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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
1 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(01) jfty; cyfpy; fzpdpapd; gq;F (01) kdpj tho;f;ifapy; fzpdpAld; njhlu;ghd jfty; kw;Wk; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gk; kpfTk;
,d;wpaikahj mk;rkhf tpsq;Fk; re;ju;g;gq;fshtd. 1. fy;tpj;Jiw:1. fy;tpj;Jiw:1. fy;tpj;Jiw:1. fy;tpj;Jiw:
gy;Ylfj; njhopDl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jpj; jahupf;fg;gl;l fy;tp epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fis rpukkpd;wp kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; nraw;gLj;jf; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;.
,yj;jpudpay; fy;tp Kiwik(e-Education) %yk; njhiyf; fy;tpapy; xNu jlitapy; Vuhskhd khztu;fSf;F fy;tpia mspf;ff;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.
,yj;jpudpay; fw;if KiwikahdJ (e-Learning) khztu;fSf;F Rafw;wiy Cf;Ftpg;gJld; fy;tpj;Jiwapd; tpidj;jpwidAk; mjpfupf;fr; nra;fpd;wJ.
ghlrhiyf;Fupa juTj; jsq;fisf; ifahs;tjDlhf ghlrhiy epUthf eltbf;iffspy; fzpdp ,d;wpaikahj mk;rkhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. 2. Rfhjhuj; Jiw:2. Rfhjhuj; Jiw:2. Rfhjhuj; Jiw:2. Rfhjhuj; Jiw:
fzpdpapd; JizAld; njhopw;gLfpd;w kUj;Jtg; gFg;gha;T ,ae;jpuq;fspd; %ykhf Jy;ypakhf Neha; epUzak; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,jd; %yk; Rfhjhuj;JiwahdJ jukhdJk;> tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJkhd Nritia kf;fspw;F mspf;fpd;wJ. - CT Scanners, MRI Scanners, ECG, EEG
E-Channeling %yk; njhiytpl itj;jpa epGzu;fisj; njhlu;G nfhs;sf; $ba trjpfs;> njhiy mWitr; rpfpr;ir Kiwfs; Nghd;wtw;wpw;Fk; fzpdp ghupa gq;fspg;igr; nra;fpd;wJ.
3. tq;fp kw;Wk; epjpj; Jiwfs;:3. tq;fp kw;Wk; epjpj; Jiwfs;:3. tq;fp kw;Wk; epjpj; Jiwfs;:3. tq;fp kw;Wk; epjpj; Jiwfs;:
tq;fpfs; kw;Wk; epjp epWtdq;fspd; fpisfs; gpujk mYtyfj;Jld; tiyaikg;gpDlhf njhlu;GgLj;jg;gl;bUg;gjdhy; ve;jnthU tq;fpf; fpisapypUe;Jk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba trjp Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
jd;dpaf;f fhrspg;G ,ae;jpuq;fs; (ATM) %yk; gy;NtW tq;fpfs; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy; tq;fp thbf;ifahsu;fs; jkJ eltbf;iffis ,t;tpae;jpuq;fs; %yk; ,yFtpy; g+u;j;jp nra;af;$bajhf ,Uj;jy;.
Telebanking, Phonebanking, Netbanking Nghd;w NritfspDlhf tq;fpf;Fr; nry;yhJ tq;fpf; fzf;F rhu;e;j eltbf;iffis tPl;bypUe;jthNw Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba trjp. - tq;fpf; fzf;Ffspw;fpilNa gzg;gupkhw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy;. - kpd;rhu> njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzq;fisr; nrYj;Jjy;.
,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp ru;tNjr epjp epWtdq;fSld; ,yFthf nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba trjpfs;.
4. 4. 4. 4. njhlu;ghnjhlu;ghnjhlu;ghnjhlu;ghlw; Jiw:lw; Jiw:lw; Jiw:lw; Jiw:
fzpdpj; njhopDl;gKk;> njhlu;ghlw; njhopDl;gKk; ,ize;J Mw;Wk; Nrit msg;gupad. nry;yplj; njhiyNgrp %yk; clDf;Fld; gpwUld; njhlu;G nfhs;sf;$ba trjpapdhy;
,d;iwa cyfk; RUq;fptpl;lJ vdyhk;. - tPbNah khehL> kpd;dQ;ry; Nrit> njhiyefy; Nrit.
njhiyf;fhl;rp> thndhyp Nghd;w nghJrd Clfq;fs; jkJ njhlu;ghly; eltbf;iffSf;F fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;Jfpd;wd.
Gj;jfq;fs;> rQ;rpiffs; Nghd;wtw;iw kpf tpiuthf tbtikf;fTk;> mr;rplTk; fzpdp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
5. Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw:5. Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw:5. Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw:5. Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiw:
FbtuT> Fbafy;Tj; jpizf;fsk;> Nkhl;lhu; thfdq;fisg; gjpT nra;Ak; jpizf;fsk;> rhujp mDkjpg; gj;jpuq;fis toq;Fk; jpizf;fsk; Nghd;wit jkJ md;whl eltbf;iffis fzpdpapd; cjtpAld; Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.
tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; Jiwapy; tpkhdg; Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghL> tpkhd mDkjpr; rPl;L tpepNahfk;> Mrd xJf;fPL Mfpa eltbf;iffSf;iffspy; fzpdpapd; gq;fspg;G ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.
6. fl;bl epUkhzj; Jiw:6. fl;bl epUkhzj; Jiw:6. fl;bl epUkhzj; Jiw:6. fl;bl epUkhzj; Jiw:
fl;ll epUkhzj; Jiwapy; fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; cWjpahdJk;> rpwe;j Njhw;wk; nfhz;lJkhd fl;llq;fs; mikf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
fzpdpiag; gad;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Fiwe;j nrytpy; R+oy; Neak; kpf;f fl;ll epUkhzg; nghUl;fs; jahupf;ff; $bajhf ,Uj;jy;.
R+oYf;Fg; ghjpg;G Vw;glhj tifapy; efuq;fis xOq;fikf;Fk; gzpfs; fzpdpapd; cjtpAld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd.
7. ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw:7. ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw:7. ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw:7. ghJfhg;Gj; Jiw:
VTfizfis topg;gLj;jy;> mZf;fU ciyfis ,af;Fjy; Nghd;w kpfr; rpf;fyhdJk; Mgj;jhdJkhd eltbf;iffs; fzpdpapd; cjtpia ek;gpAs;sd.
Gydha;Tj; jfty;fisr; Nrfupj;jy;> jftw; gFg;gha;T Nghd;w eltbf;iffSf;F fzpdp gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
2 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
8. fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs;;;:8. fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs;;;:8. fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs;;;:8. fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs;;;:
fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs; gy;NtW taJj; njhFjpapdUf;Fk; nghUe;jf; $bajhfTk;> gy;NtW mwpT Mw;wy; kl;lq;fspw;F Vw;wjhfTk;> tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g gad;gLj;jf; $bajhfTk; ,Uj;jy; ,jd; rpwg;gk;]khFk;. - nr];
,t;tpisahl;Lf;fs; %ykhf Ez;zwpT tpUj;jp Vw;gLtJld;> tpiuthf jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba Mw;wYk;> Mf;fj;jpwDk; tsu;fpd;wd.
fzpdp tpisahl;Lf;fs; clw;fisg;G> csj;jifg;G Mfpatw;iwf; Fiwf;Fk; ClfkhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.
(02) md;whl tho;tpy; vkf;F mbg;gil tpsf;fj;ij mspf;Fk; vt;tifapYk; mike;j Kiwtopg;gLj;jg;glhj vz;fs;> cUf;fs;> vOj;Jf;fs;> gbkq;fs;> mstPLfs; Mfpad nfhz;l njhFjp juTjuTjuTjuT MFk;. Fkhupd; cly; ntg;gepiy> khztd; jtizg; guPl;irapy; ngw;w Gs;spfs;> Nehahspapd; ngau;. (03) Fwpg;gpl;l fUj;ijj; juf;$bajhf rupahf Kiwtopg;gLj;jg;gl;l juTfs; jftjftjftjfty;y;y;y;fshFk;. ,yq;ifapd; ruhrup kiotPo;r;rp> khztd; guPl;irapy; ngw;w nkhj;jg; Gs;spfs;> ruhrupg; Gs;spfs;> f.ngh.j(c.j) Z Gs;sp> filapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s nghUl;fspd; tpiyg;gl;bay;. (04) jfty;fspd; gz;Gfs;:gz;Gfs;:gz;Gfs;:gz;Gfs;:
Nehf;fj;jpw;Fg; nghUe;jf;$bajhf> nrk;ikahf> Nghjpajhf ,Uj;jy;. gadUf;F njspthd tpsf;fKk;> ek;gfk; nfhz;ljhfTk; ,Uj;jy;. rupahd egiu milaj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;. Njitahd Neuj;jpy; jahuhf ,Uj;jy;> jpl;lkhd nghWkhdj;ijf; nfhz;bUj;jy;.
(05) fzpdpapd; tuyhW:
Kw;fhyj;jpy; fzpjr; nra;iffSf;F kdpjdhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;l vspa cgfuzk; vz;rl;lk;vz;rl;lk;vz;rl;lk;vz;rl;lk; MFk;.
fzpdpapd; je;ijahf fUjg;gLgtu; rhu;y;]; ghNg[;rhu;y;]; ghNg[;rhu;y;]; ghNg[;rhu;y;]; ghNg[; Mtu;. Kjy; fzpdpr; nra;epuyuhf fUjg;gLgtu; mlh xf];uhmlh xf];uhmlh xf];uhmlh xf];uh nyt;Ny];nyt;Ny];nyt;Ny];nyt;Ny]; Mtu;. Kjy; kpd;dpay; ,yf;f fzpdpahff; fUjg;gLtJ ENIAC MFk;. fzpdpg; nghwpapy; ngsjpf uPjpahd khw;wq;fis Nkw;nfhs;tJ> mjpy; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;s nra;epuiyg; gad;gLj;jp xU fzpdpapypUe;J gy;NtWtifg;gl;l Ntiyfisr; nra;aKbAk; vd;gJ N[hd; nthd; epAkd; vz;zf;fUN[hd; nthd; epAkd; vz;zf;fUN[hd; nthd; epAkd; vz;zf;fUN[hd; nthd; epAkd; vz;zf;fUthFk;.
re;jjpre;jjpre;jjpre;jjp gad;gLj;jg;gl;l $Wgad;gLj;jg;gl;l $Wgad;gLj;jg;gl;l $Wgad;gLj;jg;gl;l $W gz;Gfs;gz;Gfs;gz;Gfs;gz;Gfs; Kjyhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;
ntw;wplf; Foha;fs; gUkdpy; ngupait. rf;jp Efu;T mjpfk;. mjpf ntg;gk; ntsptply;.
,uz;lhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;
jpuhd;rp];uu; gUkdpy; rpwpaJ. rf;jp Efu;T kpf FiwT. ntg;gk; ntsptply; FiwT.
%d;whk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;
xd;wpize;j Rw;Wf;fs; SSI, MSI,LSI,VLSI
mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd jpuhd;rp];uu;fisf; nfhz;like;jit. tpidj;jpwd; mjpfk;.
ehd;fhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;
Ez;rpy;Yfs; my;yJ Ez;Kiw topahf;fpfs;
tpidj;jpwd; kpf kpf mjpfk;.
