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Take out notebooks-create P15L Warm-Up: Political Cartoon (15L)
Warm-Up: Analyze the political cartoon P15L What do you see? What is it trying to saying? Who are the protesters? Why are the
protesting? (think about Independence after WWII/Africa-look back at your notes)
Road to IndependenceINDIA
INDIA Located south of Asia 7th largest country 2nd most populous country Gained Independence in
1947
Colonization Europeans became interested in India
through exploration and trade (natural resources) Great Britain colonized India GB allowed local Indian princes to keep their
throne only if they were loyal to Britain While in control, Great Britain:
• gave more rights to the British in India than the Indians
• Forced Indians to pay taxes to Britain• Took the profits from Indian crops and products
United They Stand…(rise of Indian Nationalism)
Indians founded in 1888Indian National Congress (INC)
• Members mostly Hindu Indians• Goal: to gain equal rights
After WWII India began working toward becoming an independent nation.
INC united with Muslim League (ML) • Formed to help fight for Independence• Represented Muslim minority in India
Mohandas Gandhi the most famous
member of the INC Best known for leading
India toward independence
Used nonviolent resistance against British to grant independence• Marches• Boycotted British products• Refused to pay taxes
Civil Rights Activist Born October 2, 1869
in India
Mohandas Gandhi 1888 studied law in London 1907 lived in South Africa
• Fought for civil rights of Muslim and Hindu Indians in South Africa
1915 returned to India to joined INC Assassinated by Hindu Nationalist
• could not forgive Gandhi for his belief that Muslims were equal to Hindus
• Gandhi died January 30, 1948 (78 yrs old)
Gandhi's Salt March March 12, 1930 Most famous march Nonviolent protest against Britain's
salt tax
After Independence The INC and the ML
split over major issue:• Hindu Indians would
control government• ML feared discrimination
if Hindus took charge• Demanded India be split
into two independent countries
one Hindu and one Muslim
India vs. Pakistan (After Independence) Great Britain divided territories
between Hindus and Muslims Land with Hindu majority
became India Land with Muslim majority
became Pakistan Muslims moved to Pakistan Hindus moved to India 10 million people
displaced• 1 million killed during forced
migration
Conflict Over Kashmir Small region in the northwest At time of independence, prince of
Kashmir was Hindu Though most people in Kashmir were
Muslim, prince declared Kashmir a part of India
Led to uprisings, revolts, and eventually war between India and Pakistan
Land was divided between both countries
Imperialism in India DBQ Paste the questions on P 15N With your group read Documents 1-8 Answer the questions on P 15N
• Continue P15N to next page if needed
Brain PopMohandas Gandhi
http://www.brainpop.com/socialstudies/famoushistoricalfigures/mahatmagandhi/
4-24/4-25
Warm-Up COPY & ANSWER the question
on P15 Who was Mohandas Gandhi?
Why was he an important leader of during Indian Independence movement?
(5+ sentences) Use notes to remember what you just saw in
the video & learned last class.
Mohandas Gandhi P15 Npassage
Use the passage to fill in the blanks.
Mohandas G__n__h__ helped I__d__a gain self-rule by using n__n -v__o__e__t protest. Gandhi was a l__w__e__ who initially practiced in S__u__h A__r__c__. He spoke to I__d__a__s living in South Africa about h__m__n rights and urged them to pr__t__s__ unjust l__w__. One he returned to I________, Gandhi championed the rights of the un__o__c__a__l__s. He said they had been b__e__s__d by their s__f__e__i__g. Gandhi renamed the untouchables the h__r__j__n, which means “c__i__d__e__of g__d.” Gandhi urged the I__d__a__ people to pr__t__s__ British rule through non-v__o__e__t civil d__s__b__d__e__c__. He began wearing Indian c__o__h__n__ that he s__w__d himself. The people of India began to call Gandhi the M____________, which means “great s__u__.” Gandhi was a H__n__u, but he was very d__s__p__o__n__e__ by p__r__i__i__n and the v__o__e__c__. He went on a f__s__, which stopped rioting in D__l__i and C__l__u__t__. A few d______ later, Gandhi was a__s__s__n__t__d by a H________ who did not want p__a__e.
Modern India - Government
World’s Largest Democracy Parliamentary government
• Unlike GB, does not have a king or queen (monarch)
• Parliament, or legislature, consists of many political parties
• Party with most seats elects Prime Minister
Structure of Parliament Divided into 2
Houses• Lok Sabha – House
of the People Elected by people Serve 5-year terms
• Rajya Sabha – Council of the States
12 members Elected by the
president
Heads of State• President
Ceremonial position
Signs bills into laws Names Prime
Minister Appoints Rajya
Sabha• Prime Minister
Most powerful position
Leads Council of Ministers
Oversees daily work of government
5-year term
Solutions to Challenges Government is working to solve many
of the problems caused by overpopulation• Campaigns to persuade people to have
fewer children• Offer women opportunities for education
and jobs• Improve education system, especially in
rural areas Education = better jobs = more money =
better opportunities for healthcare, jobs, and housing
Modern India
Family Life Live with extended families Women move in with husband’s
family Marriage is union of two families Parents often choose spouses
Village vs. Urban Life
Varies across countryHouses built with:
•Mud•Brick•Bamboo stilts
No electricity or running water is commonOften children learn job of the parentEnsures stability of villageSometimes children choose to move to cityCan earn money to send back home
Centers for creativity and technology developmentCities are overpopulated:
•Mumbai – 18 mil.•Kolkata – 14 mil.•Bangalore – 5 mil.
Shortage of housing, jobs, transportation, and servicesHigh poverty rateMany live in slums:
•Shacks•No running water/ electricity•Uncontrolled sewage•Disease
Village Life City Life
Popular Culture Bollywood
• Largest movie industry in the world 5 million industry workers Produced in 52 languages
• Based on myths and folktales• Feature song-and-dance routines
Sports• Most popular is cricket
11 players Uses a wicket and a ball
• Also play soccer and hockey
India’s Economy
-Agriculture-Industries-Global Trade-Technology
Agriculture Largest industry in India ½ of land used for farms Average sizes 1-5 acres Most farms use plows and
ox Major crops:
• Rice• Wheat• Oilseed• Cotton• Tea• Sugar cane• Jute
Many struggle to survive on what they produce
Solutions/Advancements:• Dividing land more equally• Green Revolution
• Seeds that produce more crops
• Fertilizers• Pesticides• Irrigation
Industry Industry = manufacturing of a good Many natural resources in India Other major Industries:
• Iron ore/Coal = steel• Cloth (cotton) – major product• Chemicals• Processed foods• Transportation equipment• Cement• Precious gems and metals
Cottage Industries Workers produce goods from home Millions are a part of this industry Goods produced include:
• Textiles• Brassware• Jewelry• Leather goods• Matches• Incense
Technology Fastest growing industry Develop computer software
• Over 1,000 companies Many U.S. businesses base technical
support out of India• High percentage of Indians available
that speak English• Highly skilled• Wages/salaries lower than in U.S.
