fhwa hydraulics research program -...

TURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTERTURNER-FAIRBANK HIGHWAY RESEARCH CENTER

FHWA Hydraulics Research ProgramFHWA Hydraulics Research ProgramFHWA Hydraulics Research Programpresented

by

FHWA Hydraulics Research Programpresented

bybyKornel Kerenyi

for the

byKornel Kerenyi

for theUniversity at Buffalo

Monday, October 31, 2011University at Buffalo

Monday, October 31, 2011McLean, VAMcLean, VA


FHWA Bridge Scour ProgramFHWA Bridge Scour Program

C d f F d l R l ti 23 CFR 650 S b t C• Code of Federal Regulations, 23 CFR 650, Subpart C• National Bridge Inspection Standards• FHWA Coding Guide for Structure Inventory • FHWA Coding Guide for Structure Inventory

• FHWA Recording and Coding Guide for Structure and Appraisal Inventory of the Nations Bridges

• ITEM 113 – Scour Critical Bridges• FHWA Technical Advisory (TA 5140.23) titled “Evaluating Scour at Bridges”

FHWA Scour ProgramFHWA Scour Program


FHWA Bridge Scour Program (cont’d)FHWA Bridge Scour Program (cont’d)

• FHWA Technical Advisory (TA 5140 23) titled “Evaluating Scour at Bridges”FHWA Technical Advisory (TA 5140.23) titled Evaluating Scour at Bridges• Recommendations for Developing and Implementing a Scour Evaluation

Program • FHWA Publication HEC-18 “Evaluation Scour at Bridges”

• FHWA Publication HEC-18 “Evaluating Scour at Bridges”g g• Bridge Scour Research conducted at the TFHRC Hydraulics Laboratory • Examples: Pressure Flow Scour, Coarse Bed Material Pier Scour, Scour at

Open Bottom Culverts• Bridge Scour Research conducted through National Cooperative Highway

Research Program (NCHRP)

FHWA Scour ProgramFHWA Scour Program

Research Program (NCHRP)


800

900

1000

60

600

700

800

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from

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otal

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300

400

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20

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100

200

300N 1

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Construction

Concrete

Deterioration

EarthquakeNatural

Steel Fire

Misc.Overlo

adCollis

ionHydraulic

0

Historical Bridge FailuresHistorical Bridge Failures

Co De ECause


Hurricane Irene in August 2011Hurricane Irene in August 2011


Erosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VTErosion and Scour caused by Hurricane Irene in VT


Super Flood in West Tennessee in May 2010 Super Flood in West Tennessee in May 2010


Debris Accumulation Debris Accumulation

Super Flood in West TennesseeSuper Flood in West Tennessee


Approach Roadway DamageApproach Roadway Damage



Embankment ErosionEmbankment Erosion



Bridge ScourBridge Scour



Structural DamageStructural Damage



Summary of DamageSummary of Damage

• 504 Bridges showed debris accumulation• 415 Bridges had damage to the roadway approaches• 415 Bridges had damage to the roadway approaches• At 362 Bridge Sites, there was channel embankment erosion• 225 Bridges showed scour damage225 Bridges showed scour damage• 115 Bridges suffered some type of structural damage• 54 Bridges required closure54 Bridges required closure



Physical Modeling Lab at TFHRC in McLean, VAPhysical Modeling Lab at TFHRC in McLean, VA

FHWA Hydraulics R&D ProgramFHWA Hydraulics R&D Program


High Performance Computing Simulation Lab at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL

High Performance Computing Simulation Lab at Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, IL

FHWA Hydraulics R&D ProgramFHWA Hydraulics R&D Program


Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12Applied Hydraulics R&D studies for FY12

• Scour in cohesive Soils/Incipient motion of cohesive soilsScour in cohesive Soils/Incipient motion of cohesive soils• Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows• Pressure Flow Scour RANS CFD ModelingPressure Flow Scour RANS CFD Modeling• Special LES CFD Modeling on Bridge Piers

