle from 200 km to 1500 km per month
BEFORE the introduction of fast charging AFTER the introduction of fast charging
TEPCO EV study – Vehicle movements
During this study EV users were offered the use of CHAdeMO fast chargers
which offered them a recharge to 80% in less than 30 minutes
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 19
The TEPCO study became a success and a roll-out to the rest of the world is underway
Current status of CHAdeMO in
Japan
More than 1000 DC fast
charging station realized
Ramp-up of production of a
wide range of CHAdeMO
compatible vehicles
More than 20.000 CHAdeMO
vehicles sold
TEPCO EV study – After life
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 20
Consumers like to have these fast charge options available to extend the EVs‟ range
22,5 hours
300 km
16 hours
100 km
15 hours
300 km
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 21
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 22
The difference between AC charging and DC charging
CHAdeMO
module
DC Fast
Charging
Station
On-board
Charger
Li-ion battery
BMS
AC Charging DC Charging
Low power AC at home & work, public charging is DC
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 23
DC fast charging is significantly more capital efficient than AC fast charging
CHAdeMO
module
DC Fast
Charging
Station
On-board
Charger
Li-ion battery
BMS
Every vehicle needs to have it‟s own
costly onboard equipment
Infrastructure investment is shared with
roughly hundreds of users
AC Charging DC Charging
EV Charging Infrastructure products Agenda
Introduction to ABB
Why to invest in EV Charging infrastructure?
The challenges in EV fast charging
Our fast charging products
ABB products will connect your business within the value chain
Where do we envision fast charging stations to emerge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 24
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 25
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
Case
Man arriving at L3 fast charging
station
The car can do a maximum charge
of 15 minutes to 80% capacity
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 26
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
How should we charge?
Suppose we
know that this
man wants to
drive away in 25
minutes
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 27
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
Suppose we
know that this
man wants to
drive away in 25
minutes
From a battery life perspective:
As slow as possible
25 minutes in stead of 15 minutes
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 28
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
Suppose we
know that this
man wants to
drive away in 25
minutes
Suppose we also
know that
electricity is
peaking and will
be less expensive
in 10 minutes
How should we charge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 29
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
Suppose we
know that this
man wants to
drive away in 25
minutes
Suppose we also
know that
electricity is
peaking and will
be less expensive
in 10 minutes
From cost perspective:
Wait 10 minutes
Perform a 15 minute fast charge
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 30
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
Suppose we
know that this
man wants to
drive away in 25
minutes
Suppose we also
know that
electricity is
peaking and will
be less expensive
in 10 minutes
How should we charge?
Suppose the
station operator
knows that a new
vehicle will arrive
in 10 minutes
which needs all
available power
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 31
Let‟s translate to EV deployment
Suppose we
know that this
man wants to
drive away in 25
minutes
Suppose we also
know that
electricity is
peaking and will
be less expensive
in 10 minutes
Suppose the
station operator
knows that a new
vehicle will arrive
in 10 minutes
which needs all
available power
From a service perspective:
10 minute fast charge
15 minute slow top-off
Release power for other vehicle
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 32
EVs with the capability to charge at 50 kW DC have reached our markets today
LCVs
2011 History 2012 2013
Fiat/Microv.
Doblo/Fiorino
Peugeot/Citroen
Partner/Berlingo
Renault
Kangoo EV
Ford
Connect
Mercedes
Vito E-cell
A- and B-
segment
Mitsubishi
i-MiEV
Smart ED
Renault
Zoe ZE
Toyota
FT-EV
Peugeot
iOn
Citroën
C-Zero
C- and D-
segment
G-segment
and SUVs Tesla Roadster
Renault
Fluence ZE
Nissan
Leaf
Micro-cars and concept cars
Think City Renault
Twizy ZE
Volkswagen
E-Motion
Legend: Black Only AC slow charging (3-6 kW) Blue DC fast charging (50 kW)
Red / Green AC semi-fast charging (6 - 20 kW)
Today
Beyond
BMW
ICV & UCV
BMW
i3
Tesla Model S ?
