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Health Disparities & Resources: Connecting the Community
to Care
Robert Gilchick, MD, MPH, FACPMDirector, Child and Adolescent Health Program and Policy
Los Angeles County Department of Public HealthOctober 20, 2011
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2
Overview
ACPMHealth Disparities Bridging the gapPatient Assistance Programs
Pfizer Helpful AnswersAZ & Me
Questions and Answers
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What are health disparities?
Significant differences between one population and another in "the overall rate of disease incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality or survival rates” - Minority Health and Health Disparities Research and Education Act of 2000
Health disparities are differences in health outcomes between groups that reflect social inequalities - CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report, United States, 2011
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U.S. Deaths Attributable to Social Factors
In 2000: 245,000 deaths in the United States were
attributable to low levels of education 176,000 to racial segregation 162,000 to low social support 133,000 to individual-level poverty 119,000 to income inequality 39,000 to area-level poverty.
Galea et al. Am J Public Health. 2011.
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Colorado Poverty Rates
Data Source: Kaiser Family Foundation Colorado State Health Demographics (2008 Fact Sheet)
0%
5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
Colorado Poverty Rate byRace/Origin (2008)
White (10.2%)
Black (22.2%)
AmericanIndian/AK Native(17.9%)Hispanic (23.4%)
Asian (8.1%)
Other race(24.3%)
Overall (11.4%)
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Inequalities in Health Insurance Status (CO)
Data Source:US Census Current Population Survey (CPS) 2010 Data Source: Pew Hispanic Center: Demographic Profile of Hispanics in Colorado (2009)http://pewhispanic.org/states/?stateid=CO
0.0%
5.0%
10.0%
15.0%
20.0%
25.0%
30.0%
35.0%
Uninsured PopulationBy Race (Percent)
White (Non-hispanic)(12.7%)
Black (15.5%)
Asian (21.5%)
Hispanic (32%)
Total (13%)
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Impact of Inequalities in Prescription Access
Lack of ability to fill prescriptions result in Skipped medications Disease progression Worse health status Greater healthcare costs
Importance of tertiary prevention
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Patient Assistance Programs for Prescription Medicines
Offers free or low-cost medications Low income uninsured or under-insured Eligibility requirements differ with programs One valuable tool for decreasing health
disparities in low-income populations
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Healthcare Disparities: Another Contributor to Health Disparities
Healthcare Disparities defined – Differences in the quality of healthcare that are not due to access-related factors or clinical needs, preferences, and appropriateness of interventions.
Source: Smedley et al. 2003. Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health Care
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Bridging the Gap: Strategies for Reducing Disparities Research
Better understand the causes of health disparities and the most effective interventions.
Education Develop opportunities for health education and empowerment of
at-risk populations Community Outreach
Work within communities to build awareness and increase access to resources and opportunities.
Resource Sharing Maximize the benefits of programming, research and best
practices. Affiliations and Partnerships
Collaborate with those with shared goals, e.g. providers, educators and industry.
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Pfizer Helpful Answers – Pfizer’s Family of Patient Assistance Programs
Pfizer Helpful Answers® is a joint program of Pfizer Inc and the Pfizer Patient Assistance Foundation™
Helping the Uninsured and Underinsured Get Access to the Medicines They Need
Helping the Uninsured and Underinsured Get Access to the Medicines They Need
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Patient Assistance Programs Update
ACPM Webinar
1084003 2/11