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FHWA Hydraulics Research ProgramFHWA Hydraulics Research ProgramFHWA Hydraulics Research Programpresented
by
FHWA Hydraulics Research Programpresented
bybyKornel Kerenyi
for the
byKornel Kerenyi
for theUniversity at Buffalo
Monday, October 31, 2011University at Buffalo
Monday, October 31, 2011McLean, VAMcLean, VA
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FHWA Bridge Scour ProgramFHWA Bridge Scour Program
C d f F d l R l ti 23 CFR 650 S b t C• Code of Federal Regulations, 23 CFR 650, Subpart C• National Bridge Inspection Standards• FHWA Coding Guide for Structure Inventory • FHWA Coding Guide for Structure Inventory
• FHWA Recording and Coding Guide for Structure and Appraisal Inventory of the Nations Bridges
• ITEM 113 – Scour Critical Bridges• FHWA Technical Advisory (TA 5140.23) titled “Evaluating Scour at Bridges”
FHWA Scour ProgramFHWA Scour Program
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FHWA Bridge Scour Program (cont’d)FHWA Bridge Scour Program (cont’d)
• FHWA Technical Advisory (TA 5140 23) titled “Evaluating Scour at Bridges”FHWA Technical Advisory (TA 5140.23) titled Evaluating Scour at Bridges• Recommendations for Developing and Implementing a Scour Evaluation
Program • FHWA Publication HEC-18 “Evaluation Scour at Bridges”
• FHWA Publication HEC-18 “Evaluating Scour at Bridges”g g• Bridge Scour Research conducted at the TFHRC Hydraulics Laboratory • Examples: Pressure Flow Scour, Coarse Bed Material Pier Scour, Scour at
Open Bottom Culverts• Bridge Scour Research conducted through National Cooperative Highway
Research Program (NCHRP)
FHWA Scour ProgramFHWA Scour Program
Research Program (NCHRP)
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800
900
1000
60
600
700
800
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from
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otal
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40
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Construction
Concrete
Deterioration
EarthquakeNatural
Steel Fire
Misc.Overlo
adCollis
ionHydraulic
0
Historical Bridge FailuresHistorical Bridge Failures
Co De ECause
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Hurricane Irene in August 2011Hurricane Irene in August 2011
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT
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Super Flood in West Tennessee in May 2010 Super Flood in West Tennessee in May 2010
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Debris Accumulation Debris Accumulation
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Approach Roadway DamageApproach Roadway Damage
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Embankment ErosionEmbankment Erosion
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Bridge ScourBridge Scour
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Bridge ScourBridge Scour
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Structural DamageStructural Damage
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Structural DamageStructural Damage
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Summary of DamageSummary of Damage
• 504 Bridges showed debris accumulation• 415 Bridges had damage to the roadway approaches• 415 Bridges had damage to the roadway approaches• At 362 Bridge Sites, there was channel embankment erosion• 225 Bridges showed scour damage225 Bridges showed scour damage• 115 Bridges suffered some type of structural damage• 54 Bridges required closure54 Bridges required closure
Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee
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Physical Modeling Lab at TFHRC in McLean, VAPhysical Modeling Lab at TFHRC in McLean, VA
FHWA Hydraulics R&D ProgramFHWA Hydraulics R&D Program
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High Performance Computing Simulation Lab at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL
High Performance Computing Simulation Lab at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL
FHWA Hydraulics R&D ProgramFHWA Hydraulics R&D Program
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Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12
• Scour in cohesive Soils/Incipient motion of cohesive soilsScour in cohesive Soils/Incipient motion of cohesive soils• Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows• Pressure Flow Scour RANS CFD ModelingPressure Flow Scour RANS CFD Modeling• Special LES CFD Modeling on Bridge Piers
Applied Hydraulics R&D FY12 Work PlanApplied Hydraulics R&D FY12 Work Plan
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ESTD - ConceptESTD - Concept
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Idea of superposing velocity profilesIdea of superposing velocity profiles
ESTD - ConceptESTD - Concept
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ESTD combines couette flow and pipe flow to produce a log-law velocity profile
ESTD combines couette flow and pipe flow to produce a log-law velocity profile
ESTD - ConceptESTD - Concept
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Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD
ESTD - PIVESTD - PIV
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Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD (cont’d) Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD (cont’d)
ESTD - PIVESTD - PIV
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Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD (cont’d) Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD (cont’d)
ESTD - PIVESTD - PIV
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Log Log –– law velocity profile at the test sectionlaw velocity profile at the test section
ESTD – Velocity ProfilesESTD – Velocity Profiles
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Log Log –– law velocity profile at the test section (cont’d)law velocity profile at the test section (cont’d)
ESTD – Velocity ProfilesESTD – Velocity Profiles
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Velocity Profile Equations Velocity Profile Equations
Laminar Zone:Laminar Zone:
Buffer Zone (Guo 2007):Buffer Zone (Guo 2007):
Turbulent Zone:Turbulent Zone:Turbulent Zone:Turbulent Zone:
ESTD – Velocity ProfilesESTD – Velocity Profiles
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Shear and Normal Force SensorShear and Normal Force Sensor
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force SensorESTD - Shear and Normal Force Sensor
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Specimen I - D50= 0.5 [mm] Specimen II - D50= 2 [mm]
Influence of roughness on shear and lift stressInfluence of roughness on shear and lift stress
Specimen I D50 0.5 [mm] Specimen II D50 2 [mm]
Specimen IV - D50= 5.6 [mm]Specimen III - D50= 2.8 [mm]
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Influence of roughness on shear and lift stress (cont’d)Influence of roughness on shear and lift stress (cont’d)
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Influence of roughness on shear and lift stress (cont’d)Influence of roughness on shear and lift stress (cont’d)
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Kaolin Clay Sample Erosion VideoKaolin Clay Sample Erosion Video
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Normal stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sampleNormal stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sample
V 1 0 [m/s]VAVG= 1.0 [m/s]
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Weight loss during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sampleWeight loss during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sample
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Shear stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sampleShear stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sample
VAVG= 1.0 [m/s]
ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements
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Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows
Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low FlowsFish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows
