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THE ROLE OF THE
GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OFPAKISTAN
TO FOSTER MINING DEVELOPMENT
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GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF PAKISTANan attached department of the Federal Ministry of
Petroleum and Natural Resources
The Geological Survey of Pakistan is responsible for the
study of geology of the country in all pertinent details and
to assess its geological resource potential. It undertakes: Geological mapping and other geoscientific surveys,
Basic and applied research in earth sciences,
Scientific investigations for an accurate understanding
of the country’s geological resources and their
prudent management, and Environmental geology and hydrogeological studies
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GSP’s Role Under The National Mineral Policy
1- To expedite the publication of geological, geophysical and
geochemical data and maps
2- To produce Geological maps of the entire country on a 1:250,000
scale. Priority areas to be mapped on 1:50,000 scale
3- To operate an open file system for the potential investors
4- To undertake collaborative projects with the constituting
provinces and the private sector
5- To establish the Geodata Centre of Pakistan for the collection,
dissemination, storing and updating of data of the country as a
whole and also to make it available in print and electronic
formats
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(Organisation) Headquarters at Quetta
Divisional Offices at Lahore, Karachi &Peshawar
Regional Office, Muzaffarabad
Environment Division, Islamabad
GSP Geoscience Research Centre,
Islamabad
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DIRECTOR GENERAL
DIRECTOR GENERAL
GSP Headquarter
Office, Quetta
GSP Headquarter
Office, Quetta
GSP H8
Islamabad
GSP H8
Islamabad
GSP Geoscience
Research Centre,Islamabad
GSP Geoscience
Research Centre,Islamabad
DRILLING
BRA NCH
DRILLING
BRA NCHCHEMISTRY
BRA NCH
CHEMISTRY
BRA NCHGEOPHY SICS
BRA NCH
GEOPHY SICS
BRA NCH
GSP
Karachi
GSP
KarachiGSP
Peshawar
GSP
Peshawar GSP
Lahore
GSP
Lahore
Store & Workshop
Store & Workshop
Establishment & Accounts
Establishment & Accounts
GEOLOGIST 57 GEOPHYSICIST 13 DRILLER 12 CHEMIST 06 TOTAL 88
GEOLOGIST 57 GEOPHYSICIST 13 DRILLER 12 CHEMIST 06 TOTAL 88
ORGANIZATION CHART
GEOLOGIST 19
TOTAL 19
GEOLOGIST 19
TOTAL 19
GEOLOGIST 2
GEOPHYSICIST 1
CHEMIST 2
TOTAL 5
GEOLOGIST 2
GEOPHYSICIST 1
CHEMIST 2
TOTAL 5
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 01
DRILLER 07
CHEMIST 04TOTAL 35
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 01
DRILLER 07
CHEMIST 04TOTAL 35
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 04
DRILLER 06
CHEMIST 09TOTAL 42
GEOLOGIST 23
GEOPHYSICIST 04
DRILLER 06
CHEMIST 09TOTAL 42
GEOLOGIST 16TOTAL 16
GEOLOGIST 16TOTAL 16
PUBLICATION
BRA NCH
PUBLICATION
BRA NCH
PETMINBRA NCH
PETMINBRA NCH
PLANNING &
INFORMA TION
PLANNING &
INFORMA TION
SEDIMENTARY
GEOLOGY BRANCH
SEDIMENTARY
GEOLOGY BRANCH
PHOTO-
GRAMMETARY &
SURVEY BRANCH
PHOTO-
GRAMMETARY &
SURVEY BRANCH
WESTERN ZONE
BALOCHISTAN
WESTERN ZONE
BALOCHISTAN
ADMIN., ACCOUNT & OTHERS 56 TOTAL 56
ADMIN., ACCOUNT & OTHERS 56 TOTAL 56
MUSEUM
MUSEUM LIBRARY
LIBRARY
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ACHIEVEMENTS
Reconnaissance mapping on 1:250,000 scale of the
entire outcrop region of the country has been
completed
Systematic geological mapping of about 50% of theoutcrop region on 1:50,000 scale has been completed
apart from from the large scale mapping of the
priority areas of identified mineral deposits
Aeromagnetic survey of an area of 112,000 sq. km has
been carried out in the Provinces of Balochistan &Sindh
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ACHIEVEMENTS
(Continued)
About a 188,000 sq. km. of an area has
been covered by different types of geophysical surveys and 15,000 sq. km. by
geochemical surveys 2,746 bore holes with a cumulative depth of
525,000 metres have been drilled in support
of mapping, research, mineral exploration,
engineering & hydrogeological
investigations
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MAP SHOWING OUTCROP AREA OF PAKISTAN