(06) fzpdpfis tifg;gLj;jy;: re;jjp mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;.
o Kjyhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;> ,uz;lhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;> %d;whk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;> ehd;fhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs;> Ie;jhk; re;jjpf; fzpdpfs; (nraw;ifahd Ez;zwpT nfhz;lit)
mstpd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;. o kPf; fzpdpfs;> jiyikf; fzpdpfs;> rpW fzpdpfs;> Ez;fzpdpfs;.
gad;ghl;bd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy. o jdpegu; fzpdpfs;> kbf;fzpdpfs; (Note Book,)> cs;sq;iff; fzpdpfs;(PDA),
gzpepiyf; fzpdpfs; (workstation-eg: 3D Graphic Design) gad;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;.
o nghJthd eltbf;iffSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; fzpdpfs;.(md;whl fUkq;fs;) o tpNrl eltbf;iffSf;fhd fzpdpfs;.(tpupthd Muha;r;rp> Aj;j eltbf;if> vz;nza; Ma;T> thdpiy Muha;r;rp)
tbtikg;Gj; njhopDl;gj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;jy;. o ,yf;fKiwf; fzpdpfs;> xj;jpirf; fzpdpfs;> fyg;Gf; fzpdpfs;
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
3 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(02) fzpdp td;nghUl;fs; 1) fzpdpapd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;
fjp> nrk;ik> tpidj;jpwd;> gy;gzpr; nra;gzp> Nrkpj;jYk; kPl;Gk;> Ez;kjpapd;ik> czu;r;rpapd;ik
2) fzpdpapd; gpujhd gzpfs;
cs;sPL> Kiwtopahf;fk;> tUtpisT> Njf;fy;> fl;Lg;gLj;jy;
3) fzpdpf; fl;likg;G
4) fzpdpj; jpiuapd; jd;ikia jPu;khdpg;git.
gpupjpwd;> epwq;fspd; vz;zpf;if> fjpu;g;G
5) fzpdpj; jpiu tiffs;.
fNjhl;Lf; fjpu;f;
Foha;j; jpiu (CRT)>
jputg; gspq;F fhl;Lk;
jpiu (LCD)
6) jputg; gspq;F
fhl;Lk; jpiu (LCD)
rpwg;gk;rq;fs;.
Fiwe;j msT ,lk; Njitg;gly;> Fiwe;j msT kpd;tY Njitg;gly;> jpiuapy; rpkpl;L ,y;yhik
7) jputg; gspq;F
fhl;Lk; jpiu (LCD)
gpujp$yq;fs;.
tpiy mjpfk;> fhl;rpfs; tiuaWj;j tPr;rpy; ,Uj;jy;> Jyq;fiyf; fhl;l mjpf Neuk; vLj;jy;.
8) mr;Rg; nghwpfspd; tiffs;.
• jhf;f mOj;j mr;Rg;nghwp (Gs;sp mikTU> nla;rp rpy;Y> tup mr;Rg; nghwpfs;)
• mOj;jh mr;Rg; ngwpfs; (ik gPr;R> Nyru;> ntg;g mr;Rg; nghwpfs;)
9) epidtf tiffs;.
• jw;Nghf;Fg; ngWtop
• thrpg;G kl;Lk;
• gJf;F epidtfq;fs;
……….…OR………..
• mopjF epidtfk;
• mopTwh epitfk;
10) fzpdpapd; fjp
(Hz)
1000 Hz = 1 kHz
1000 kHz = 1 MHz
1000 MHz = 1 GHz
11) xU jilt fzpj;jiy my;yJ Njf;fj;ij Nkw;nfhs;Sk;NghJ
gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gpw;Wf;fspd; (bits)
vz;zpf;if ikaKiwtop myfpd; nfhs;ssT (nrhy;ypd; gUkd;) vdg;gLk;.
ika Kiika Kiika Kiika Kiwtop myFwtop myFwtop myFwtop myF cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;cs;sPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;
• tpirg;gyif> Rl;b> tUb> EZf;Fg; gd;dp> tiyf; fkuh> xspg; Ngid> gl;ilf; FwpKiw thrpg;ghd;> ,af;fg;gpb> ,yf;fKiwf; fkuh.
• fzpdpf;Fj; Njitahd juTfisAk;> mwpTWj;jy;fisAk; cs;sPL nra;jy;.
fl;Lg;ghl;L myFfl;Lg;ghl;L myFfl;Lg;ghl;L myFfl;Lg;ghl;L myF
•fzpdpapd; vy;yhf; fl;Lg;ghl;Lg; gzpfisAk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;
•fl;lisfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhz;L fzpdpapd; rfy gFjpfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jy;.
vz; fzpj ju;f;f myFvz; fzpj ju;f;f myFvz; fzpj ju;f;f myFvz; fzpj ju;f;f myF
•vz;fzpj gzpfSk;> ju;f;fg; gzpfSk; Nkw;nfhs;sy;
epidtfg; gjpNtLfs;epidtfg; gjpNtLfs;epidtfg; gjpNtLfs;epidtfg; gjpNtLfs;
• vz;fzpj> ju;f;f myfpy; eilngWk; nraw;ghLfSf;Fj; Njitahd juTfs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; Mfpad ,q;F itj;jpUf;fg;gLk;.
ntspaPl;Lr; ntspaPl;Lr; ntspaPl;Lr; ntspaPl;Lr; rhjdq;fs;rhjdq;fs;rhjdq;fs;rhjdq;fs;
• fzpdpj; jpiu> mr;Rg; nghwp> xypngUf;fp> gy;Ylf vwpfUtp.
• fzpdp %yk; jahu; nra;ag;gl;l juTfisAk;> jfty;fisAk; Gwj;Nj nfhz;Ltuy;.
gpujhd epidtfk;;gpujhd epidtfk;;gpujhd epidtfk;;gpujhd epidtfk;; • jw;Nghf;Fg; ngWtop epidtfk; (RAM)
• ika Kiwtop myfpw;Fj; Njitahd juTfis toq;Ftjw;fhf mtw;iwj; jw;fhypfkhfj; Njf;fpitj;jy;.
Jizj; Njf;ffk;Jizj; Njf;ffk;Jizj; Njf;ffk;Jizj; Njf;ffk; • td;tl;L> ,Wtl;L> nefpo; tl;L> ,yf;fKiwg; gy;jpwthw;wy; tl;L> gspr;rPl;L tl;L
• vjpu;fhyj;jpy; Njitg;gLk; juTfs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs;> jfty;fs; Mfpatw;wij; Njf;fpitj;jy;.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
4 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
12) Gwj; Jizg; ghfq;fisg; nghUj;JjYf;fhd Jiwfs; / Fijfs;
cUcUcUcU Fij tifFij tifFij tifFij tif ,izf;fg;gLk; rhjdq;fs;,izf;fg;gLk; rhjdq;fs;,izf;fg;gLk; rhjdq;fs;,izf;fg;gLk; rhjdq;fs;
PS/2 Fijfs; tpirg;gyif> Rl;b
njhlu;f; Fijfs; Nkhlk;> Rl;b
rkhe;juf; Fijfs; mr;Rg; nghwp> tUb
tiyaikg;Gf; Fij fzpdp tiyaikg;gpy; fzpdpfis xd;wpizf;Fk; tlq;fisj; njhLj;jy;.
fzpdpj; jpiuf; Fij fzpdpj; jpiu> gy;Ylf vwpfUtp
USB Fij
rhjdq;fis ,f;Fijapy; njhLj;jTld; mj;JizAWg;Gf;fisr; nraw;gLj;jyhk;.
,izf;fg;gLk; rhjdq;fSf;F ,f;FijapDlhf kpd;toq;fg;gLk;.
fzpdpia epWj;jhky; ,f;Fijapy; ,izf;fg;gl;l rhjdq;fis nghUj;Jk;> njhLg;gfw;Wk; Mw;wy;.
xU Fijapy; gy;NtWgl;l tpjkhf 127 JizAWg;Gf;fis njhLf;Fk; trjp.
tpirg;gyif> Rl;b> tUb> mr;Rg; nghwp> ,yf;fKiwf; fkuh> Nkhnlk;
xypj; JizAWg;Gf; Fij EZf;Fg; gd;dp> xypngUf;fp
Nkhnlk; Fij Nkhnlk;
13) juTfis Xu; ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J NtNwhu; ,lj;jpw;F CLflj;jy; juTj; njhlu;ghly; vdg;gLk;. juTj; njhlu;ghlYf;Fj; Njitahd mbg;gilg; gFjpfs;.
juT %yk;> juTj; njhlu;ghly; Clfk;> juT nghWeu;
14) juTj; njhlu;ghly; Clfq;fs;.
topfhl;ba Clfk;:topfhl;ba Clfk;:topfhl;ba Clfk;:topfhl;ba Clfk;: KWf;fpa fk;gpr; Nrhb> Xur;R tlk;> xspapay; ehu;fs;.
fjpu;j;j Clfk;:fjpu;j;j Clfk;:fjpu;j;j Clfk;:fjpu;j;j Clfk;:
thndhyp miyfs;> nrq;fPo;f; fjpu;fs;> Ez;ziyfs;> Bluetooth, Wi-Fi
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
5 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
15) juT CLflj;jy; Kiwfs;.
njhlu;j; juT CLflj;jy;:njhlu;j; juT CLflj;jy;:njhlu;j; juT CLflj;jy;:njhlu;j; juT CLflj;jy;:
juTfs; xd;wd; gpd; xd;W tPjk; gpw;fshf (bits) CLflj;jg;gLk;. xU fk;gp NghJk;.
rkhe;juj; juT CLflj;jy;:rkhe;juj; juT CLflj;jy;:rkhe;juj; juT CLflj;jy;:rkhe;juj; juT CLflj;jy;:
xNu jlitapy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifahd gpw;fs; (bits) CLflj;jg;gLk;. Fiwe;jgl;rk; 8 fk;gpfs;
Njit.
16) juT CLflj;jy; topfs;.
xxxxw;iw tow;iw tow;iw tow;iw topg; Nghf;pg; Nghf;pg; Nghf;pg; Nghf;F:F:F:F: juT xU jpirapy; khj;jpuk; nry;fpwJ. cjhuzk;: njhiyf;fhl;rp> thndhyp njhlu;ghly;.
miu ,Utopg; Nghf;F:miu ,Utopg; Nghf;F:miu ,Utopg; Nghf;F:miu ,Utopg; Nghf;F: ,U jpirfspYk; juTfis CLflj;jj;jf;fjhf cs;sNghjpYk; xU jlitapy; xU jpirapy; khj;jpuk; juTfis CLflj;jg;gLk;. cjhuzk;: Nthf;fp Nuhf;fp.
,U ,U ,U ,U topg; Nghf;F:topg; Nghf;F:topg; Nghf;F:topg; Nghf;F: xNu re;ju;g;gj;jpy; ,U jpirfspYk; juT CLflj;jy; eilngwj;jf;f juT CLflj;jy;. cjhuzk;: njhiygd;dp
17) fzpdp tiyaikg;Gf;fspd; mD$yq;fs;.
fjp> nryT> ghJfhg;G> xUKfg;gLj;jpa nkd;nghUs; fl;Lg;ghL vspjhjy;> kpd;dQ;ry;
18) fzpdp tiyaikg;Gf;fspd; gpujp$yq;fs;:
tiyaikg;gpd; gpujhd fzpdp nraypog;gpd; KOj;njhFjpapdJk; nraw;ghl;by; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jy;.
tiyaikg;Gj; njhFjpapy; cz;lhFk; tO fhuzkhf juTfSk;> jfty;fSk; mopjYk; Fog;gkiljYk;.
tiyaikg;Gj; njhFjpapy; cz;lhFk; tO fhuzkhf tsq;fs; mw;Wg; NghFk; rhj;jpak;.
ntspegu;fs; vspjhf njhFjpapDs; Eioe;J mq;Fs;s juTfisAk;> jfty;fisAk; fsthlj;jf;fjhf ,Uj;jy;.
tyaikg;igf; fl;Lg;gLj;jy; vspa gzpahf mikahik.
19) ngsjpf uPjpapy; fzpdpfs; xd;Nwhnlhd;W nghUj;jg;gLk; tpjk; tiyaikg;G ,lj;jpay; MFk;.
cL ,lj;jpay; Star
tisa ,lj;jpay; Ring
ghl;il ,lj;jpay; Bus
ku tbt ,lj;jpay; Tree
20) fzpdp tiyaikg;gpd; gpujhd tiffs;.
,lj;Jup gug;G tiyaikg;G: ,lj;Jup gug;G tiyaikg;G: ,lj;Jup gug;G tiyaikg;G: ,lj;Jup gug;G tiyaikg;G: LAN rpwpa gug;gpy; gue;jpUf;Fk; fzpdp tiyaikg;G. cjhuzk;: ghlrhiy> gy;fiyf;fofj;jpy; mikf;fg;gLk; fzpdp tiyaikg;G.
ngUk;gugngUk;gugngUk;gugngUk;gug;G tiyaikg;G: ;G tiyaikg;G: ;G tiyaikg;G: ;G tiyaikg;G: WAN
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;glhj gpuNjrj;jpy; cs;s fzpdp tiyaikg;G. cjhuzk;: Internet.
ngUefu;g; gug;G tiyaikg;G: ngUefu;g; gug;G tiyaikg;G: ngUefu;g; gug;G tiyaikg;G: ngUefu;g; gug;G tiyaikg;G: MAN ,lj;Jup gug;G tiyaikg;gpYk; ghu;f;ff; $Ljyhd gug;gpNy gutpapUf;fpd;w NghjpYk;> ngUk;gug;G tiyaikg;gpYk; ghu;f;ff; Fiwe;j Gtpapay; r+oYf;Fg; gue;jpUf;Fk; tiyaikg;G. cjhuzk;;: murhq;fj;jpdhy; elj;jg;gLk; fzpdp tiyaikg;G> vy;yhg; gpuNjr nrayfq;fisAk; njhlu;GgLj;jpj; jahu; nra;ag;gLk; tiyaikg;G.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
6 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
21) fzpdp tiyaikg;gpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rhjdq;fs;.
