SP3H GRAMMAR BOOKJulio Chupp

TABLE OF CONTENTS Imperfect Preterite Por y Para Stressed Possessive adjectives & pronouns Usted & ustedes commands Present subjunctive Subjunctive with verbs of will & influence Subjunctive with verbs of emotion Subjunctive with verbs of doubt & disbelief Subjunctive conjunctions

IMPERFECTAr Er Ir

Cantaba Tenía Salía

Cantabas Teníias Salías

Cantaba Tenía Salía

Cantábamos Teníamos Salíamos

Cantaban Tenían Salían

Use to: speak about background events in a story, talk about something you used to do as a matter of habit, speak about how old someone was, say what time it was

PRETERITE

Ar verbs

éaste

ó

amosasteisaron

Er/Ir verbs

íisteió

imosisteisieron

used for past actions that are seen as completed

POR

To express gratitude/apology

“through”“along”

“by”“in the area of”

talking about exchange,

including sales

to express a length of time

to express cause or reason

PARA

PARA

Indicate Destination

“In order to”“For” “By”

“Considering”

Indicate Purpose, Intent,

Usefulness, Need

POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES Short form

MiTuSuNuestroVuestroSu

Long FormMioTuyoSuyoNuestroVuestroSuyo

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS To form possessive pronoun:

Use the long form of possessive adjectiveAdd le, la, los, las based on the gender and

number of the nounAttach pronoun to reflexive when using

reflexive in infinitive form

USTED & USTEDES COMMANDS 1) Start with the yo form of the present

indicative. 2) Then drop the -o ending. 3) Finally, add the following endings:

-ar verbs:-e (for Ud.), -en (for Uds.)

-er and -ir verbs:-a (for Ud.), -an (for Uds.)

PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE reflects how the speaker feels about the

action 1) Start with the yo form of the present

indicative. 2) Then drop the -o ending. 3) Finally, add the following endings: -ar verbs:

-e, -es, -e, -emos, -éis, en

-er and -ir verbs:-a, -as, -a, -amos, -áis, -an

SUBJUNCTIVE W/ VERBS OF WILL & INFLUENCE Rogar (o-ue)

To beg/plead Recomendar (e-ie)

To recommend Prohibir

To prohibit Mandar

To order Insistir

To insist

ImportarTo be important

AconsejarTo advise

Sugerir (e-ie)To

suggest

SUBJUNCTIVE W/ VERBS OF EMOTION

Es triste – it’s sad

Ojála (que) – I hope that/wish that

Sorprender – to surprise Temer – to be afraid/fearAlegrarse (de) – to be happy

Esperar – to hope/wish Sentir (e-ie) – to be sorry/regret

SUBJUNCTIVE W/ VERBS OF DOUBT & DISBELIEF

Dudar – to doubtNegar (e-ie) – to deny

Es imposible – it’s impossible

No es cierto – it’s not true

No es seguro – it’s not certain

Es improbable –

it’s improbable

No es verdad – it’s not true

SUBJUNCTIVE CONJUNCTIONS Es necassario que Es malo que Es triste que Es bueno que Es urgente que Es importante que