TOTAL OUTCROP
AREA = 599,794 Km2
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STATUS OF REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL MAPPING ON 1:250,000 SCALE
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DATA ON REGIONAL GEOLOGICAL
MAPPING COVERAGE IN PAKISTAN
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MAP SHOWING STATUS OF GEOPHYSICAL SURVEYS
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STATUS OF AEROMAGNETIC COVERAGE AND AREA FOR
AIRBORNE SURVEY
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i l
K a r a c h i
Q u e t t a
L a h o r e
I S L A M A BA D
M u z a f f a r a b a d J A M M U
A N DK A S H M I R
(D i s p u te d T er r i to r y )P es h a w a r
25
G i l g i t
S k a r du
M etall ic M in erals
MAJOR ECONOMIC MINERAL DEPOSITS OF PAKISTAN (2003)
Coal
Oi l
Ga s
Uranium
O il & G a s
LEGEND
ChromiteM anganese
I ro n or eC o p p er / G ol dZ inc-Lead
Dolomite
Feldspar
Gyp sum (including anhydri te)
M agnesi te
R o c k s al t
Soaps tone / Talc
Phosphate
Notes:-
1- The ma p shows only the major economic min eral de posits of Pakista nwhich are eit her presently i n production or are likely to co me int o produ ctionby 2005.
2- Min eral sh owings and occ urrences o f academic importan ce are ex clud ed.
3- Bul k minerals and bu ilding/con struction raw materials lik e sand , gravels,lime stone etc ., a re not shown.
No n-Metallic M inerals
Dimension StonesAragonite/Marble
Granite
O nyx marb le
Fuels
C hemical, Fertilizer &Industrial M inerals
Barite (Barytes)
S i li ca s and
B en to n i t e
C h i n a c la yFi r ec la y
Fu lle r’s earth
C lays
E m e r a l d
R u b y
Topaz
Tourm aline
Gemstones
P e r i do t
Aquamarine
0 1 0 0 2 0 0 K m
Government of Pakistan
Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Resources Geological Survey of Pakistan (GSP)
Compiled by: Joozer Marzban & Nazar-ul-IslamGS Pc 2003
27
29
61 63 65
31
67
33
35
37
717573
Saindak
Dilband Iron
Thar coal
Reko Diq
Gunga
Duddar
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ACHIEVEMENTS
Besides cement raw material, Pakistan had been
producing only 5 minerals at the time of the
independence. At present Pakistan is producing 40 minerals; of
these about 20 are being exploited in Balochistan
Almost all the minerals now being mined in the
country had been explored/discovered by the
Geological Survey of Pakistan
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Major and Important mineral finds
Dilband Iron Ore Deposit
Haemetitic Iron ore with above 40% Fe2O3
Reserves > 200 million tonnes. 10% of Dilband ore
blended with imported ore will save millions of rupees in
foreign exchange for the country. GSP has helped BME to
drill evaluate the deposit for beneficiation, and
exploitation. Mining has already been started and supply
to Pakistan Steel is in progress
Duddar-Gunga-Surmai Lead-Zinc Deposit
Combined Lead-Zinc Ore with 7% Zn & 3.2% Pb
Reserves = 28 million tonnes
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Saindak & Reko Diq Copper - Gold Deposit
Saindak Reserves > 400 million tonnes
Copper = 0.4 % with 1.7 million tonnes
Gold = 2 .24 million ounces
Reko Diq Copper – Gold Deposit
One of the world’s biggest deposit discovered by GSP in 1978-79Presently M/S TCC is investing 150 million US $ to develop the deposit
which is expected to start production within 2 years.
Reserves > 800 millions tonnes
Copper = 0.64% with 50 million tonnesGold = 9 million ounces
ACHIEVEMENTS
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Thar Coal Deposit
Reserves > 175.00 billion tonnesCoal Rank lignite to sub-bituminous
Proved Reserve in 360 sq. kms. area (Four Blocks)
with > 200 boreholes > 2.70 billion tonnesB.T.U. 5,780 to 6,398
Sulphur 0.92 % to 1.2 %
Moisture 43 % to 49 %
Indicated Reserves > 9.00 billion tonnes
Sufficient for generation of 40,000 MW
Electric Power
ACHIEVEMENTS
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• Based on the GSP’s investigations M/S
Shenhua Group of China have selected a part of the area for development of a mine
for installation of power plant. The work is
to start during this month
• M/s Rein Braun of Germany are carrying
out Bankable feasibility studies in one of
the blocks.
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Site for the Quaid-e-Azam
Mausoleum, Karachi
Dam site Studies
HydrogeologyEngineering Geology
ACHIEVEMENTS (Continued)
• Warsak
• Mangla
• Tarbela
• Small dams inBalochistan, NWFP &
Punjab Delineation of Buried
Karezes in the Satellite
Town, Quetta
Discovery of Hard Rock Aquifers in the Quetta
Valley (2000) Ziarat, Sanjavi and Kalat
(2002)
Ground WaterInvestigations in MohmandAgency, NWFP; RawlaKot and Plandri AreasAJK (2003)
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Karakoram Highway
Seismo-tectonic Zonationmap of Pakistan
Strategic Sites Studies
Omara-Kalmat KaurArea for a Naval Base
Geological studies of Islamabad
HydrogeologyEngineering Geology
ACHIEVEMENTS (Continued)
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Systematic Evaluation and Appraisal of Coal
Resources of Four Specific Tracts in TharCoalfield, Sindh, Pakistan
Exploration and Evaluation of Coal Field of Loralai and Kohlu District, Balochistan
Bankable Feasibility Study of Thar CoalMining
Exploration of Hangu and Karak CoalDeposits, NWFP, Pakistan
ON GOING DEVELOPMENT PROJECTS
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Future Development Plans
1. Airborne Geophysical Survey and connected activities For
Identification of Mineral Potential Areas of Pakistan
2. Accelerated Geological Mapping and Geochemical
Exploration Studies of Prospective Areas of Pakistan
3. Accelerated Groundwater Studies in Balochistan
4. Accelerated Mineral Exploration Programme of The
Geological Survey of Pakistan to Identify New EconomicMineral Deposits in The Country
5. Ground Follow-up of Aeromagnetic Anomalies in Chagai
District, Balochistan
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Coordination between licensing
Authority and GSP for
feasibility study by private
sector
Detailed
Exploration
Mine
Development
THE MISSING LINK
GENERALIZED SCHEME SHOWING THE INTERFACE BETWEEN PUBLIC
AND PRIVATE / CORPORATE SECTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF A
MINERAL DEPOSIT
Pre
Feasibility
Study
By GSP
Geological
Mapping
Regional
Exploration
F
U
N
D
I
N
G
P R O G R E S S
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Establishment of a Geodata Centre of Pakistan.
Setting up of a Gemmological Research Unit.
Creation of a GSP Geoscience Research &Training Centre at Islamabad.
Seismo-tectonic Network and Hazard Study
Centre at Islamabad. International Geology Branch.
Initiation of e-georesearch in Pakistan.
Institutional Strengthening
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TRAINING FACILITIES REQUIRED
• Modern Techniques in All Disciplines of Earth Sciences
especially in Geological Mapping, Coal Technology,
Geophysical & Geochemical Surveys and Mineral
Exploration & Economics
• GIS Applications in Geology and Mineral Exploration and
Data Management
• Remote Sensing & Satellite Imageries interpretation and
Analysis
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1. Besides geological mapping as per its charter GSP should be fully involved
and entrusted to carry out the exploration of mineral deposits identified
during mapping upto the pre-feasibility stage.
2. To make the GSP financially self-sustaining organization a mechanism has
to be developed for having a share from the revenue earned from the
commercial exploitation of mineral resources.
3. GSP should act as an agency for advising the Government of Pakistan on
environmental issues developed as a result of mining activities and
urbanization. Geochemical data will be generated of the mining areas to
monitor the environmental degradation.
4. GSP should act as an advisory agency on the groundwater exploration
particularly in hard rock aquifers in the country.
SUGGESTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
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5. GSP should carryout seismo-tectonics studies and provide data totown planners in urban centres lying in the seismic risk zone.
6. GSP should act as an authentication agency for the geological data
generated by different public & private sector . It should also actas geodata center in the provinces like GSP Geodata Centre in GSP
Islamabad.
7. In order to safeguard the public interest it is suggested that areas
identified and explored by GSP should not be leased to the private
sector without consultation with GSP. A close coordination
between provincial authorities and GSP is suggested in this regard.
8. GSP should commercialize its exploration activities and mayprovide consultancy services to local / foreign investors
9. The re-organization of the service structure of GSP with time scale
promotion to the officers to avoid stagnation of career in future.