Nkhnlk;: ,yf;fKiwr; iriffs; xj;jpirr; iriffshfTk; (Fwpg;Ngw;W)> xj;jpirr; iriffs; ,yf;fKiwr; iriffshfTk; (Fwpg;gpwf;fk;) khw;wg;gad;gLk; JizAWg;G.
tiyaikg;Gf; Ftpak;: fzpdp tiyaikg;gpy; gy fzpdpfis xd;Nwhnlhd;D njhLg;gjw;F gad;gLk;.
tiyaikg;G Msp: fzpdp tiyaikg;gpy; gy fzpdpfis xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhLg;gjw;Fk;> mjd; %yk; juTfisAk;> jfty;fisAk; Kiwahf gupkhWtjw;Fk; gad;gLk;.
tiyaikg;G ,ilKf ml;il: fzpdp tiyaikg;gpy; fzpdpia ,izj;J Njitahd njhlu;ig cUthf;Ftjw;fhd Rw;Wf;fisf; nfhz;l ,yj;jpudpay; ml;il.
Nritaff; fzpdp: fzpdp tiyag;gpd; vy;yhg; gzpfisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jp Nkitahd Nritfis toq;Fk; fzpdp Nritaff; fzpdp MFk;. ,J rhjhuz fzpdpapYk; ghu;f;f $Ljyhd miktbtj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.
Nritg;gadu; fzpdp: fzpdp tiyaikg;gpy; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; fzpdp.
22) ,izak;: Internet
ARPANET fzpdp tiyaikg;ghdJ ,izaj;jpd; Muk;gkhFk;.
,izaj;jpy; tiuaiwapd;wpf; fzpdpfis xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhLg;gjd; %yk; cyfk; G+Nfhsf; fpuhkkhf khwpAs;sJ.
,izaj;jpw;F cupikahsNuh> fl;Lg;gLj;JgtNuh fpilahJ.
,izar; rq;fq;fspd; (ISOC) %yk; ,izaj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd epakq;fs;> xOf;ftpay;
Nfhitfs; jahupf;fg;gLtJld; mtw;iwg; gpd;gw;w gadhsu;fs; Cf;Ftpf;fg;gLfpd;wdu;.
23) ,izaj;Jld; ,iztjw;Fj; Njitahdit:
fzpdp> njhlu;ghly; nkd;nghUs;> njhiygd;dpj; njhLg;G> nkhnlk; nghwp> ,iza Nritia toq;Feu;.
24) ,iza mfk;: Intranet
,izaj;jpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; njhopDl;gtpay; cj;jpfis xU Fwpj;j epWtfj;jpy; cs;s egu;fs; khj;jpuk; gad;gLj;jj;jf;fjhfTk;> ngUk;ghyhd re;ju;g;gq;fspy; cupa epWtfj;jpw;F
kl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfj; jahu; nra;ag;gLk; fzpdp tiyaikg;G. cjhuzk;: Dialog, Airtel
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
7 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(03) fzpdpj; juTfis rku;g;gpf;Fk; Kiw (01) vz; Kiwikfs;.
vz; Kiwik mbg; ngWkhdk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,yf;fq;fSk;> neLq;fzf;F tupAUf;fSk;
,Uk(Jtpj) vz; Kiwik 2 0,1
vz;k vz; Kiwik 8 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7
gjpd;k vz;Kiwik 10 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
gjpdWk vz;Kiwik 16 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,A,B,C,D,E,F (02) vz; KiwikfSf;fpilapyhd gupkhw;wk;
Jtpjk;
10101101012
1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 1111 0000 1111 0000 1111 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1 512 0 128 0 32 16 0 4 0 1
512+128+32+16+4+1 = 69310
gjpd;kk;gjpd;kk;gjpd;kk;gjpd;kk; 69369369369310101010
Jtpjk;
2 693 kPjp
2 346 1
2 173 0
2 86 1
2 43 0
2 21 1
2 10 1
2 5 0
2 2 1
2 1 0
0 1
vz;kk; 12658
1 2 6 5
(1x83) +(2x82) +(6x81) +(5x80)
(1x512) +(2x64) +(6x8) +(5x1)
512 +128 +48 +5
= 69310
vz;kk;
8 693 kPjp
8 86 5
8 10 6
8 1 2
0 1
gjpdWkk; 2B516
2 B 5
(2x162) +(11x161) +(5x160)
(2x256) +(11x16) +(5x1)
512 +176 +5
= 69310
gjpdWkk;
16 693 kPjp
16 43 5
16 2 11(B)
0 2
vz;kk; 12658
8=23 1 2 6 5
*** *** *** *** 001 010 110 101
10101101012
Jtpjk; 10101101012
vz;kk;
8=23 1>010>110>101 1 010 110 101 1 2 6 5
12658
gjpdWkk;
2B516
8=24
2 B (11) 5
**** **** ****
0010 1011 0101 10101101012
gjpdWkk;
8=24 10>1011>0101
10 1011 0101
2 B 5
2B516
10101101012
12658
2B516
kjpg;Ngw;Wq; fhuzp
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
8 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(03) juTf; fsQ;rpaq;fis (Data storage) mstPLfsf;Fg; gad;gLj;jy;.
8 Bits 1 byte
1024 bytes 1 Kilo byte KB
1024 Kilo bytes 1 Mega byte MB
1024 Mega bytes 1 Giga byte GB
1024 Giga bytes 1 Tera bytes TB
1024 Tera byte 1 Peta byte PB (04) fzpdpapy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Fwpg;gPl;L Kiwfs;.
BCD 4 Bits 1 0 0 1
16 NtWgl;l FwpaPLfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j KbAk; (0 - 15)> (24)
ASCII 7 Bits 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
128 NtWgl;l FwpaPLfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j KbAk; (0 - 127)> (27)
EBCDIC 8 Bits 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
256 NtWgl;l FwpaPLfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j KbAk; (0 - 255)> (28)
Unicode 16 Bits 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1
65536 NtWgl;l FwpaPLfis gpujpepjpj;Jtg;gLj;j KbAk; (0 - 65535)> (216)
(05) gapw;rp: COMPUTER vDk; nrhy;iyf; fUJf. ,r;nrhy;ypy; mlq;Fk; vOj;Jf;fspd; m];fp
ngWkhdq;fs; tUkhW. C=67, O=79, M=77, P=80, U=85, T=84, E=69, R=82 . Nkw;gb M, U, T, E
Mfpa vOj;Jf;fSf;Fupa gjpd;k nghWkhdq;fis ,Uk ngWkhdq;fshf khw;wp vOJf.
M= U= T= E=
(07) gapw;rp:
A, B, C tupAUf;fspd; m];fp ngWkhdq;fs; KiwNa A=65, B=66, C=67 vdpd;>
tupAU D ,dJ m];fp ngWkhdj;ij Jtpj vz;tbtpy; jUf
X=1101, Y=111 vdpd;> X+Y,
X-Y ,dJ ngWkhdq;fisf; fzpf;f.
je;ijapd; taJ kfdpd; tajpd; %d;W klq;fhFk;. je;ijapd; taJ 39 vdpd;> ,uz;L tUlq;fspd; gpd; kfdpd; tajpid Jtpj vz; tbtpy; jUf.
tpil: tpil: tpil:
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 1
Bit
8 Bits
(1 byte)
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
9 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(04) ju;f;f thapy;fSldhd G+ypad; ml;rufzpjg; gad;ghL (01) VNjDk; xU khwp ,uz;L ngWkhdq;fis kl;Lk; vLf;Fkhapd; mk;khwp g+ypad; khwp vdg;gLk;. ,g; ngWkhdq;fis True (1) my;yJ False (0) vd fhl;l KbAk;.
X = 1 either X = 0
(02) G+ypad; ml;rufzpj mbg;gilj; Njw;wq;fs;.(X,Y,Z G+ypad; khwpfshFk;)
OR AND
X + 0 = X X + 1 = 1 X . 0 = 0 X . 1 = X
X + Y = Y + X X + (Y + Z) = (X + Y) + Z X . Y = Y . X X . (Y . Z) = (X . Y) . Z
X.(Y+Z) = (X.Y) + (X.Z) BABA .=+ De Morgan’s X+(Y.Z) = (X+Y) . (X+Z) BABA +=. De Morgan’s
X + X = X AA = X . X = X
(03) cz;ik ml;ltiz / nka;epiy ml;ltiz
2n=
22=
4
…..
2,1
No
t A
A A
nd
B
No
t(A
An
d B
)
A N
AN
D B
A O
r B
No
t (A
Or
B)
A N
OR
B
A E
xclu
sive
Or
B
No
t A
or
B
No
t A
An
d B
A B A BA. BA. BA+ BA+ BA⊕ A +B A .B
0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 0
2n=
23=
8
…..
4,2
,1
No
t A
A A
nd
B A
nd
C
No
t(A
An
d B
An
d C
)
A O
r B
Or
C
No
t (A
Or
B O
r C
)
A X
OR
B E
XO
R C
No
t A
An
d B
Or
C
A B C A CBA .. CBA .. CBA ++ CBA ++ CBA ⊕⊕ ( ) CBA +.
0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 1
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
10 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(03) gpd;tUk; ju;f;fr; Rw;Wf;fSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhd g+ypad; Nfhitfis vOJf> cz;ik ml;ltiz jahupf;Ff.
F
F
F
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
11 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(05) gzpnray; Kiwik
(01) fzpdpapd; nraw;ghl;bw;Fj; Njitahd nkd;nghUl; njhFjp gzpnray; KiwikahFk;.
Windows , Linux, UNIX, Mac, DOS
(02) gzpnray; Kiwikapd; nraw;ghL. epidtf Kfhik> Kiwtop Kfhik> JizAWg;G Kfhik> Nfhg;G Kfhik> ghJfhg;G Kfhik
(03) fzpdp Kiwikf;Fk; gadUf;Fk; ,iNaAs;s njhlu;G.
gadu;
gad;ghl;L nkd;nghUs;
• Antivirus Software:
Kasper sky, AVG, AVIRA, Avast
• Trouble Shooting Tool:
Scanning, Defragment, Backup
gpuNahf nkd;nghUs;
• Microsoft Word, Excel, Access, Power Point,
Front Page.
• Adobe Photoshop, Flash
• Macromedia Flash, Dreamweaver
• Sony Sound Forge gzpnray; Kiwik
• Windows XP, windows Vista, Windows 7
• Linux: Ubuntu, Fedora, Red Hat
• DOS, MS DOS
• Mac OS td;nghUs;
• Mother Board, RAM, Hard Disk, DVD Drive, Power Supply…
• Monitor, Key Board, Mouse, Scanner, Printer…
(04) gadu; ,ilKfj;jpd; tif.
fl;lisf; Nfhl;L ,ilKfk; CLI> tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfk; GUI
(05) tiutpay; gadu; ,ilKfj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l gzpnray; Kiwikapy; cs;s gpujhd $Wfs; rpy rhusq;fs;> glTU> gl;b> Rl;b
(06)
nrYj;jpfs;
epakf; fUtpg; gl;il
Kftupg; gl;il
fz;Lgpbf;Fk; gl;il nrYj;jpfs;
Nfhg;G Nfhg;G ePl;rp
kPs;Rw;Nwhl;lf; nfhs;fyk;
ciw
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
12 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(06) nrhy;Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; nkd;nghUs;fs; (01) nrhy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; nkd;nghUs;fs;.
Microsoft Office Word, Open Office Writer, Corel Word Perfect, Kingsoft Office.