Volvo
C30 Electric
Audi
A2
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 33
The Standardization Landscape One objective: safe, simple, affordable, effective, global
Standard
released
Standard
intended
China Europe Industry defacto US
Standard
for review
communication
IEC 61851-1
Charging „mode1-4‟
IEC 61851-24
Car – charge pole
Power flow
IEC 61851-23
DC charge station
IEC 61851-21
AC/DC supply
IEC 61851-22
AC charge station
IEC 62196-2
Socket/plug (new)
IEC 60309-2
Socket/plug (old)
SAE J1772
Charging „level1-3‟
AC Plug/socket
SAE J2293
Vehicle-pole-grid
SAE J2847
-1:Veh.-pole-grid
-2:DC charger
-3:rev. power flow
-4: car-pole
-5: car-user
SAE J2836-(1-5)
Use cases
SAE J2931
SG interface
SAE J1772
Update
DC charging
CHAdeMO
DC fast charging
GB/T XXXX-201x
Covers everything
The AC charging systems for EVs are generally much slower than DC variants
Connection
Cars on OEM
roadmap until
2013
Practically all
EVs
German / US
OEMs
Range added through 30 min charging [km]
AC Technology DC Technology
3-6kW 11kW
22kW
50kW
80/90kW
120kW
European standardization combo plug post 2012
Mennekes 20/40kW AC 3 phase
80/90 kW 200A 600V DC
Pushed by Audi, BMW, Daimler, Porsche, and
Volkswagen, in close cooperation with American
vehicle manufacturers (GM and Ford).
This universal charging system needs only a
single charging interface at the vehicle allowing
the customer to charge with all existing charging
methods: one phase AC-charging, fast three-
phase AC-charging, DC-charging at home or
ultra-fast DC-charging at public charging
stations.
EV Charging Infrastructure products Agenda
Introduction to ABB
Why to invest in EV Charging infrastructure?
The challenges in EV fast charging
Our fast charging products
ABB products will connect your business within the value chain
Where do we envision fast charging stations to emerge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 36
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 37
EV Charging Infrastructure Product portfolio overview
Terra DC Fast Chargers
Webconnected intelligent DC fast
charging systems
Galaxy management
tools
Webbased management tools for
site management, statistics and
configuration
Houston API Suites
Professional backoffice
integration interfaces
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 38
Our Terra product line has been designed to cover a wide range of needs
Our Multi-Port Solution All-in one stations
Modular design
Future Proof
Software controlled
Connected
Intelligent
NEW
Terra 100.2 Terra 51 Terra 51 with AC
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 39
The Terra all-in one station has been designed as a more cost effective system for single outlet market
Terra 51 system Modular construction design
Future Proof
Software controlled
(less dependent on protocol / connector)
Connected
IT interface for control and information
Remote control and servicing
Intelligent
Power routing / load control capabilities
per site
Multi protocol capabilities
Standalone, easy to install, cost effective solution especially aimed at small fleet
owners and small & medium sized enterprises
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 40
The Terra Multi-port system has been designed for the public domain Modular
Multiple 50 kW outlets
Future Proof
Software controlled
(less dependent on protocol / connector)
Customized performance per site
Connected
IT interface for control and information
Remote control and servicing
Intelligent
Power routing / load control capabilities
per site
Multi protocol capabilities
Terra 100.2 system
Power electronics are out of sight allowing for more flexible site design, less impact
on public space and improved yearly running cost
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 41
The dual outlet charge post can charge multiple cars simulaneously
Output configurations
1 x DC 50kW CHAdeMO
2 x DC 50kW CHAdeMO
Combo Coupler / DC-over-Type-2 ready
Interface options
Full color LCD screen
3rd party POS system (RFID or else)
Software POS on LCD screen
Elegant space saving design allows less impact on public space and installation
close to the vehicle‟s parking space
Terra Charge Post
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 42
The Terra all-in one station with AC option Terra 51 system with AC Option
Modular construction design
Future Proof
Software controlled
Connected
IT interface for control and information
Remote control and servicing
Intelligent
Power routing / load control capabilities
per site
Multi protocol capabilities
AC option
11-22 kW, Type 2, Mode 3, Certified
Metering
Standalone, easy to install, cost effective solution especially aimed at small fleet
owners and small & medium sized enterprises with AC outlet
NEW
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 43
The Luna module enables fast charging to a retrofit or OEM EV according CHAdeMO standard
Luna interface module Converts any retrofit or OEM EV (with a Li-
ion battery suitable for fast charging) to fast
charge according to the CHAdeMO standard
To be connected to any BMS or VMS
Easy design-in
Preassembled connection box for
electric vehicles
Includes CHAdeMO female charge
connector and prewired safety
contactors
Adapts your EV‟s quickly to the CHAdeMO fast charging standard
EV Charging Infrastructure products Agenda
Introduction to ABB
Why to invest in EV Charging infrastructure?