Applied Hydraulics R&D FY12 Work PlanApplied Hydraulics R&D FY12 Work Plan


ESTD - ConceptESTD - Concept


Idea of superposing velocity profilesIdea of superposing velocity profiles



ESTD combines couette flow and pipe flow to produce a log-law velocity profile

ESTD combines couette flow and pipe flow to produce a log-law velocity profile



Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD

ESTD - PIVESTD - PIV


Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD (cont’d) Using PIV to measure velocity profiles in the ESTD (cont’d)

ESTD - PIVESTD - PIV


Log Log –– law velocity profile at the test sectionlaw velocity profile at the test section

ESTD – Velocity ProfilesESTD – Velocity Profiles


Log Log –– law velocity profile at the test section (cont’d)law velocity profile at the test section (cont’d)



Velocity Profile Equations Velocity Profile Equations

Laminar Zone:Laminar Zone:

Buffer Zone (Guo 2007):Buffer Zone (Guo 2007):

Turbulent Zone:Turbulent Zone:Turbulent Zone:Turbulent Zone:



Shear and Normal Force SensorShear and Normal Force Sensor

ESTD - Shear and Normal Force SensorESTD - Shear and Normal Force Sensor


Specimen I - D50= 0.5 [mm] Specimen II - D50= 2 [mm]

Influence of roughness on shear and lift stressInfluence of roughness on shear and lift stress

Specimen I D50 0.5 [mm] Specimen II D50 2 [mm]

Specimen IV - D50= 5.6 [mm]Specimen III - D50= 2.8 [mm]

ESTD - Shear and Normal Force MeasurementsESTD - Shear and Normal Force Measurements


Influence of roughness on shear and lift stress (cont’d)Influence of roughness on shear and lift stress (cont’d)



Kaolin Clay Sample Erosion VideoKaolin Clay Sample Erosion Video



Normal stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sampleNormal stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sample

V 1 0 [m/s]VAVG= 1.0 [m/s]



Weight loss during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sampleWeight loss during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sample



Shear stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sampleShear stresses during the erosion of a Kaolin clay sample

VAVG= 1.0 [m/s]



Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows

Fish Passage in Large Culverts with Low FlowsFish Passage in Large Culverts with Low Flows


CFD Multi Phase Model versus Single Phase Model CFD Multi Phase Model versus Single Phase Model



CFD (Single Phase) CFD (Single Phase) ( g )Validationwith PIV

( g )Validationwith PIV CFD

PIV



Proposed Design Charts Proposed Design Charts

CFD



Proposed Design Charts (cont’d) Proposed Design Charts (cont’d) 1.0

0.7

0.8

0.9

0.4

0.5

0.6

Vi / VAVG

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.00.00.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.8

Distance from Center / Radius



Velocity Distribution before Scour Velocity Distribution before Scour

Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling Pressure Flow Scour CFD Modeling


Shear Stress Distribution before Scour Shear Stress Distribution before Scour

3

3.5

4

2

2.5

3

ear S

tres:

(Pa)

0 5

1

1.5

Wall

She

0

0.5

0 1 2 3 4 5 6

Position (m)Position (m)



Morphing with Kinetic Entrainment Rate Function used for Equilibrium Scour Profile

Morphing with Kinetic Entrainment Rate Function used for Equilibrium Scour Profile



Shear Stress Distribution for Equilibrium Scour Profile Shear Stress Distribution for Equilibrium Scour Profile

2.5

1.5

2

Stre

s: (P

a)

0.5

1

Wall

She

ar

00 1 2 3 4 5 6

Position (m)



CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case

Physical Modeling CFD Modeling Pressure Distribution on Pier

Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling Pier Scour LES CFD Modeling


CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d)

CFD Modeling Wall Shear Stress



CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Flat Bed Case (cont’d)