(02) nrhy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jy; nkd;nghUspy; cs;s rpy tpNrl trjpfs;. jpUj;jQ; nra;jy;> vOj;JU tbtikg;Gr; nra;jy;> jahupf;fg;gl;l Mtzq;fis kPs vLj;jy;> Nfhg;gpid Nrkpj;jy; jpwj;jy;> gjpg;G nra;a Kd;gjhf mjd; jd;ikia Nehf;Fjy;. gf;f mikg;G> ml;ltiziar; Nru;j;jy;> tbtikg;G nra;jy;> ge;jp mikj;jy;> Neu;g;gLj;jy;> vOj;J ,yf;fzg; gpiofisr; rupghu;j;jYk; rPu;nra;jYk;> nrhw;fisj; NjLjy; nrhy;iy khw;wPL nra;J nfhs;sy; trjpfs;> mQ;ry; xd;wpizg;G> (03)
ml;ltiz
Neu;g;gLj;jy; - ,lk; Neu;g;gLj;jy; - kj;jp Neu;g;gLj;jy; - tyk; Neu;g;gLj;jy; - ,Ugf;fk;
On the Insert tab, the
galleries include items
that are designed to
coordinate with the
overall look of your
document.
On the Insert tab, the
galleries include items
that are designed to
coordinate with the
overall look of your
document.
On the Insert tab, the
galleries include items
that are designed to
coordinate with the
overall look of your
document.
On the Insert tab, the
galleries include items
that are designed to
coordinate with the
overall look of your
document.
vOj;JUg; ghzp jbg;ghfjbg;ghfjbg;ghfjbg;ghf rha;thf mbf;NfhL
vOj;JU msT
vOj;JU tif MICROWISH w we u o k g l MicroWish Bullets
• One
• Two
• Three
Numbering
1. Red
2. Green
3. Yelow
Merge Cells
Insert Picture
Auto Shapes
Cut (Ctrl + X)
Copy (Ctrl + C)
Paste (Ctrl + V)
X2 - Supper Script
Log10 – Sub Script
Ω Φ λ
Insert Symbols
Page Border?
n the Insert tab, the
galleries include
items that are
designed to coordinate with
the overall look of your
document.(Drop Cap)
You can use these galleries to
insert tables, headers,
footers, lists, cover pages,
and other document building
blocks.
When you create pictures,
charts, or diagrams, they also
coordinate with your current
document look.
(3 Columns)
O
Header
&
Footer?
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
13 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(07) kpd;dZrhu; tpupjhs;fs;
(01)
(02)
Statistical Functions Examples Results
01 AVERAGE(number1,number2,...) =AVERAGE(A2:A6)
=AVERAGE(A2:A6, 5)
02 COUNT(value1,value2,...) =COUNT(B2:B6)
=COUNT(B2:B6,2)
03 MAX(number1,number2,...) =MAX(D2:D6)
04 MIN(number1,number2,...) =MIN(D2:D6,50)
05 RANK(number,ref,order) =RANK(D5,D$2:D$6,0)
B Logical Functions Examples Results
01 AND(logical1,logical2, ...) =AND(3<A2, D5<100)
=AND(3<A2, D5>100)
02 OR(logical1,logical2,...) =OR(5<A2, D5<100)
=OR(5<A2, D5>100)
03 NOT(logical) =NOT(FALSE)
=NOT(1+1=2)
04 TRUE( ) =TRUE( )
05 FALSE( ) =FALSE( )
06 IF(logical test, value if true, value if false) =IF(A2<=100,"Yes","No")
C Math & Trigonometric Functions Examples Results
01 ABS(number) =ABS(2)
=ABS(-2)
02 ROUND(number,num_digits) =ROUND(2.15, 1)
=ROUND(2.149, 2)
03 SUM(number1,number2, ...) =SUM(3, 2)
=SUM("5", 15, TRUE)
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
14 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(8) kpd;dZ epfo;j;Jif
(01) kpd;dZ epfo;j;Jif nkd;nghUs;fs;: xU Fwpj;j jiyg;G my;yJ epfo;r;rp njhlu;ghfj; njhFf;fg;glj;jf;f tplq;fis xOq;F Kiwahf VidNahUf;F vLj;Jiug;gjw;F cjTk; gy;Ylf nkd;nghUs; tif.
• Microsoft PowerPoint, Impress (Open Office), Magic Point, Apple Works, Google Docs.
(02) epfo;j;Jif nkd;nghUspd; nghJ ,ay;Gfs;:
• kpf typikahd njhlu;ghlYf;F toptFf;fpd;wJ.
• epfo;j;JdUf;Fk; ghu;itahsUf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlu;ig Nkk;gLj;jfpd;wJ.
• jfty;fs; vspjhfTk; rPuhfTk; xOq;fikg;gjw;F tha;gspf;fpd;wJ.
• capu;g;ghd epfo;j;Jifia jahupg;gjw;Fk;> vLj;Jiug;gjw;Fk; tha;g;ig mspf;fpd;wJ.
• rypg;gpd;wp fUj;Jf;fis vLj;Jiug;gjw;Fg; gy;Ylfj; njhlu;ig cUthf;Ffpd;wJ. (03) epfo;j;Jifia mikj;jy;:
• fhl;rpr; rl;l msitj; jPu;khdpj;jy;.
• fhl;rpr; rl;lfj; jsf;Nfhyj;jpid njupT nra;jy;.
• fhl;rpr; rl;l tbtikg;Gfisr; Nru;j;jy;.
• fhl;rpj; jpiug; gpd;dzpapidr; Nru;j;jy;.
• fhl;rpr; rl;lf cs;slf;fj;Jld; mirT+l;lq;fisr; Nru;j;jy;.
• fhl;rpr; rl;lf cs;slf;fj;Jld; xypiar; Nru;j;jy;.
• fhl;rpr; rl;lfq;fSf;fpilNa epiy khwy;fis Vw;gLj;jy;. (04) kpd;dZ epfo;j;Jifapy; fhzg;glf;$ba gy;NtW ghq;Ffs; (View):
• Normal
• Slide Sorter
• Slide Show
• Notes Page (05) ghu;itahsUf;F epfo;j;Jifia Kd;itf;Fk;NghJ mjpf mstpy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ghq;F SlideShow (F5) MFk;.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
15 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(09) juTj;jsk; (01) ifapdhy; juTj; jsq;fis Kfhik nra;jy; fzpdp %ykhd juTj;js Kfhik Kiwik
• ml;ltizapd; msT> gjptpd; msT mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ ml;ltiz mikj;jy; rpukk;.
juT ml;ltizfis vspjhf mikf;fyhk;.
• juT ml;ltizfisr; Nrkpj;J itg;gjw;F ngupa msT ,ltrjp Njitg;gLjy;.
kpff; $Ljyhd msT juTfisr; Nrkpf;fyhk;.
• gjpit kWgbAk; ifahsy; rpukk;. kpff; FWfpa fhyj;jpy; jfty;fisg; ngwyhk;.
• neLq;fhyj;jpw;F ghJfhj;J itj;jy; rpukk;. $Ljyhd ghJfhg;igg; ngwyhk;.
• gjpit ePf;Fjy;> ,w;iwg;gLj;Jjy;> gjpitr; Nru;j;jy; rpukk;.
gjpitr; Nru;j;jy;> Gjpjhfg; Gyj;ijr; Nru;j;jy;> gjpit ePf;fy;> gjpit ,w;iwg;gLj;jy;> gjpitj; NjLjy;> kpf vspJ.
• gjpit Njitahd Kiwapy; xOq;F nra;jy;> Njitahd gjpit khj;jpuk; ngwy; fbdkhFk;.
gjpit Njitahd Kiwapy; xOq;F nra;jy;> Njitahd gjpit khj;jpuk; ngWjy; vspJ.
(02) juTj;js Kfhkpg;G nkd;nghUs;fs;:juTj;js Kfhkpg;G nkd;nghUs;fs;:juTj;js Kfhkpg;G nkd;nghUs;fs;:juTj;js Kfhkpg;G nkd;nghUs;fs;:
Microsoft Access, Oracle, MYSQL, dBASE, FoxPro, Paradox
(03) juTj;jsj;ij Kfhkpf;f gpd;tUk; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.juTj;jsj;ij Kfhkpf;f gpd;tUk; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.juTj;jsj;ij Kfhkpf;f gpd;tUk; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;.juTj;jsj;ij Kfhkpf;f gpd;tUk; fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jyhk;. ml;ltizfs;> gbtq;fs;> tpdty;fs;> mwpf;iffs;> kf;Nwhf;fs;
(04) juT tiffs;:juT tiffs;:juT tiffs;:juT tiffs;:
Text, Memo, Numbers, Currency, Date/Time, Yes/No
Gyk;Gyk;Gyk;Gyk; juT tifjuT tifjuT tifjuT tif Gyk;Gyk;Gyk;Gyk; juT tifjuT tifjuT tifjuT tif
• gjpT vz; • guPl;irg; Gs;spfs;
• ngau; • trjpf; fl;lzk;
• gpwe;j jpfjp • rk;gsk;
• mDkjpj; jpfjp • Ra tpguk;
• kUj;Jtf; fl;lzk; • jpUkzkhdtuh?
• khztu; njhif • Nj.m.m. ,yf;fk; (05)
• ml;ltizapy; cs;s gjpTfis jdpj;Jtkhf ,dq;fhzg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtJ rhtprhtprhtprhtpahFk;.
ml;liz 1 ,d; Kjd;ikr; rhtp vJ?
ml;ltiz 2 ,d; Kjd;ikr; rhtp vJ? md;dpar; rhtp vJ?
• Kjd;ikr;rhtpKjd;ikr;rhtpKjd;ikr;rhtpKjd;ikr;rhtpahf gpufldg;gj;jg;gl;l Gyj;jpy; xNu juT kPs ,lk;ngw ,ayhJ. jdpj;Jtj; jd;ik nfhz;ljhFk;.
• xu; ml;ltizapid NtNwhu; ml;ltizAld; njhlu;GgLj;jg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Gyk; ml;ltizapd; md;dpar; rhtpmd;dpar; rhtpmd;dpar; rhtpmd;dpar; rhtp MFk;.
(06) ml;ltizfSf;fpilNa gpd;tUk; njhlu;Gilikfs;njhlu;Gilikfs;njhlu;Gilikfs;njhlu;Gilikfs; ,Uf;fyhk;.
xd;Wf;nfhd;whd 1:1> xd;Wf;Fg; gythd 1:*> gyTf;Fg; gythd*.*
(07) tpdty;:tpdty;:tpdty;:tpdty;: vkf;Fj; Njitahd Gyq;fspd; fPo; khj;jpuk; gjpTfisg; ghu;g;gjw;F tpdty; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
Field: Gyj;jpd; ngaiu njupT nra;a gad;gLk;.
Table: ml;ltizia njupT nra;a gad;gLk;.
Sort: cupa Gyj;ij xOq;FgLj;jg; gad;gLk;. (VWtupir> ,wq;Ftupir)
Show: cupa Gyj;ij Njhd;wr; nra;a my;yJ Njhd;whkypUf;fr; nra;a gad;gLk;.
Criteria: cupa Gyj;jpy; juTfis Kfhkpf;fg; gad;gLk;. (epge;jidg;gLj;j)
(08) gbtq;fs;: gbtq;fs;: gbtq;fs;: gbtq;fs;: ml;ltizfSf;Fj; juTfis vspjhfr; Nru;g;gjw;Fk;> ml;ltizg;gLj;jpa jfty;fisg; ghu;g;gjw;Fk; gbtq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
16 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(10) jfty; Kiwik (01) ahNjDnkhU Fwpg;gpl;l nraiy my;yJ Fwpf;Nfhis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F mj;jpahtrpakhd Fwpg;gpl;l nrad;Kiwia Nkw;nfhs;Sfpd;w xd;Wlndhd;D njhlu;Gila gy;NtW $Wfspd; Nru;f;if KiwikahFk;. KiwikahdJ cg Kiwikfisf; nfhz;likayhk;. (02) njhFjpapd; gpujhd nraw;ghLfshtd: cs;sPL> Kiwtopahf;fk;> tUtpisT (03) jfty; Kiwik:jfty; Kiwik:jfty; Kiwik:jfty; Kiwik:
• ifahy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk; jfty; Kiwik:ifahy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk; jfty; Kiwik:ifahy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk; jfty; Kiwik:ifahy; nray;gLj;jg;gLk; jfty; Kiwik: vy;yh Kiwtopahf;fKk; kdpju;fspd; ifahy; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLtJld;> juTfSk;> jfty;fSk; fljhrpapy; vOjp Nfhitfshf ciwfspYk; fhg;Gg; ngl;lfq;fspYk; itf;fg;gLk;. jfty;fs; jpUj;jkw;Wf; fhzg;glf;$ba jd;ik> Jupjkhfj; jfty;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sy; fbdk;> Kiwtopahf;fk; tpidj;jpwd; Fiwe;J fhzg;gly; ,jd; FiwghLfshFk;.
