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SP3H GRAMMAR BOOKJulio Chupp
TABLE OF CONTENTS Imperfect Preterite Por y Para Stressed Possessive adjectives & pronouns Usted & ustedes commands Present subjunctive Subjunctive with verbs of will & influence Subjunctive with verbs of emotion Subjunctive with verbs of doubt & disbelief Subjunctive conjunctions
IMPERFECTAr Er Ir
Cantaba Tenía Salía
Cantabas Teníias Salías
Cantaba Tenía Salía
Cantábamos Teníamos Salíamos
Cantaban Tenían Salían
Use to: speak about background events in a story, talk about something you used to do as a matter of habit, speak about how old someone was, say what time it was
PRETERITE
Ar verbs
éaste
ó
amosasteisaron
Er/Ir verbs
íisteió
imosisteisieron
used for past actions that are seen as completed
POR
To express gratitude/apology
“through”“along”
“by”“in the area of”
talking about exchange,
including sales
to express a length of time
to express cause or reason
PARA
PARA
Indicate Destination
“In order to”“For” “By”
“Considering”
Indicate Purpose, Intent,
Usefulness, Need
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Short form
MiTuSuNuestroVuestroSu
Long FormMioTuyoSuyoNuestroVuestroSuyo
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS To form possessive pronoun:
Use the long form of possessive adjectiveAdd le, la, los, las based on the gender and
number of the nounAttach pronoun to reflexive when using
reflexive in infinitive form
USTED & USTEDES COMMANDS 1) Start with the yo form of the present
indicative. 2) Then drop the -o ending. 3) Finally, add the following endings:
-ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)
-er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)
PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE reflects how the speaker feels about the
action 1) Start with the yo form of the present
indicative. 2) Then drop the -o ending. 3) Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs:
-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en
-er and -ir verbs:-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an
SUBJUNCTIVE W/ VERBS OF WILL & INFLUENCE Rogar (o-ue)
To beg/plead Recomendar (e-ie)
To recommend Prohibir
To prohibit Mandar
To order Insistir
To insist
ImportarTo be important
AconsejarTo advise
Sugerir (e-ie)To
suggest
SUBJUNCTIVE W/ VERBS OF EMOTION
Es triste – it’s sad
Ojála (que) – I hope that/wish that
Sorprender – to surprise Temer – to be afraid/fearAlegrarse (de) – to be happy
Esperar – to hope/wish Sentir (e-ie) – to be sorry/regret
SUBJUNCTIVE W/ VERBS OF DOUBT & DISBELIEF
Dudar – to doubtNegar (e-ie) – to deny
Es imposible – it’s impossible
No es cierto – it’s not true
No es seguro – it’s not certain
Es improbable –
it’s improbable
No es verdad – it’s not true
SUBJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS Es necassario que Es malo que Es triste que Es bueno que Es urgente que Es importante que