The challenges in EV fast charging
Our fast charging products
ABB products will connect your business within the value chain
Where do we envision fast charging stations to emerge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 44
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 45
ABB provides easy & flexible connectivity to enable your business model and back-office
ABB’s
offering
Reliable
technical
integration by
API approach
ABB charging solutions can
communicate to other applications
via an API interface layer
This allows ABB to do remote
monitoring for service and
maintenance purposes
This layer provides you the
interfaces to your applications
These applications can enable
your
Grid load control
Point of sale services
(e.g. billing and white list)
Status information
(e.g. scheduling)
Etc.
Battery API Scheduling
Navigation API Service API
Billing API Grid API
A connected charging infrastructure
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 46
ABB provides easy & flexible connectivity to enable your business model and back-office
ABB’s
offering
Reliable
technical
integration by
API approach
ABB charging solutions can
communicate to other applications
via an API interface layer
This allows ABB to do remote
monitoring for service and
maintenance purposes
This layer provides you the
interfaces to your applications
These applications can enable
your
Grid load control
Point of sale services
(e.g. billing and white list)
Status information
(e.g. scheduling)
Etc.
Battery API Scheduling
Navigation API Service API
Billing API Grid API
A connected charging infrastructure
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 47
Galaxy, Houston and Helios The software services platform
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 48
Connectivity of the Terra chargers Galaxy and Helios
Galaxy
Houston
Helios
Terra
1. The ABB Network
Operations Center
2. 3rd party servicing companies
3. ABB Research
1. Equipment owner or operator
2. End user of the equipment (vehicle driver)
3. Entities impacted by
operating the equipment (Utilities and Grid operators)
4. Entities which could be impacted /
have benefits of the equipment (Retailers, Spot market traders, ..)
Commissioning partners
Maintenance and repair partners
Support partners
NEW
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 49
Professional product support in the field via professionally hosted IT
Network Operations Center (NOC)
The Network Operations Center offers monitoring, remote assistance and remote management
Professionally hosted IT
Platform hosted at a professional third party
A B
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 50
Data Architecture Designed for reliability and security
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 51
Back office integration Basic Architecture
PR
OT
OC
OL
A
DA
PT
ER
S
…
OCNP
PPNP
OCPP
EV CHARGERS HOUSTON CUSTOMER’S
Back Office
Communication Protocol
ABB proprietary
OCPP
AUTHENTICATION
& TRANSACTION
SERVER
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 52
Galaxy webbased management tools
Webbased site management tool Provides management information on all sites, chargers and charge sessions Map view of charger site locations
Real-time status information
Usage statistics
Energy delivered
Remote enable/disable
Feature overview
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 53
Galaxy webbased management tools Feature overview
The Galaxy web application is ABB‟s off-the-shelf management tool designed to
interact seamlessly with any Terra charging system
Tool allows charging infrastructure owners and operators to access real-time status
information and usage statistics from Terra chargers at their sites
An operator can use Galaxy to configure the Terra chargers on their sites according to
their preference
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 54
Back-office integration API‟s Authorization and transaction support
ABB services Client Client‟s customers
protocol adapter
Authorization and
Transaction
messages
The authorization and transaction support APIs connect the chargers to the
customer‟s subscriber management solution and back-office
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 55
Payment methods for DC fast chargers The main customer requests today
Network membership
models
(RFiD smart card)
Flat-fee (€ x / month)
Flat-fee + fee per session
Online / Telco models
(various models)
Flat-fee (€ x / month)
Pay per use
Pay via sms, smartphone,
apps
Direct payment
systems/local
payment models
Pay per use
Free of charge if you buy
coffee/lunch
Credit-card or pay in shop
None of the models seem to focus on payment per kWh!
Time-based or session-based fees are the standard
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 56
Back-office integration API‟s Method 1: Use the built-in RFiD reader with OCPP
Authorisation via an RFiD smart card
can be achieved via the authorisation
functionality in OCPP
The charger ask for verification of the
presented user-ID with the customers
back-office system
At the beginning and end of the
charge session the session data
(kWh, details) is sent to the customer
Back-Office
User presents
RFID card to
Terra for
Authorization
Customer back-office
Aut. & trans. API
Houston server
OCPP • Authorization event
• User ID verification
with customer back-
office
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 57
Back-office integration API‟s Method 2: Cloud authorization via OCPP
Customer back-office
Cloud authorization can simply be achieved via the Remote Start & Remote Stop functionality in OCPP
Enabling a multitude of authorisation mechanisms such as SMS, phone, Apps, smartphones, etc.