• fzpdpfis mbg;gilahf; nfhz;l jfty; Kiwik:fzpdpfis mbg;gilahf; nfhz;l jfty; Kiwik:fzpdpfis mbg;gilahf; nfhz;l jfty; Kiwik:fzpdpfis mbg;gilahf; nfhz;l jfty; Kiwik: fzpdpfisg; gad;gLj;jp Kiwtopahf;fk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk;. ,q;F jfty;fis kpfj; jpUj;jkhditahfTk;> tpiuthfTk;> Neu;j;jpahfTk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. tpidj;jpwd; $ba nrad;KiwahFk;. ,k;Kiwikapd; $Wfshtd: td;nghUs;> nkd;nghUs;> kf;fs;(gadu;> nra;epuyu;)> nray;Kiwfs;> juTfSk; jfty;fSk;.
(04) jfty; Kiwik tiffs;:jfty; Kiwik tiffs;:jfty; Kiwik tiffs;:jfty; Kiwik tiffs;:
• nfhLf;fnfhLf;fnfhLf;fnfhLf;fy; thy; thy; thy; thq;fy; Kiwtopahf;f Kiwikfs;:q;fy; Kiwtopahf;f Kiwikfs;:q;fy; Kiwtopahf;f Kiwikfs;:q;fy; Kiwtopahf;f Kiwikfs;: md;whlk; eilngWk; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis Kiwtopg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd jfty; KiwikahFk;. (tq;fpfs;> tu;j;jf epWtdq;fs;)
• Kfhikj;Jt jfty; KiwikfKfhikj;Jt jfty; KiwikfKfhikj;Jt jfty; KiwikfKfhikj;Jt jfty; Kiwikfs;:s;:s;:s;: ,q;F Fwpj;j epWtdj;jpd; juTfs; midj;Jk; juTj; jsj;jpy; Ngzg;gl;L> Njitahd Kiwapy; Kiwtopg;gLj;jg;gl;L> epUthf eltbf;iffSf;F Njitahd jfty;fs; ntspaplg;gLk;. ,j;jfty;fs; epWtdj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk;> gpd;dilT gw;wp mwptjw;Fupa fhuzp ,Ug;gJld;> jPu;khdq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sTk; cjTk;. (ghlrhiy> itj;jparhiy> Eyfk;)
• jPu;khd cjT Kiwikfs;:jPu;khd cjT Kiwikfs;:jPu;khd cjT Kiwikfs;:jPu;khd cjT Kiwikfs;: jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sj; Njitahd jfty;fisj; Njitf;Nfw;g ngWtjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; KiwikahFk;. jPu;khdq;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; Kiw> epUthf tpjpfs;> nranyhOq;F> nghwpKiwfs; Nghd;w cupa juTfis KiwikapDs; cs;sPL nra;Ak;NghJ KiwikahdJ jPu;khdq;fSf;Fj; Njitahd jfty;fis ntspg;gLj;Jk;.
• ty;Ydty;Ydty;Ydty;Ydu; Kiwikfs;:u; Kiwikfs;:u; Kiwikfs;:u; Kiwikfs;: Fwpj;j Jiw rhu;e;j rfy tplaq;fisAk; KiwikapDs; cs;sPL nra;J gpd;du; KiwikahdJ cupa epiyikfSf;Nfw;g mwpTkl;lj;jpyhd Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhz;L MNyhridfis toq;Fk;. (kUj;Jt MNyhrid toq;Fk; ty;Ydu; Kiwik)
(05) Kiwik tpUj;jp tl;lk;Kiwik tpUj;jp tl;lk;Kiwik tpUj;jp tl;lk;Kiwik tpUj;jp tl;lk;::::
fzpdp Kiwikia mikf;Fk;NghJ ftdj;jpy; nfhs;sg;gLk; gbKiwfs;.;.;.;.
1. gpurpdj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;. 2. ,aYik Ma;T. 3. Kiwikg; gFg;gha;T. 4. Kiwik tbtikg;G. 5. Kiwik tpUj;jp. 6. Nrhjidia Nkw;nfhs;sy;. 7. Kiwikiar; nraw;gLj;jy;. 8. Kiwikiag; guhkupj;jy;.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
17 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
1. gpurpdj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;.gpurpdj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;.gpurpdj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;.gpurpdj;ij tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jy;.
• Kiwikapd; Fwpf;Nfhs;> KiwikapypUe;J vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gfpd;w tplaq;fs;> cs;sPLfs;> tUtpisfs;> ,ilKfk;> Kiwikg; ghJfhg;G Nghd;wit gw;wp vspa Mtzk; jahupj;jy;.
• epWtd Kfhikf; FOTk;> Kiwik tpUj;jpf; FOTk; ,ize;J ,ay;ghd nkhopapy; ,t; Mtzj;jpid jahupg;gu;.
6. 6. 6. 6. Nrhjidia Nkw;nfhs;Nrhjidia Nkw;nfhs;Nrhjidia Nkw;nfhs;Nrhjidia Nkw;nfhs;sy;.sy;.sy;.sy;.
• Kiwikapy; tOf;fs; ,y;yhky; ,Ug;gij cWjpg;gLj;jy;.(FwpKiw tOf;fs;> mikg;G tOf;fs;> Njitfspd; FiwghLfs;)
• KiwikapDs; rfy tpjkhd cs;sPLfisAk; ,l;L vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;w tUtpisTfs; KiwikapDlhf rupahfg; ngwg;gLfpd;wjh vd nrt;it ghu;f;fg;gLk;. (Kiwikapd; tpidj;jpwd;> ek;gfj;jd;ik> fhg;G)
• $WfSf;fhd Nrhjid: Kiwikapd; xt;nthU $Wf;Fk; jdpj;jdpahf cs;sPLfis toq;fp mf;$wpdhy; vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; tUtpisT ngwg;gLfpd;wjh vd Nrhjpj;jy;.
• njhlu;Gilikr; Nrhjid: Kiwikapd; $Wfs; xd;Wlndhd;W njhlu;Ggl;L> nra;epuy;fs; cupa Kiwapy; nraw;gLfpd;wdth vd cs;sPLfis toq;fpr; Nrhjpj;jy;.
• Kiwikr; Nrhjid: KO Kiwikf;Fk; cs;sPLfis toq;fp vjpu;ghu;f;fpd;w tUtpisT ngwg;gLfpd;wjh vdr; Nrhjpj;jy;.
• Vw;Wf; nfhs;Sk; Nrhjid: Kiwikapd; Nritg; gadu; %yk; ,Wjpahf Kiwik Nrhjidf;F cl;gLj;jg;gl;L Kiwik Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gly;.
2.2.2.2. ,aYik Ma;T.,aYik Ma;T.,aYik Ma;T.,aYik Ma;T.
• Kiwikia cUthf;Ftjw;F Muk;gpf;f Kd;du; mjw;Fj; Njitahd tsq;fs; cs;sdth? me;j Kiwik %ykhf ngwj;jf;f nghUshjhu mD$yq;fs; Mfpad gw;wpa mbg;gilf; fw;ifahFk;.
• njhopDl;g ,aYik> nra;gzp ,aYik> nghUshjhu ,aYik.
3.3.3.3. Kiwikg; gFg;ghKiwikg; gFg;ghKiwikg; gFg;ghKiwikg; gFg;gha;T.a;T.a;T.a;T.
• fzpdp Kiwikia cUthf;f Kd;du; mk;Kiwikapd; Njit> mjd; %yk; epiwNtw;w vjpu;ghu;f;fg;gLk; fUkq;fs;> mjpy; fhzg;gl Ntz;ba ,ay;Gfs;> mtw;Wld; njhlu;ghd Mtzq;fs;> Kiwik nranyhOq;F gw;wp Muha;jy;.
• Kiwik gFg;ghsu; cupikahsu;> gadu; MfpNahUld; fye;Jiuahly;.
KiKiKiKiwikapd; Njit: wikapd; Njit: wikapd; Njit: wikapd; Njit:
• nray;rhu;e;j Njitfs;: tq;fpf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy; Kiwikapy; gzitg;G> gzk; kPsg;ngwy;> khjhe;j mwpf;if> tq;fp kPjpia mwpjy;.
• nray;rhuhj Njitfs;. ek;gfj; jd;ik> Kiwikapd; ,ilKfk;> Kiwikapd; ghJfhg;G.
• jfty; Nrfupg;G Kiwfs;: mwpf;iffs;> Nfhitfs; Mfpatw;iw mtjhdpj;jy;. Neu;fhzy;. tpdhf;nfhj;J gad;gLj;jy;. mtjhdpg;Gfis Nkw;nfhs;sy;. khjpupfisg; gad;gLj;jy;.
7. 7. 7. 7. Kiwikiar; nraw;gLj;jy;.Kiwikiar; nraw;gLj;jy;.Kiwikiar; nraw;gLj;jy;.Kiwikiar; nraw;gLj;jy;.
• cupa Kiwapy; Kiwikiar; nraw;gLj;jy;.
• Neubahfr; nraw;gLj;jy;: ,Uf;fpd;w Kiwika ePf;fptpl;L mjw;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa Kiwikia nraw;gLj;jy;.
• rkhe;ju nraw;gLj;jy;: ,Uf;fpd;w KiwikiaAk;> Gjpa KiwikiaAk; rkhe;jukhf xU fhy mtfhrj;jpy; eilKiwg;glj;jy;. Gjpa Kiwik ntw;wpfukhdnjdpd; gioaij ePf;fp Gjpaij eilKiwg;gLj;jy;.
• Kd;Ndhbr; nraw;gLj;jy;: gioa Kiwikapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghfq;fs; rpytw;iw Gjpa KiwikAld; ,izj;Jr; nraw;gLj;jy;.
• gbKiwapyike;j nraw;gLj;jy;: gioa Kiwikapy; njupT nra;ag;gl;l ghfq;fs; gbg;gbahf Gjpa Kiwikapdhy; khw;wPL nra;ag;gly;.
4.4.4.4. Kiwik tbtikg;G.Kiwik tbtikg;G.Kiwik tbtikg;G.Kiwik tbtikg;G.
• nkd;nghUs; $Wfis ,dq;fhzy;.
• Kiwikapd; nkd;nghUs; mikj;jiy ,dq;fhzy;.
• ,ilKfq;fis tbtikj;jy;.
• juTj; jsj;jpid jpl;lkply;.
8. 8. 8. 8. Kiwikiag; guhkupj;jy;.Kiwikiag; guhkupj;jy;.Kiwikiag; guhkupj;jy;.Kiwikiag; guhkupj;jy;.
• cUthf;fpa Kiwikiag; gad;gLj;Jifapy; guhkupg;gpid Nkw;nfhs;sy;.
• Nrhjidapy; ,dq;fhzg;gl;l Fiwfis eptu;j;jp nra;jy;.
• gadupd; Gjpa Njitfis G+u;j;jpnra;jy;. njhopDl;g khw;wj;jpw;fpzq;f Kiwikia Gjpa njhopDl;g mD$yq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;fjhf khw;wy;.
5. 5. 5. 5. Kiwik tpUj;jp.Kiwik tpUj;jp.Kiwik tpUj;jp.Kiwik tpUj;jp.