CFD Modeling Horseshoe Vortex Vertical Plane with Streamlines



CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour

Physical Modeling CFD Modeling Pressure Distribution on Pier



CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d)

CFD Modeling Wall Shear Stress



CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d) CFD DES/LES Pier Modeling for Maximum Scour (cont’d)

CFD Modeling Horseshoe Vortex Vertical Plane with Streamlines



Examples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studiesExamples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studiesExamples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studiesExamples of Completed Applied Hydraulics R&D studies

• Hydrodynamic Forces on Submerged Bridge Decks Hydrodynamic Forces on Submerged Bridge Decks • Wave Forces on Bridge Decks

Examples of Applied Hydraulics R&D ProjectsExamples of Applied Hydraulics R&D Projects


Current Loads on SuperstructureCurrent Loads on Superstructure

Drag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge DecksDrag, Lift and Moments on Inundated Bridge Decks


Definition SketchDefinition Sketch



2D PIV for Pressure Flow2D PIV for Pressure Flow


Velocity Flow Field using PIVVelocity Flow Field using PIV


Velocity Flow Field using HP CFD ModelingVelocity Flow Field using HP CFD Modeling


Definition Drag, Lift and Moment CoefficientsDefinition Drag, Lift and Moment Coefficients

1*hfor;LsV5.0

FC 2D

D

F 1*hfor;*hLsV5.0

FC 2D

D

LWV5.0FC 2

LL

LWV5.0MC 22M



3.5

Drag Force CoefficientsDrag Force Coefficients

2.5

3

C D

1.5

2

Coef

ficien

t C

0 5

1Drag

C

Fr=0.22 Rs=20292Fr=0.32 Rs=28965Fitting EquationSTAR-CDFl t LES

0

0.5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5h*

Fluent-LESFluent-K-Epsilon

h



0.4

Lift Force CoefficientsLift Force Coefficients

0 4-0.2

00.2

L

-1-0.8-0.6-0.4

Coef

ficien

t CL

-1.6-1.4-1.2

-1

Lift

C

Fr=0.22 Rs=20292Fr=0.32 Rs=28965Fitting EquationSTAR-CD

-2-1.8

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5h*

Fluent-LESFluent-K-Epsilon

h*



0.4

Moment CoefficientsMoment Coefficients

0 2

0.3

CM

0.1

0.2

t Coe

fficie

nt

-0.1

0

Mom

ent

Fr=0.22 Rs=20292Fr=0.32 Rs=28965Fitting EquationStar-CD

-0.2

0.1

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5h*

Star-CDFluent-LESFluent-K-Epsilon

h*



Summary of the Hydrodynamic Bridge Deck PerformanceSummary of the Hydrodynamic Bridge Deck Performance

Bridge Deck Shape CD CM

2.2 0.62

2.0 0.65

1.0 0.25



Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005

Forensic analysis of bridge failures Forensic analysis of bridge failures


Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)

Wave Forces on Bridge Decks – Hurricane Katrina 2005 (cont’d)

Forensic analysis of bridge failures Forensic analysis of bridge failures


Hydraulics Laboratory ExtensionHydraulics Laboratory Extension

May 2011May 2011

October 2011October 2011October 2011October 2011

Future Hydraulics R&D Work PlanFuture Hydraulics R&D Work Plan


Hydraulics Laboratory Extension (cont’d)Hydraulics Laboratory Extension (cont’d)



New Sediment Recirculation FlumeNew Sediment Recirculation Flume



New Sediment Recirculation Flume (cont’d)New Sediment Recirculation Flume (cont’d)



New Sediment Recirculation FlumeNew Sediment Recirculation Flume



New Flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory New Flume in the Hydraulics Laboratory



Questions?Questions?

Research that is Essential, Indispensable, and Connected to our Customers

Research that is Essential, Indispensable, and Connected to our Customers

fhwa hydraulics research program -...

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