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CFD Multi Phase Model versus Single Phase Model CFD Multi Phase Model versus Single Phase Model
Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low FlowsFish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows
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CFD (Single Phase) CFD (Single Phase) ( g )Validationwith PIV
( g )Validationwith PIV CFD
PIV
Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low FlowsFish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows
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Proposed Design Charts Proposed Design Charts
CFD
Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low FlowsFish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows
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Proposed Design Charts (cont’d) Proposed Design Charts (cont’d) 1.0
0.7
0.8
0.9
0.4
0.5
0.6
Vi / VAVG
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.00.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8
Distance from Center / Radius
Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low FlowsFish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows
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Velocity Distribution before Scour Velocity Distribution before Scour
Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling
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Shear Stress Distribution before Scour Shear Stress Distribution before Scour
3
3.5
4
2
2.5
3
ear S
tres:
(Pa)
0 5
1
1.5
Wall
She
0
0.5
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Position (m)Position (m)
Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling
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Morphing with Kinetic Entrainment Rate Function used for Equilibrium Scour Profile
Morphing with Kinetic Entrainment Rate Function used for Equilibrium Scour Profile
Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling
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Shear Stress Distribution for Equilibrium Scour Profile Shear Stress Distribution for Equilibrium Scour Profile
2.5
1.5
2
Stre
s: (P
a)
0.5
1
Wall
She
ar
00 1 2 3 4 5 6
Position (m)
Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling
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CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case
Physical Modeling CFD Modeling Pressure Distribution on Pier
Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling
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CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d)
CFD Modeling Wall Shear Stress
Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling
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CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d)
CFD Modeling Horseshoe Vortex Vertical Plane with Streamlines
Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling
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CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour
Physical Modeling CFD Modeling Pressure Distribution on Pier
Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling
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CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d)
CFD Modeling Wall Shear Stress
Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling
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CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d)
CFD Modeling Horseshoe Vortex Vertical Plane with Streamlines
Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling
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Examples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studiesExamples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studiesExamples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studiesExamples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studies
• Hydrodynamic Forces on Submerged Bridge Decks Hydrodynamic Forces on Submerged Bridge Decks • Wave Forces on Bridge Decks
Examples of Applied Hydraulics R&D ProjectsExamples of Applied Hydraulics R&D Projects
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Current Loads on SuperstructureCurrent Loads on Superstructure
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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Definition SketchDefinition Sketch
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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2D PIV for Pressure Flow2D PIV for Pressure Flow
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Velocity Flow Field using PIVVelocity Flow Field using PIV
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Velocity Flow Field using HP CFD ModelingVelocity Flow Field using HP CFD Modeling
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Definition Drag, Lift and Moment CoefficientsDefinition Drag, Lift and Moment Coefficients
1*hfor;LsV5.0
FC 2D
D
F 1*hfor;*hLsV5.0
FC 2D
D
LWV5.0FC 2
LL
LWV5.0MC 22M
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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3.5
Drag Force CoefficientsDrag Force Coefficients
2.5
3
C D
1.5
2
Coef
ficien
t C
0 5
1Drag
C
Fr=0.22 Rs=20292Fr=0.32 Rs=28965Fitting EquationSTAR-CDFl t LES
0
0.5
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5h*
Fluent-LESFluent-K-Epsilon
h
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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0.4
Lift Force CoefficientsLift Force Coefficients
0 4-0.2
00.2
L
-1-0.8-0.6-0.4
Coef
ficien
t CL
-1.6-1.4-1.2
-1
Lift
C
Fr=0.22 Rs=20292Fr=0.32 Rs=28965Fitting EquationSTAR-CD
-2-1.8
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5h*
Fluent-LESFluent-K-Epsilon
h*
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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0.4
Moment CoefficientsMoment Coefficients
0 2
0.3
CM
0.1
0.2
t Coe
fficie
nt
-0.1
0
Mom
ent
Fr=0.22 Rs=20292Fr=0.32 Rs=28965Fitting EquationStar-CD
-0.2
0.1
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5h*
Star-CDFluent-LESFluent-K-Epsilon
h*
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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Summary of the Hydrodynamic Bridge Deck PerformanceSummary of the Hydrodynamic Bridge Deck Performance
Bridge Deck Shape CD CM
2.2 0.62
2.0 0.65
1.0 0.25
Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks
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Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005
Forensic analysis of bridge failures Forensic analysis of bridge failures
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Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)
Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)
Forensic analysis of bridge failures Forensic analysis of bridge failures
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)
Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)
Forensic analysis of bridge failures Forensic analysis of bridge failures
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)
Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)
Forensic analysis of bridge failures Forensic analysis of bridge failures
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Hydraulics Laboratory ExtensionHydraulics Laboratory Extension
May 2011May 2011
October 2011October 2011October 2011October 2011
Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan
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Hydraulics Laboratory Extension (cont’d)Hydraulics Laboratory Extension (cont’d)
Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
New Sediment Recirculation FlumeNew Sediment Recirculation Flume
Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
New Sediment Recirculation Flume (cont’d)New Sediment Recirculation Flume (cont’d)
Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
New Sediment Recirculation FlumeNew Sediment Recirculation Flume
Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan
TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER
New Flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory New Flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory
Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan