Download - Green Dorm Wastewater System
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Green Dorm Wastewater SystemJBM Associates
BinBin JiangMegan BelaMichael Murray
June 7, 2005
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Living Laboratory
Sustainable Living
Pioneer Model for Future Change
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Sustainable Buildings at Stanford Today
Leslie Shao-ming Sun Field Station:
Rainwater catchment, waterless urinals
Vaden Health Center:
No water savings
Escondido Village 5 & 6:•Low flow appliances
•Efficient irrigation
•Native plants
•Minimize runoff
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Water Goals:
• 50% reduction of potable water use
• 100% reduction of lake water use
• 50% reduction of wastewater discharge
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Project Structure:
Water Balance
Initial Assumptions
Nutrient Balance
Greywater System
Blackwater System
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Classification
Source Reuse
Greywater (Laundry)ShowerBathroom Faucet
(Laundry)IrrigationToilet Flushing
Blackwater ToiletKitchen Faucets
Experimental UsesCompost fromKitchen scraps
Working Definitions
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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Anaerobic MBR
Urine Treatment
Ex. watersupply
Fertilizer Production
Compost
Lab
Sewer
House
Layout
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
EquarisZeeWeed
MBR
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Water Conserving Strategy
Water conserving washing machines LG WM2677H 40.9→12gal = 71%
Low flush toilets Caroma Smartflush 1.5→0.95gpf = 37%
Low flow showerheads Niagara Prismeare 2.11.5gpm = 28.5%
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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Water Balance
Purpose:Viability of water reuse scheme
Source of data: AWWA water use survey/Stanford data
Method
Category
L/capita-d
% of total
Dishwashers 3.8 2%
Other Domestic 6.1 4%
Leaks 36.0 23%
Faucet – Kitchen 25.4 16%
Faucet - Bathroom 15.9 10%
Shower 34.8 22%
Clothes Washers 17.0 11%
Toilets 16.7 11%
Total 155.6 100%
Previous 221.1
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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Water Balance- Assumptions
Regulatory ambiguity concerning clothes washing water
Scenario 1 – All clothes washing water recycled Scenario 2 – Clothes washing water sent to
sewage
Recycled Water
Clothes Washers Toilets Irrigation
Sewage
1
2
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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Water Balance - Results
(liters/day/person)
Scenario 1 (washer recycling)
Scenario 2 (no washer recycling)
Total Potable water used 122 122
Total potable water recycled 51 51
Recycled water needed 17 34
Total black water created 46 63
Irrigation water created 34 17
Potable Water Savings 45% 45%
Black Water Savings 74% 65%Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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Nutrient Balance
Purpose Identify major nutrient sources Optimize treatment for reduction in nutrient
loading
Methodology Scale per-capita production of BOD, COD, N,
and P (from literature)
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
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Nutrient Balance - Results
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Source BOD (kg/yr) COD (kg/yr) N (kg/yr) P (kg/yr)Grey water
Shower/Sink 100 200 20 10Laundry --- 500 0 10
Black waterToilets (Solids) 500 1510 20 10
Urine 0 0 200 30Kitchen, liquid 600 900 20 0Kitchen, solid 600 1810 10 40
Total 1800 4920 270 100
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Nutrient Balance - Conclusions
Compost pile for kitchen scraps removes 35% of P
Divert up to 60% of N, 25% of P by separating urine
Liquid kitchen waste comparable to solid toilet waste as nutrient source
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
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Water Quality of Wastewater Stream
Purpose Identify experimental uses Optimize grey and black water
treatment
Methodology Combine water and nutrient balances
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
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Water Quality of Wastewater Stream - Results
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Source Flow Rate (m3/yr) [BOD] [COD] [N] [P]Grey water 1320 --- 525 15 15
Shower/Sink 990 100 200 20 10Laundry 330 --- 1500 0 30
Black water 1230 900 1980 200 30Toilets (combined) 330 1540 4640 680 120
Solids 290 1730 5240 70 30Urine 40 0 0 5430 810
Kitchen, liquid 570 1060 1590 40 0
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Water Quality of Wastewater Stream - Conclusions
Separated urine is highly concentrated source of N and P -> fertilizer
BOD levels comparable in liquid kitchen and solid toilet waste -> combine treatment
Concentrated laundry water diluted by showers
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
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Anaerobic MBR
Urine Treatment
Ex. watersupply
Compost
Lab
Overview of Greywater
System
Anaerobic MBR
ZeeWeedMBR
Ex. watersupply
Fertilizer Production
Compost
Lab
Sewer
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Equaris
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Greywater Treatment: Equaris System
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Standard wastewater treatment with extended aeration
Surge Tank
Aeration Tank
Clarifying Tank
www.equaris.com
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Greywater Treatment: Equaris System
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
• 950 lpd capacity per system• 68 lpd per capita • 55 people
4 systems needed (3740 lpd total)
NRDC- Santa Monica
www.equaris.com
www.equaris.com
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Greywater Treatment: ZeeWeed Membrane Bioreactor
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Aerobic Membrane Bioreactor by Zenon
www.zenonenv.ocm
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Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Greywater Treatment: Zeeweed Membrane Bioreactor
•1470 lpd to 75,800 lpd• Able to treat greywater and blackwater
www.zenonenv.ocm
City of San Diego
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Comparison of two systems
Similarities DifferencesModularity Cost
Compliance with Regulations
Water Quality
Monitoring Available/LowMaintenance
Footprint
Equaris Zenon MBR
$32,158 including installation
~ $500,000
Equaris Zenon MBR
50-88% reductionin TSS
2.5 log removal TSS (<1 mg/L)
83-90% reduction in Nitrogen
< 1 mg/L N
78-93% reduction in BOD
< 5 mg/L BOD
3 log removal of bacteria
4 log removal of bacteria
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Equaris Zenon MBR
816 ft3
(23 m3)330 ft3
(9.3 m3)
Cost
Water Quality
Footprint
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Recommendation:
Phase I: Installation of Equaris
Phase II: Installation of ZeeWeed MBR
In the future: Both systems can be expanded to include other row houses. Drinking water purification in the future possible
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
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Greywater Irrigation: Clivus Multrum
Available grey water: 51 liters/day
GW used by toilet flushing: 16.7 l/d
GW used by washing machines : 17.3 l/d
Amount of grey water left for irrigation:
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
17 l/d or 34 l/d
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More cost-effective alternative:
Water storage until summer and pump for irrigation
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
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Data logging and sampling
Monitor water quantity from each facility (GW and blackwater): flow, velocity
Monitor water quality: turbidity, pH, water level, TDS, etc
Water samples to lab for detecting pathogens
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient BalanceGreywater SystemBlackwater System
Watersensors.com: YSI ADV6600 Water Quality and Quantity Sonde
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Overview of Blackwater System
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
Anaerobic MBR
Urine-Separating
Toilets
Fertilizer Production
Sewer
Storage,Treatment
Liquid KitchenWaste
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Urine Separation
Divert N and P from wastewater stream
N:P ratio of 6.7 optimal for agriculture
Utilized in ancient China and modern Europe
Green Dorm could fertilize 4.5 acres of tomatoes or 3.5 acres of corn annually
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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Urine Separation: System
Ekologen
Urine Stream(Non-Metal
Piping)
Fiberglass Storage Tank
15 m3Empty 2x per year
OnsiteTreatment Tank
6 months at 20°C
Diluted or As-IsFertilizer
Application
Urine-separating toilet diverts1.25 l/pd urine plus 0.75 l/pd flush
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
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The Future: Anaerobic MBR
Water BalanceInitial Assumptions Nutrient Balance Greywater SystemBlackwater System
Experimental MBR at University of Bath, UK
Solid Toilet Waste
Anaerobic MBR
Potable Water
Electricty from Methane
Sludge Composter
(CO2)
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Anticipated Performance
Anaerobic MBR
Urine Treatment
Ex. watersupply
Compost
LabAnaerobic
MBRZeeWeed
MBR
Ex. watersupply
Fertilizer Production
Compost
Lab
Sewer
Equaris
Potable water savings: Potable water savings: 45%45%
Wastewater discharge Wastewater discharge
reduction: reduction: 65–74%65–74%
Reduction of N in wastewater Reduction of N in wastewater
effluent: effluent: 12-55%12-55%
Pioneering new technology and Pioneering new technology and processesprocesses
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Acknowledgements from JBM