• tbtikg;gpd;NghJ ,dq;fhzg;gl;l $Wfs;> cgnjhFjpfs; Mfpad fzpdpnkhop %ykhf nra;epuyhf;fk; nra;ag;gl;L my;yJ FwpKiwg;gLj;jg;gl;L fzpdp Kiwik cUthf;fg;gLk;. Kiwikia mikg;gjw;Fupa nra;epuy; nkhopiaj; njupT nra;jy;.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
18 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(11) gpurpdj; jPu;Tf;fhd fzpdpg; gad;ghL
(01) fzpdp nkhopfspd; tsu;r;rp
Kjyhk; re;jjpf; fzpdp nkhopfs; (,ae;jpu nkhopfs;) ,uz;lhk; re;jjpf; fzpdp nkhopfs; (xUq;F Nru;g;G nkhopfs;) %d;whk; re;jjpf; fzpdp nkhopfs; (cau;kl;l nkhopfs;) Eg: C, VB, PHP, JAVA, Phython
ehd;fhk; re;jjpf; fzpdp nkhopfs; (nraw;if nkhopfs;) Eg: Prolog
(02) cau;kl;l nkhopfisg; gad;gLj;jp jahupf;fg;gl;l nra;epuy;fs; fzpdpahy; njhopw;glr; nra;a Kd;gjhf fzpdpahy; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;sf;$ba fPo;kl;l nkhopfshf khw;wg;gLk; nrad;Kiw nkhopngau;g;G MFk;. nkhop ngau;g;gpfshtd: xUq;F Nru;g;gp> njhFg;gp> nghUs;Nfhlyp (03) fzpdpapd; cjtpAld; gpurpdq;fisj; jPu;f;Fk; fl;lq;fshtd. gpurpdj;ij gFj;jha;jy;. gpurpdj;ij jPu;g;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd newpKiwia cUthf;fy;. cUthf;fg;gl;l newpKiwia fzpdp nra;epuyhf khw;Wjy;. nra;epuypy; cs;s gpiofis ,dq;fhzYk; jtW ePf;fYk;. nra;epuy;fis nghUj;jkhd juTfSld; nraw;gLj;jy;. (04) tp\ty; Ngrpf; juT tiffs;.
vz;rhu;e;j juTfs; (Byte, Integer, Long, Single, Double). ruk; (String). Currency. Date, Varient.
(05) khwpfs;
nra;epuiy juTfSld; nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ cupa juTfis gpujhd epidtfj;jpy; (RAM) jw;fhypfkhf itj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf khwpfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. (06) khwpfSf;Fg; ngaupLk;NghJ iff;nfhs;s Ntz;bait. Mq;fpy vOj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp Muk;gpf;fg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. mjidj; njhlu;e;J Mq;fpy vOj;Jf;fs;> ,yf;fq;fs; my;yJ (_ ) mbf;NfhL ,lk;ngwyhk;. ngaupy; ,Uf;fj;jf;f Mff;$ba vOj;Jf;fspd; vz;zpf;if 255 MFk;. tp\ty; Ngrpf;fpy; cs;s fl;lisfSf;Fg; gad;gLj;Jk; ngau;fs; (Reserved word) khwpfspd; ngau;fshf ,Uj;jy; $lhJ.
EX: MyName, _Name, Name?, If, A_5, Salary, Num1 ,tw;Ws; khwpfshf gad;gLj;jf; $batw;iwj; njupf.
(07)
fzpjr; nra;iffs; epge;jidr; nra;iffs; ju;f;fr; nra;iffs;
+ - * / ^ \ mod = > < >= <= <> AND OR NOT
nra;if 1111 2222 3333 4444 Kd;Dupik xOq;F ( ) ^ *, / +, -
Ex:
fzpjr; nra;iffs; epge;jidr; nra;iffs ju;f;fr; nra;iffs;
((5+(2*3)-(5^2) tpil: 5>8 tpil: (3>5) And (5=4+1)
15/3 tpil: 5<=8 tpil: (3<=5) And (4=2^2)
17\3 tpil: 5=6 tpil: (3>5) Or (5=4+1)
17 mod 3 tpil: 3<>3 tpil: Not (5<>5) (08) jlkhf;fy;.
FOR <Running Variable> = <Start Value> To <End Value> [Step(n)]
One or More VB Statement(s)
Next <Running Variable>
s=0
For c=1 To 10
s=s+c
Next c
Print “Sum = “,s
For x=1 To 10
Print “Computer”
Next x
For x=1 To 10 Step 2
Print x
Next x
For x=10 To 1 Step -1
Print “ICT”
Next x
Print x
For i=1 To 3
For j=1 To i
Print i,j
Next j
Next i
fPo; kl;l nkhopfs;: fzpdpf;F mz;ikahdJ> kdpjDf;F Nra;ikahdJ
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
19 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(09) njupT nra;jy;.
If...Then selection structure
If <condition> Then
statement
End If
If mark > 75 Then
txtGrade.Text = "A"
End If
If...Then...Else selection structure
If <condition > Then
statement(s)
Else
statement(s)
End If
If mark > 50 Then
txtGrade.Text = "Pass"
Else
txtGrade.Text = "Fail"
End If
Nested If...Then...Else selection structure
If < condition 1 > Then
statement(s)
ElseIf < condition 2 > Then
statement(s)
ElseIf < condition 3 > Then
statement(s)
Else
Statement(s)
End If
If average > 75 Then
txtGrade.Text = "A"
ElseIf average > 65 Then
txtGrade.Text = "B"
ElseIf average > 55 Then
txtGrade.Text = "C"
ElseIf average > 45 Then
txtGrade.Text = "S"
Else
txtGrade.Text = "F"
End If
Select...Case selection structure
Select Case Index/Expression
Case 0
Statements
Case 1
Statements
End Select
mark = Val(txtMark.Text)
Select Case mark
Case 0 To 34
txtGrade.Text = "W"
Case 35 To 54
txtGrade.Text = "S"
Case 55 To 64
txtGrade.Text = "C"
Case 65 To 74
txtGrade.Text = "B"
Case 75 To 100
txtGrade.Text = "A"
Case Else
MsgBox "Invalid average marks"
End Select
(10) mzpfs;.
Dim Marks (0 to 8) as Integer
75 45 87 93 58 69 77 50 59
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
Do While <Condition>
VB Statement(s)
Loop
Dim number As Integer
number = 1
Do While number <= 100
number = number + 1
Loop
Dim x As Integer
Do While x < 10
Print x
x = x + 1
If x = 5 Then
Print "The program is exited at x=5"
Exit Do
End If
Loop
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
20 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(11)
(12)
gha;r;rw; gl FwpaPLfs;gha;r;rw; gl FwpaPLfs;gha;r;rw; gl FwpaPLfs;gha;r;rw; gl FwpaPLfs;
juTfspd; gha;r;ry; jpirfs; njhLg;gp
(04) gha;r;rw; glKk;> Nghypf; FwpKiwAk;.
Flow Chart Pseudo code
Begin
Read two numbers X,Y
If X >= Y then
Print X
Else
Print Y
End If
End
khwpkhwpkhwpkhwpfis ntspg;gLj;jy; Dim Variable Name As Data Type
Dim password As String
Dim Status As Boolean
Dim total As Integer
Dim Surname As String
Dim FirstNum As Integer
Dim DoB As Date
khwpypkhwpypkhwpypkhwpyp nra;epuiy nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ ,tw;wpd; ngWkhdq;fs; khw;wkiltjpy;iy.
Const Constant Name As Data Type = Value
Const Pi As Single=3.142 Const Temp As Single=37 Const Score As Single=100
KbT
njhlf;fk; cs;sPL tUtpisT
Kiwtopahf;fk;
Start
Stop
Read two
numbers
X>=Y
Print X
Print Y
Yes
No
jPu;khdk;
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
21 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
Label 1 Command Button1
Name lblNum1 Name cmdDo
Caption Num1 Caption Do
Alignment Right Justify Command Button2
Label 2 Name cmdExit
Name lblNum2 Caption E&xit
Caption Num2
Alignment Right Justify Text Box1
Label 3 Name txtNum1
Name lblGni Text
Caption Greatest Number is: Text Box1
Alignment Right Justify Name txtNum2
Label 4 Text
Name lblResult Form
Caption Name frmMyFirstPro
Alignment Right Justify Caption My First Pro Private Sub cmdDo_Click() If Val(txtNum1.Text) >= Val(txtNum2.Text) Then lblResult.Caption = txtNum1.Text Else lblResult.Caption = txtNum2.Text End If End Sub Private Sub cmdExit_Click() End End Sub
Private Sub cmdDo_Click() If Val(txtNum1.Text) >= Val(txtNum2.Text) Then MsgBox ("Greatest number is " & txtNum1.Text & ".") Else MsgBox ("Greatest number is " & txtNum2.Text & ".") End If End Sub
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
22 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
Label 1 Command Button1
Name lblMark1 Name cmdTotal
Caption Mark 1 Caption Total
Alignment Right Justify
Label 2 Command Button2
Name lblMark2 Name cmdAverage
Caption Mark 2 Caption Average
Alignment Right Justify
Label 3 Form
Name lblMark3 Name frmSba
Caption Mark 3 Caption SBA
Alignment Right Justify
Label 4 Label 5
Name lblTM Name lblAM
Caption Total Marks : Caption Average Marks :
Alignment Right Justify Alignment Right Justify
Border Style Fixed Single Border Style Fixed Single I
Private Sub cmdTotal_Click() lblTotal.Caption = Val(txtMark1.Text) + Val(txtMark2.Text) + Val(txtMark3.Text) End Sub Private Sub cmdAverage_Click() lblAverage.Caption = (Val(txtMark1.Text) + Val(txtMark2.Text) + Val(txtMark3.Text)) / 3 End Sub Private Sub cmdAverage_Click() lblAverage.Caption = Val(lblTotal.Caption) / 3 End Sub
II
Function avg() lblAverage.Caption = (Val(txtMark1.Text) + Val(txtMark2.Text) + Val(txtMark3.Text)) / 3 End Function Function tot() lblTotal.Caption = Val(txtMark1.Text) + Val(txtMark2.Text) + Val(txtMark3.Text) End Function
Private Sub cmdAverage_Click() Call avg End Sub Private Sub cmdTotal_Click() Call tot End Sub
(12) jfty; NjlYf;F ,izaj;jpd; gad;ghL (01) ,izak;:
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
23 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
,izaj;jpd; Kf;fpa nray;Kiwfs;:
kpd;dQ;ry;> /Nghuk; Forums> ciuahly; FO> cyfshtpa ,iza tiy> fye;Jiuahlw;
FO> nra;jpf; FO> Nfhg;G khw;wj;jpw;fhd nrk;ik elg;nghOq;F (File Transfer Protocol)
tiy NkNyhbfs;: ,izaj; jsj;jpy; ,iza gf;fq;fis ghu;itapLtjw;fhf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fzpdp nkd;nghUs;fs; tiyNkNyhbfshFk;.
Internet Explorer, Mozilla FireFox, Google Chrome, Opera
Njlw;nghwpfs;: ,izaj;jsj;jpy; NjLjy; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; fzpdp nkd;nghUs;fs;.
Yahoo, Google, ask, Altavist
,iza Kftup: ,izaj;js jfty;fis xOq;FKiwapy; eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; nray;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; toq;fg;gLk; jdpj;Jtkhd ngau;.
www.schoonet.lk, www.doenets.gov.lk,
,izaj;jpy; ,iztjw;Fj; Njitahdit: njiyNgrp ,izg;G> fzpdp> nkhnlk;> njhlu;ghly; fzpdp nkd;nghUs;> ,iza Nrit toq;Feu; ISP.
(02) kpd;dQ;ry;:
Inbox: vkf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; kpd;dQ;ry;fs; te;JNrUk; ,lk;.
Draft: mDg;Gtjw;fhf jahupf;fg;gl;l Kbtilahj fbjq;fs; ,q;F Nru;j;J itf;fg;gLk;.
Sent: vk;khy; mDg;g;gl;l fbjq;fspd; gpujpfs; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLk; ,lk;.
Spam: vkf;Ff; fpilf;Fk; mdhkNjaf; fbjq;fs; ,q;F te;J NrUk;.
Trash: mopf;fg;gLk; fbjq;fs; ,jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;fg;gLk;.
To: kpd;dQ;ry; mDg;gNtz;batuJ kpd;dQ;ry; Kftup cl;GFj;jg;gLk; ,lk;. kpd;dQ;riyg; gyUf;F mDg;gNtz;ba re;ju;g;gj;jpy; Kftupfs; fhw;Gs;sp (>) milahsk; ,l;L Nru;f;fg;gLk;.
Cc: kpd;dQ;rypd; efy; (gpujp) Fwpg;gpl;l egiuj; jtpu VidNahUf;Fk; mDg;gNtz;ba re;ju;g;gj;jpy; KftupfSf;F ,ilNa fhw;Gs;sp ,l;L Kftupfs; cl;GFj;jg;gLk; ,lk;. ,k; Kftupfs; fbjk; fpilf;fg;ngWk; midtuhYk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Uf;Fk;.