At the “start” and “stop” of the session the session data (kWh, details) is sent to the customer back-office
Any other subscriber
management or payment
mechanism at the customer side
Aut. & trans. API
Houston server
OCPP • Remote start event
• Remote stop event
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 58
Back-office integration API‟s Method 3: Direct Link
Customer back-office
A direct connection via Ethernet and an
I/O port Interface Unit can be made to
connect the Terra charge stations with
e.g. local Direct Payment Systems or
Warning / Alarm systems).
The interface is intended for starting /
stopping of transactions, including some
status information on the system.
Aut. & trans. API
Houston server
OCPP • Remote start event
• Remote stop event
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 59
How to deal with transaction and payment? Many local situations have their own system
B2B service software by ABB
• Equipment maintenance
• Technical support
• Smart grid services
• Local load management
• Point-of-Interest data (POI)
• Ancillary sales tools
• Battery health
• Etc.
Open interfaces to B2C service
• Subscriber management
• Payment & transactions
op
en
inte
rfa
ce
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 60
Open Charge Point Protocol (OCPP)
OCPP is an back-office integration protocol specifically designed for EV chargers
OCPP is quickly becoming a standard for EV charger back-office integration
OCPP is an open protocol, no license fees are required.
Specification is managed by steering group including utilities & charger makers
More information can be found at: http://www.ocpp.nl/
The default back-office integration protocol
OCPP
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 61
OCPP implemented in AC charging The current installed base of e-laad since 2009
E-laad & Logica were the first to
implement OCPP large scale with AC
chargers
547 AC chargers with OCPP installed
today since 2009
1500 new chargers allocated and being
installed in the next 12 months, all
based on OCPP
Technology was proven to be robust
and durable
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 62
OCPP is supported Europe-wide Fast growing group of adopters
OCPP is supported by utilities, charger makers and network operators from
Germany, Scandinavia, UK, Ireland, and the Netherlands
The Ireland tenders require OCPP as the nationwide back-office protocol
ABB offers this functionality also on DC chargers
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 63
Many different payment models will be implemented We need standards and open interfaces
Main priorities:
• Create standardized
interfaces short-term
• Interoperability
• Based on open protocols
• Vendor independent, no lock-
in mechanisms
• No license fees
• Not too complicated (long
integration projects)
op
en
inte
rfa
ce
many more....
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 64
Example of one situation Two authentication methods at petrol station
BP petrol station Delfgauw, NL at A13
highway exit
Two payment methods were implemented:
1. Pay € 8,00 in the shop per session
2. Membership model via network
operator theNewMotion (flat-fee+ fee
per session, log-in via RFiD)
Interface to the back-office via OCPP (Open
Charge Point Protocol)
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 65
Example of one other situation Pay-per-use model + ancillary sales
Dual DC fast charger at Novotel Amsterdam
near A10 highway exit
Operated by utility RWE/Essent
Payment method:
1. RFiD cards based membership model
2. Small monthly membership fee with
(RWE/Essent)
3. €4,00 per charge session
4. You can utilize free Wifi at the Novotel
and buy coffee, snacks, lunch, etc.
Interface to the back-office via customized
protocol
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 66
Terra chargers have an optional RFiD reader Enabling authentication via customer supplied cards
Our RFID reader is ISO14443A compliant
It supports the following tag Ics mifare® Standard
mifare® 4k
mifare® Pro X
mifare® Ultralight
mifare® DESFire (Serial No. only)
SLE66R35
SLE44R35
ISO 14443A Tags
The customer to provide a CSV file of UIDs and card numbers
Our current RFID reader does not support encryption;
By the end of 2011 we will switch to a new reader which does.
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 67
Service and Support for Terra Charge Products
Service and support from the people
who know your ABB EV charging
equipment best
Various service level agreements
including:
On call response
Preventive maintenance
Pro-active equipment monitoring
Hard- and Software updates
Hard- & Software support
Remote assistance by our Network operations Center
Network Operations Center (NOC)
EV Charging Infrastructure products Agenda
Introduction to ABB
Why to invest in EV Charging infrastructure?
The challenges in EV fast charging
Our fast charging products
ABB products will connect your business within the value chain
Where do we envision fast charging stations to emerge?
© ABB Group November 22, 2011 | Slide 68
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 69
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 70
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 71
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 72
It is all about making your business model work We are looking forward to (em)power you!
© ABB Group
November 22, 2011 | Slide 73
Contact information
Steven Dorresteijn
Sales Manager Europe
ABB b.v.
Product Group EV Charging Infrastructure
Delftweg 65
2289 BA Rijswijk
The Netherlands
M: +31 6 2342 7031
I: www.epyonpower.com