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Eduardo H. Enrique
Stantec Consulting Ltd.
Generation Capability Curves for Wind Farms
IEEE Conference on Technologies for Sustainability
2014
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Objective of this presentation
VERIFY COMPLIANCE WITH THE REQUIREMENTS FROM THE UTILITY
AT THE POINT OF COMMON COUPLING:
REACTIVE POWER EQUAL TO ± “Q” (MVAr) AT ALL “P” (MW)
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Objective of this presentation
COLLECTOR
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Agenda
1 Wind turbines performance
2 Collector system components
3 Wind farm load flow
4 Summary
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Wind turbines performance 1
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1 Wind turbines performance
TYPE 4 WIND TURBINE P-Q DIAGRAM
ACTIVE POWER P AND REACTIVE POWER Q SIGN CONVENTIONS PER IEEE 1459
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1 Wind turbines performance
TYPE 4 WIND TURBINE P-Q DIAGRAM
Q
P
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1 Wind turbines performance
TYPE 4 WIND TURBINE P-Q DIAGRAM WITH STATCOM CAPABILITIES
Q
P
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1 Wind turbines performance
WIND FARM TURBINES AGGREGATE P-Q DIAGRAM
Q
P
+
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1 Wind turbines performance
TYPE 4 WIND TURBINE POWER-VOLTAGE (P-V) OUTPUT
&
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Collector system components 2
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2 Collector system components
TRANSMISSION LINES
UNDERGROUND CABLES
TRANSFORMERS
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2 Collector system components
QL ~ I2 xL
QC ~ Vr2 / xC
APPROXIMATED EQUIVALENT MODEL OF A
TRANSMISSION LINE AND UNDERGROUND CABLE
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2 Collector system components
APPROXIMATED EQUIVALENT MODEL
OF A TRANSFORMER
QL ~ I2 xL
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Wind farm load flow 3
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3 Wind farm load flow
UTILITY REQUIREMENTS OF REACTIVE POWER AT THE PCC
Q
P
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3 Wind farm load flow
WIND FARM GENERATION CAPABILITY CURVE FOR MINIMUM VOLTAGE AT THE PCC
Q
P
+ + +
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3 Wind farm load flow
WIND FARM GENERATION CAPABILITY CURVE FOR MINIMUM VOLTAGE AT THE PCC
Q
P
+ + +
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3 Wind farm load flow
VOLTAGE LIMITATIONS ON THE P-Q DIAGRAM P = 0MW, Q ≠ 0MVAr
G
V∞ VT XL
I
P,Q
ONE-LINE EQUIVALENT MODEL OF THE WIND FARM
REFERENCE CAPABILITY CURVE
90°
V
Vj I X
I
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I
j I XV V
3 Wind farm load flow
VOLTAGE LIMITATIONS ON THE P-Q DIAGRAM P ≠ 0MW, Q = 0MVAr
G
V∞ VT XL
I
P,Q
ONE-LINE EQUIVALENT MODEL OF THE WIND FARM
REFERENCE CAPABILITY CURVE
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3 Wind farm load flow
VOLTAGE LIMITATIONS ON THE P-Q DIAGRAM P = 0MW, Q ≠ 0MVAr
G
V∞ VT XL
I
P,Q
ONE-LINE EQUIVALENT MODEL OF THE WIND FARM
REFERENCE CAPABILITY CURVE V
V
j I X
I
90°
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Summary 4
1. The capability curves are an effective tool to evaluate
compliance with the requirements of the utility at the PCC
2. These curves provide a view of the effects of the electrical
components in the collector system and substation
3. The need for additional reactive power can be visualized
without having to resolve the system load flow each time
4. They show the limitations of the wind farm in the event of
changing conditions in the transmission system.
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Questions?
Eduardo H. Enrique
Stantec Consulting Ltd.