Bcc: kpd;dQ;rypid gy egu;fSf;F mDg;Gtjw;fhf ,J gad;gLk;. vdpDk;> ,q;Fs;s Kftupfis Kftup ,lg;gLk; Fwpg;gpl;l egiuj; jtpu NtW Kftupf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd vtuhYk; fhzKbahJ.
Subject: fbjk; njhlu;ghf jiyaq;fk; ,Ltjw;fhf ,J cgNahfg;gLj;jg;gLk;.
Attachments: kpd;dQ;rYld; Gifg;glk;> xyp xsp epfo;r;rpfspd; Nfhg;Gf;fis ,izg;ghf mDg;Gtjw;Fg; gad;gLk;.
Reply: fpilf;fg;ngw;w kpd;dQ;ry; fbjnkhd;wpw;F gjpy; mDg;Gtjw;Fg; gad;gLk;.
Forward: fpilj;j kpd;dQ;rypid NtnwhUtUf;F jpUg;gpaDg;GtJ.
Sign Up: Gjpa kpd;dQ;ry; fzf;if Muk;gpg;gjw;fhd re;ju;g;gj;jpid Vw;gLj;jg; gad;gLk;.
Sign In: Vw;fdNt ngw;Wf;nfhz;l kpd;dQ;ry; fzf;fpDs; Eiotjw;Fg; gad;gLk;.
Sign Out: cs; Eioe;j kpd;dQ;ry; fzf;fpypUe;J ntspNaWtjw;Fg; gad;gLk;.
kpd;dQ;ry; Nritapd; rpwg;gk;]q;fs;: tpiuthdJ> ,yhgfukhdJ> cyfpd; vg;gFjpapy; cs;stUlDk; njhlu;gpid Vw;gLj;jyhk;> Gifg;glq;fs; rydg;glq;fs; Fuy; xyp Nghd;wtw;iw ,izj;J mDg;gyhk;> kpd;dQ;ry; Fwpj;j egiu nrd;wilahtpl;lhy; fhuzk; te;J Nruy;. (Windows Outlook, Webmail)
kpd;dQ;ry; Kftup: ,dq;fhZk; ngau;> Ms;fsg; ngau; Mfpa ,U gFjpfisf; nfhz;like;jJ. ,t;tpU gFjpfisAk; Ntwhf;Ftjw;F @ FwpaPL gad;gLj;jg;gLk;.
(ID@DomainName)
[email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
24 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
kpd;dQ;rYld; njhlu;Gila Nritaf fzpdpfs;;.
SMPT Server, POP3 Server
Ms;fsg; ngaupd; ,Wjpg; gFjp FwpaPLfs;;.
.com thzpg epWtdq;fs; .int ru;tNjr epWtdq;fs;
.edu fy;tp epWtdq;fs; .net tiyaikg;G njhopDl;g epWtdq;fs;
.org mur rhu;gw;w ,yhg Nehf;fw;w epWtdq;fs; .lk ,yq;if
.gov mur epWtdq;fs; .us mnkupf;fh
.mil gilazp .ch rPdh
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
25 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(13) fUj;Jg; gupkhw;wj;Jf;fhd gy;Ylfg; gad;ghL (01) tz;z khjpupaq;fs;:
RGB: rptg;G> gr;ir> ePyk;. njiyf;fhl;rp> fzpdpj; jpiufspy; cUthf;fg;gLk;.
CMYK: ,sePyk;> Cjh> kQ;rs;> (fWg;G) mr;R Clf NtiyfSf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdJ.
(02) xU glj;jpd; my;yJ gbkj;jpd; jukhdJ jq;fpAs;s fhuzpfs;:
• glj;jpd; ePsk;> mfyk; (gpupjpwd;).
• xU gl%yj;jpy;(pixel) mlq;fpAs;s epwq;fspd; vz;zpf;if (bit-depth).
(03) RGB= 256x256x256 =16777216 epwq;fs; (RGB, 24 Bits= 8x8x8) . xU %y epwj;jpw;F 256 (0-255) (28
bits) gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. (04) gpupjpwd; (Resolution): jpiuapy;(glj;jpy;) xU mq;Fy rJug;gug;gpy; cs;s gl%yq;fspd;
vz;zpf;if ppi (Pixel Per Inch), dpi(Dots per Inch). ( fzpdpapy; my;yJ njhiyf;fhl;rpj; jpiuapy; jdpj; jdpNa vLf;fj;jf;f glf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if)
72ppi gpupjpwd; vdg;gLtJ. 72x72=5184 gl%yq;fs; (1 mq;Fy ePsKk;> 1 mq;Fy mfyKk; nfhz;l gug;gpy; mike;jpUf;Fk;) gupjpwd; mjpfupf;f glj;jpd; juKk; mjpfupf;Fk;. (05) gbkthf;fy; nkd;nghUs;fs;:
Adobe photoshop: xspg;gnkhd;wpd; juj;ij Nkk;gLj;jy;> xspg;glj;jpy; cs;s ghfq;fis mfw;Wjy;> vOj;JU tiffisr; Nru;j;jy;> Nkyjpf myq;fhuj;jpid xspg;glj;jpw;F Vw;gLj;jy; Nghd;wtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;.
(06) File Format:
BMP, TIFE, TGA, JPEG, GIF
(JPEG-Joint Photographers Expert Group, GIF- Graphic Interchange Format rpwe;jit) (07)
Polygonal Lasso Tool gy;Nfhzp tbtq;fis njupT nra;a
Magnetic Lasso Tool ve;jnthU tbtj;jpYk; njupT nra;a
Brush Tool tpUk;gpa cUtq;fis tiue;J nfhs;s
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
26 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(14) gy;Ylfj; njhopDl;gj;ijf; nfhz;l ,izaj;jsq;fis cUthf;fy;
Tag milahs xl;Lf;fs; <Body>, <B>, <Html>….
HTML Hyper Text Marup
Language
Web Browser tiy NkNyhb Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Safari, Google
Chrome, …
Home Page
Web Page
Web Site
njhlf;fg; gf;fk; ,izag; gf;fk; ,izaj; jsk;
Search Engine Njlw; nghwp Google, Yahoo,
Teleconferencing njhiy khehL
,izaj; js cUthf;f nkd;nghUs;fs; WYSIWIG- Editor
Adobe ColdFusion, Macromedia Dreamweaver,
Microsoft Expression Web, SharePoint Designer,
Visual Studio, Visual Web Developer Express,
Microsoft Front page.
gy;NtW Clfq;fspd; Nru;khdk; gy;Ylfk; MFk; (Gjpdj; jhs;fs;> rQ;rpiffs;> jpiug;glq;fs;> thndhyp> njhiyf;fhl;rp). ,jDlhf Fwpg;gpl;l tupAUf;fs;> nrhw;fs;> juTfs;> xspg;glq;fs;> tiutpay;fs;> xypfs;> mirT+l;lq;fs;> xspj;Njhw;wq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp jfty;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;syhk;.
WWW Server vdg;gLk; cyfshtpa ,iza Nritafj;jpy; ,izag; gf;fq;fs; fsQ;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mf;fzpdpapy; mlq;fpAs;s jfty;fis ehk; ,yFthfg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;. upk; gu;d]; yP vd;gtuhy; WWW cyfshtpa ,izak;(tiy) mwpKfk; nra;ag;gl;lJ.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
27 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
28 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(15) jftw; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gKk; r%fKk; (01) tptrhaj;Jiwapy; jftw; njhopDl;gj;jpd; gad;ghL:
tptrhaj;Jiwapy; Vw;gl;LtUk; etPd Ma;Tfspd; my;yJ gupNrhjidfspd; ngWNgWfisg; gupkhwpf;nfhs;tjw;F ,izak; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
tptahapfSf;Fk; re;ijfSf;Fk; ,ilNa njhlu;ig Vw;gLj;Jtjdhy; re;ijapd; tpiy epiyikfis clDf;Fld; mwpe;J nfhs;s cjTtJld; re;ijapy; ,lk;ngWk; KiwNfLfspy; ,Ue;J tptrhapfSf;Fg; ghJfhg;G mspf;f %bAk;.
,ilj;jufu;fs; %yk; tptrhapfs; Ruz;lg;gLtJ jtpu;f;fg;gLtJld; tptrha cw;gj;jpfSf;Fupa epahakhd tpiyAk; fpilf;fg;ngWk;.
,izaj;jpd; %yk; tptrha cw;gj;jpf;Fj; Njitahd fhyepiyj; jfty;fisg; gupkhwpf; nfhs;syhk;.
tptrhak; rhu;e;j nfhLg;gdT mwpf;iffis fzpdpg;gLj;jy; ,yFthdJ.. (02) ifj;njhopw;Jiwapy; jftw;njhopDl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;;
gy;NtW nghUl;fisAk; fUtpfisAk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak;NghJ mit njhlu;ghd Muk;gj; jpl;lkpliy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;Fk;> KbTg; nghUspd; mikg;ig Kd;dNu mwpe;J nfhs;sTk; jftw;njhopDl;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
fzpdpapd; %yk; ,aq;Fk; NuhNgh ,ae;jpuq;fisg; gad;gLj;jp KO cw;gj;jpr; nrad;KiwiaAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jp KbTg; nghUl;fisf; Fiwfs; vJTkpd;wp ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
(03) mur JiwAk; jfty; gupkhw;wKk;:
murJiw Mtzq;fs;> mwpf;iffs;> nghJj; juTfs;> jfty;fs;> nra;jpj; jhs;fs;> Rw;wwpf;iffs;> rl;lk; Nghd;w Njrpa Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j Nritfs; fzpdpkag;gLj;jy;.
kf;fs; tPl;bypUe;jthNw Nkw;gb jfty;fisAk; NritfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;syhk;.
(04) jftw;njhopDl;gKk; tu;j;jfKk;:
nghUl;fis cw;gj;jp nra;tJ Kjy; nfhs;tdT nra;tJ tiuAs;s rfy nraw;ghLfspYk; jftw;njhopDl;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
,izaj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp tpahghu eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjdhy; nghUshjhu uPjpapYk; epUthf uPjpapYk; ed;ikfs; fpilf;fpd;wd.
ru;tNjr uPjpahf tu;j;jfg; nghUl;fspd; tpiyfis xg;gpl;L tpUk;gpa ehl;by; ,Ue;J nghUl;fisf; nfhs;tdT nra;aTk;> mNef re;ju;g;gq;fspy; Fiwe;j tpiyapy; nghUl;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Ug;gJk; ed;ikfshFk;. (Amazon)
,izaj;jpd; %yk; tpahghuf; nfhLf;fy; thq;fy;fis Nkw;nfhs;Sjy; kpfTk; ghJfhg;ghdJk;> ,yFthdJkhFk;.
tpUk;gpa vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; nghUl;fs; njhlu;ghd tpguq;fisj; Njly;> fUj;Jf;fisg; gupkhwy; nghUl;fSf;fhd nfhs;tdTf; fl;lisfis ,ly; vd;gdtw;iw Nkw;nfhs;tJld; mjw;fhd gzj;ij VISA, Master ml;il %ykhfr; nrYj;j KbAk;.
tpkhdr; rPl;Lf;fis ngwy;> Rw;Wyhtpw;Fj; Njiahd N`hl;ly;fis xJf;fpf; nfhs;sy;> ez;gu;fSf;Fg; gupRg; nghUl;fis mDg;gpf; nfhs;Sjy;> Milfis thq;Ftjw;Fk; ,aYk;.
(05) jftw;njhopDl;gKk; Rfhjhuj;JiwAk;:
Rfhjhuj; Jiwapy; kUe;Jfisj; jahupj;jy;> kUj;Jt Ma;Tfs;> kUj;Jt gupNrhjidfs;> mWitr; rpfpr;ir Nghd;wdtw;wpw;F fzpdpj; njhopDl;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
MRI tUb %yk; ntspg;ghu;itf;Fj; njupahj clypd; cs; mtatq;fis gy;NtW Nfhzq;fspy; cau; juj;jpy;> tu;zq;nfhz;ljhf glk;gpbg;gjd; %yk; kUj;Jtu;fs; rupahd jPu;khdq;fis vLf;f cjTfpd;wJ.
CAT tUb %yk; Kg;gupkhzg; glq;fs; ngwg;gLk;. cUg;gpf;fg;gl;l glq;fs; %yk; cs; cWg;Gf;fspy; Vw;gLfpd;w Fzg;gLj;j Kbahj Neha;fisf; fz;lwpa cjTfpd;wJ. (vYk;G kr;ir).
EEG %yk; %isapy; Vw;gLfpd;w jPik tpistpf;Fk; nraw;ghLfs; gw;wpr; rupahf mwpe;J nfhs;syhk;. Jq;Fk;NghJ> elf;Fk;NghJ> jpBu; re;ju;g;gq;fspd;NghJ %isapd; nraw;ghl;bid ,jd; %yk; mtjhdpf;fyhk;.
Telemedicine: kUj;Jtu;fs; Nehahspfisg; gupNrhjpj;jy;> mtjhdpj;jy;> NehahsuJ kUj;Jt mwpf;iffis Kfhik nra;jy; vd;gdtw;wpw;F fzpdp kag;gLj;jg;gl;l jfty; njhopDl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy; Telemedicine MFk;>
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
29 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
(06) fy;tpj; Jiwapy; jftw;njhopDl;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;jy;:
fzpdp mbg;gilapyhd gapw;rp> ,iza mbg;gilapyhd gapw;rp> fw;wy; Kfhikj;Jt Kiw> njhiyf; fy;tp KiwfspDlhf kpd;fy;tp KiwahdJ Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ.
,iza trjp ,y;yhjtu;fSf;F ,yj;jpudpay; fy;tp epfo;r;rp> ghl ,Wtl;Lf;fs;> %yk; fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhLf;fyhk;.
,k; kpd;fw;ifapy; khztu;fs; jhk; tpUk;Gk; re;ju;g;gj;jpy; fw;wy; eltbf;iffspy; <Lglr; re;ju;g;gk; fpilj;jy;> tpUk;Gk; ghlnewpiaj; njupT nra;jy; rpwg;gk;]q;fshFk;.
fw;if Kiwapy; cs;s ghlnewpfs; gy;tifg;gl;l gy;Ylf fUtpfisg; gad;gLj;jp mikf;fg;gl;lik khztu;fSf;F fw;wypy; Mu;tj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.
khztu;fisg; gjpT nra;jy;> guPl;ir eltbf;iffs;> Rafw;wy; gapw;rpfs;> Njitahd topfhl;ly;fs; ,tw;wpd; %yk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
gjpT nra;Jnfhz;l khztu;fs; gpur;rpidfs; Njhd;Wk; re;ju;g;gq;fspy; mjw;fhd cjtpia kpd;dQ;ry; %yk; jkJ MNyhrfUld; my;yJ gjpT nra;J nfhz;l gpw khztu;fSld; njhlu;gpid vw;gLj;jpj; jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;.
ghlrhiyfspy; khztu;fisg; gjpT nra;jy;> Neu R+rpif jahupj;jy;> yPT eltbf;iffs;> tuTg; gjpTfs;> elj;ijr; rhd;wpjo; jahupj;jy;> fl;lzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpid Kfhik nra;tjw;F jfty; njhlu;ghly; njhopDl;gk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
(07) fzpdp Kiwikfs; vjpu;Nehf;Fk; gpur;rpidfSk; rthy;fSk;: fzpdp KiwikfSf;F gpur;rpidfisAk;> rthy;fisAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; nkd;nghUs;fs; jPa nkd;nghUs;fs; ( Malware or Malicious Software) vd miof;fg;gLk;.
fzpdp er;R epuy;: o fzpdpr; nra;epuypd; cs;Ns ,Ue;jthW RakhfNt ngUFk; Mw;wYilaJ. o ,izak;> tiyaikg;G> kpd;dQ;ry;> ,Wtl;Lf;fs;> nefpo;tl;Lf;fs;> ,yf;fKiw gy;jpwthw;wy; tl;L> gspr;rPl;L tl;L Nghd;wtw;wpDlhf er;R epuy; guTfpd;wJ.er;R epuy; guTfpd;wJ.er;R epuy; guTfpd;wJ.er;R epuy; guTfpd;wJ.
o er;Rer;Rer;Rer;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba tpisTfs;:epuy; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba tpisTfs;:epuy; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba tpisTfs;:epuy; jhf;fj;jpdhy; Vw;glf;$ba tpisTfs;: fzpdpapDs; Nrkpf;fg;gl;Ls;s juTfSk; jfty;fSk; mope;JNghjy;> rpijTWjy;. nkd;nghUl;fs; nraypoj;jy;. fzpdpapd; nraw;wpwd; Fiwtiljy;. fhyg;Nghf;fpy; fzpdp td;nghUl;fSf;F ghjpg;G Vw;gLjy;.
o er;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpid ,dq;fhzer;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpid ,dq;fhzer;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpid ,dq;fhzer;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpid ,dq;fhz gad;gLk; mwpFwpfs;:gad;gLk; mwpFwpfs;:gad;gLk; mwpFwpfs;:gad;gLk; mwpFwpfs;: fzpdpapd; nraw;ghl;L Ntfk; Fiwtiljy;. fhuzkpd;wp fzpdp mbf;fb nraypoj;jy;> kPs Muk;gpj;jy;> kPs Muk;gpf;f Kbahky; Nghjy;> Muk;gpf;f mjpf Neuk; vLj;jy;. rpy nkd;nghUl;fs; ,af;f Kbahky; Nghjy;> nraw;ghL rpijtiljy;> jhdhf mopf;fg;gLjy;. Nfhitfs; jhdhfNt mopf;fg;gLjy;. gadw;w Nfhitfs; Nru;f;fg;gLjy;. jpiuapy; Njitaw;w mwpTWj;jy;fs; nra;jpfs; fhl;rpg;gLj;jg;gly;. Gjpa nkd;nghUl;fisr; Nru;f;fKbahky; Nghjy;. gl;bg; gl;ilfspd; xOq;F rpijtiljy;. gy;NtW rj;jq;fs; Vw;gly;. td;tl;L nrYj;jp nraypoj;jy;> njhlu;r;rpahf ,aq;Fjy;. rupahf mr;nrLf;f Kbahky; Nghjy;> Njitaw;w tplaq;fs; mr;rhjy;. tl;Lf;fspy; ,lk; ,Ue;jhYk; ,lk; ,y;iy vd Fwpg;gply;.
o fzpdpapy; er;R epuiy ePf;Ftjw;Fupa rpwe;jtop er;Repuy; vjpu;g;Gr; nra;epuy;er;Repuy; vjpu;g;Gr; nra;epuy;er;Repuy; vjpu;g;Gr; nra;epuy;er;Repuy; vjpu;g;Gr; nra;epuy;fisg; gad;gLj;JtjhFk;. Anti Virus : Norton, McAfee, Panda, AVG, Kaspersky, Avira, Avast.
o er;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;:er;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;:er;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;:er;R epuy; jhf;fj;jpypUe;J ghJfhj;jy;: jPr; Rtupid njhopw;ghl;by; itj;jpUj;jy;. fhg;G Nfhitfis eilKiwg;gLj;jy;> er;R epuy; vjpu;g;Gr; nra;epuy;fspy; cs;s ghJfhg;G Kiwfis njhopw;ghl;by; itj;jpUj;jy;. vg;NghJk; %y nkd;nghUl;fisg; gad;gLj;jy;. nghJthd ghtidf;F epu;thff; fzf;fpidg; gad;gLj;jhJ rhjhuz ghtidf; fzf;fpidg; gad;gLj;jy;. mwpKfkpy;yhj ,izaj; jsq;fis gad;gLj;Jtijj; jtpu;j;jy;. kpd;dQ;ry; ,izg;Gf;fis mtjhdkhff; ifahsy;. gspr;rPl;L tl;Lf;fis ftdkhfg; gad;gLj;Jjy;. nkd;nghUl;fspd; fl;lisg; gpupT trjpfis nraw;gLj;jhJ itj;jpUj;jy;.
Ntu;k;];: o kdpjdpd; jiyaPL ,d;wp RakhfNt gpujpahf;fk; nra;Ak; Mw;wYilaJ. o tiyaikg;gpDlhf Ntfkhf gutp ghuJukhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;.
l;nuh[d; N`hu;];: o gaDs;s fzpdp nra;epuy; vd mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl;L kiwe;jpUe;J mopit Vw;gLj;Jk;.
];igntahu;: o fzpdpapDs; epiynfhz;L fzpdpapd; juTfis gpujp nra;J nfhLf;Fk;. o ,izaj;jsq;fspDlhf njhlu;gpid Vw;gLj;jpg; gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; NghJ fzpdpapd; flTr;nrhy;> jdpg;gl;l tpguq;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw gpw fzpdpfSf;F gupkhw;wk; nra;Ak;.
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Hardware & Networking Solution Team - Jaffna
30 G.C.E (O/L) - 2015 Information & Communication Technology
ml;ntahu;: o ,izaj;js;fisg; gad;gLj;Jifapy; jpiuapy; Njhd;Wk; Njitaw;w tpsk;guq;fs;> mwpTWj;jy;fs; ,itahFk;.
o ,tw;wpdhy; cs uPjpahd jhf;fk;> ftdk; fiyf;fg;gly;> fhy tPz;tpuak; Nghd;wd Vw;glf;$Lk;.
i`[hf;fu;: o VjhtnjhU fzpdpapy; fhzg;gLk; juTfs; kw;Wk; jfty;fis NtW xUtuhy; Fwpj;j fzpdp cupikahsupd; mDkjp ,d;wp ngw;Wf;nfhs;tJ.
layu;: o nkhlk; ghtidA+lhf Vw;gLk; Dial up gpur;rpidfs;. o Nkyjpf njhiyNgrpf; fl;lzq;fs; Vw;gly;> njhiyNgrp ghtidapy; jilNaw;gly;.
];ghk;: o mtrpakw;w kpd;dQ;ry;fis njhlu;e;J kpd;dQ;ry; Kftupf;F fpilf;fg;ngwy;. o Kf;fpa kpd;dQ;ry;fs; jpUk;gptpLjy;> kpd;dQ;ry;fis mopf;f mjpf Neuk; vLj;jy;> kpd;dQ;riyg; gad;gLj;jy; rpukk; Vw;glyhk;.
(04) fzpdpAk; MNuhf;fpaKk;:
kf;fs; jkJ flikfSld; ngsjpf mk;rq;fis ,izj;J nray;gLj;jy; njhlu;ghd fw;ifapid Ergonomics vd;gu;. (Ergo – Work, nomos – law)
kPs;tUk; jifg;GkPs;tUk; jifg;GkPs;tUk; jifg;GkPs;tUk; jifg;G: xNu gzpapy; njhlu;e;J ePz;l Neuk; <LgLtjd; fhuzkhf clypy; Vw;gLk; xUtif typ kPs;tUk; jifg;G RSI vd;gu;.
fz; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs;:fz; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs;:fz; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs;:fz; njhlu;ghd gpur;rpidfs;: o tuz;l fz;> fz; vupT> fz; typ> ghu;itf; FiwT> ,ul;ilg; ghu;it> jiy typ. o mbf;fb fz;fis %Ljy;> tpj;jpahrkhd Juq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; nghUl;fspd; kPJ ghu;itiar; nrYj;Jjy;> Rw;Wr; R+oiy fhw;Nwhl;lkhfTk; Nghjpa ntspr;rj;JlDk; itj;jpUj;jy;> ,ilapilNa Xa;ntLj;jy; %yk; Nkw;gb gpur;rpidfis eptu;j;jp nra;ayhk;.
fzpdpfs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpjk; fzpdpg; gad;ghl;lhsu;fis ghjpg;giar; nra;ayhk;: o ghJfhg;gpd;wp mq;Fkpq;Fk; kpd; tau;fs; ,izf;fg;gl;bUj;jy;. o nghUj;jkw;w Nkir> fjpiufisg; gad;gLj;jy;. o Nghjpa kpd;ndhsp ,d;wp ,Uj;jy;. o fhw;Nwhl;lk; Ngzg;glhik. o fzpdp JizAWg;Gf;fs; rupahfTk;> KiwahfTk; gad;gLj;jhik (mr;Rg;gpujpnaLg;ghdpd; Torner cupa Kiwapy; mfw;wg;glhik)